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Class: Time

Relationships & Source Files
Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance
Instance Chain:
self, ::Comparable
Inherits: Object
Defined in: timev.rb,
time.c

Overview

A Time object represents a date and time:

Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600

Although its value can be expressed as a single numeric (see Epoch Seconds below), it can be convenient to deal with the value by parts:

t = Time.new(-2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0.0)
# => -2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
t.year # => -2000
t.month # => 1
t.mday # => 1
t.hour # => 0
t.min # => 0
t.sec # => 0
t.subsec # => 0

t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59.5)
# => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
t.year # => 2000
t.month # => 12
t.mday # => 31
t.hour # => 23
t.min # => 59
t.sec # => 59
t.subsec # => (1/2)

Epoch Seconds

Epoch seconds is the exact number of seconds (including fractional subseconds) since the Unix Epoch, January 1, 1970.

You can retrieve that value exactly using method #to_r:

Time.at(0).to_r        # => (0/1)
Time.at(0.999999).to_r # => (9007190247541737/9007199254740992)

Other retrieval methods such as #to_i and #to_f may return a value that rounds or truncates subseconds.

Time Resolution

A Time object derived from the system clock (for example, by method .now) has the resolution supported by the system.

Time Internal Representation

Time implementation uses a signed 63 bit integer, ::Integer, or ::Rational. It is a number of nanoseconds since the Epoch. The signed 63 bit integer can represent 1823-11-12 to 2116-02-20. When Integer or ::Rational is used (before 1823, after 2116, under nanosecond), Time works slower than when the signed 63 bit integer is used.

Ruby uses the C function #localtime and #gmtime to map between the number and 6-tuple (year,month,day,hour,minute,second). #localtime is used for local time and “gmtime” is used for UTC.

::Integer and ::Rational has no range limit, but the localtime and gmtime has range limits due to the C types time_t and struct tm. If that limit is exceeded, Ruby extrapolates the localtime function.

The Time class always uses the Gregorian calendar. I.e. the proleptic Gregorian calendar is used. Other calendars, such as Julian calendar, are not supported.

time_t can represent 1901-12-14 to 2038-01-19 if it is 32 bit signed integer, -292277022657-01-27 to 292277026596-12-05 if it is 64 bit signed integer. However #localtime on some platforms doesn’t supports negative time_t (before 1970).

struct tm has tm_year member to represent years. (tm_year = 0 means the year 1900.) It is defined as int in the C standard. tm_year can represent between -2147481748 to 2147485547 if int is 32 bit.

Ruby supports leap seconds as far as if the C function #localtime and #gmtime supports it. They use the tz database in most Unix systems. The tz database has timezones which supports leap seconds. For example, “Asia/Tokyo” doesn’t support leap seconds but “right/Asia/Tokyo” supports leap seconds. So, Ruby supports leap seconds if the TZ environment variable is set to “right/Asia/Tokyo” in most Unix systems.

Examples

All of these examples were done using the EST timezone which is GMT-5.

Creating a New Time Instance

You can create a new instance of Time with .new. This will use the current system time. .now is an alias for this. You can also pass parts of the time to .new such as year, month, minute, etc. When you want to construct a time this way you must pass at least a year. If you pass the year with nothing else time will default to January 1 of that year at 00:00:00 with the current system timezone. Here are some examples:

Time.new(2002)         #=> 2002-01-01 00:00:00 -0500
Time.new(2002, 10)     #=> 2002-10-01 00:00:00 -0500
Time.new(2002, 10, 31) #=> 2002-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

You can pass a UTC offset:

Time.new(2002, 10, 31, 2, 2, 2, "+02:00") #=> 2002-10-31 02:02:02 +0200

Or a timezone object:

zone = timezone("Europe/Athens")      # Eastern European Time, UTC+2
Time.new(2002, 10, 31, 2, 2, 2, zone) #=> 2002-10-31 02:02:02 +0200

You can also use .local and .utc to infer local and UTC timezones instead of using the current system setting.

You can also create a new time using .at which takes the number of seconds (with subsecond) since the Unix Epoch.

Time.at(628232400) #=> 1989-11-28 00:00:00 -0500

Working with an Instance of Time

Once you have an instance of Time there is a multitude of things you can do with it. Below are some examples. For all of the following examples, we will work on the assumption that you have done the following:

t = Time.new(1993, 02, 24, 12, 0, 0, "+09:00")

Was that a monday?

t.monday? #=> false

What year was that again?

t.year #=> 1993

Was it daylight savings at the time?

t.dst? #=> false

What’s the day a year later?

t + (60*60*24*365) #=> 1994-02-24 12:00:00 +0900

How many seconds was that since the Unix Epoch?

t.to_i #=> 730522800

You can also do standard functions like compare two times.

t1 = Time.new(2010)
t2 = Time.new(2011)

t1 == t2 #=> false
t1 == t1 #=> true
t1 <  t2 #=> true
t1 >  t2 #=> false

Time.new(2010,10,31).between?(t1, t2) #=> true

What’s Here

First, what’s elsewhere. Class Time:

  • Inherits from class Object.

  • Includes module Comparable.

Here, class Time provides methods that are useful for:

  • Creating objects.

  • Fetching values.

  • Querying a object.

  • Comparing objects.

  • Converting a object.

  • {Time@Methods+for+Rounding Rounding a }.

Methods for Creating

  • .new: Returns a new time from specified arguments (year, month, etc.), including an optional timezone value.

  • .local (aliased as .mktime): Same as .new, except the timezone is the local timezone.

  • .utc (aliased as .gm): Same as .new, except the timezone is UTC.

  • .at: Returns a new time based on seconds since epoch.

  • .now: Returns a new time based on the current system time.

  • #+ (plus): Returns a new time increased by the given number of seconds.

  • #- (minus): Returns a new time decreased by the given number of seconds.

Methods for Fetching

  • #year: Returns the year of the time.

  • #month (aliased as #mon): Returns the month of the time.

  • #mday (aliased as #day): Returns the day of the month.

  • #hour: Returns the hours value for the time.

  • #min: Returns the minutes value for the time.

  • #sec: Returns the seconds value for the time.

  • #usec (aliased as #tv_usec): Returns the number of microseconds in the subseconds value of the time.

  • #nsec (aliased as #tv_nsec: Returns the number of nanoseconds in the subsecond part of the time.

  • #subsec: Returns the subseconds value for the time.

  • #wday: Returns the integer weekday value of the time (0 == Sunday).

  • #yday: Returns the integer yearday value of the time (1 == January 1).

  • #hash: Returns the integer hash value for the time.

  • #utc_offset (aliased as #gmt_offset and #gmtoff): Returns the offset in seconds between time and UTC.

  • #to_f: Returns the float number of seconds since epoch for the time.

  • #to_i (aliased as #tv_sec): Returns the integer number of seconds since epoch for the time.

  • #to_r: Returns the ::Rational number of seconds since epoch for the time.

  • #zone: Returns a string representation of the timezone of the time.

Methods for Querying

  • #utc? (aliased as #gmt?): Returns whether the time is UTC.

  • #dst? (aliased as #isdst): Returns whether the time is DST (daylight saving time).

  • #sunday?: Returns whether the time is a Sunday.

  • #monday?: Returns whether the time is a Monday.

  • #tuesday?: Returns whether the time is a Tuesday.

  • #wednesday?: Returns whether the time is a Wednesday.

  • #thursday?: Returns whether the time is a Thursday.

  • #friday?: Returns whether time is a Friday.

  • #saturday?: Returns whether the time is a Saturday.

Methods for Comparing

  • #<=>: Compares self to another time.

  • #eql?: Returns whether the time is equal to another time.

Methods for Converting

  • #asctime (aliased as #ctime): Returns the time as a string.

  • #inspect: Returns the time in detail as a string.

  • #strftime: Returns the time as a string, according to a given format.

  • #to_a: Returns a 10-element array of values from the time.

  • #to_s: Returns a string representation of the time.

  • #getutc (aliased as #getgm): Returns a new time converted to UTC.

  • #getlocal: Returns a new time converted to local time.

  • #utc (aliased as #gmtime): Converts time to UTC in place.

  • #localtime: Converts time to local time in place.

  • #deconstruct_keys: Returns a hash of time components used in pattern-matching.

Methods for Rounding

  • #round:Returns a new time with subseconds rounded.

  • #ceil: Returns a new time with subseconds raised to a ceiling.

  • #floor: Returns a new time with subseconds lowered to a floor.

For the forms of argument #zone, see zone Specifiers.

Timezone Specifiers

Certain Time methods accept arguments that specify timezones:

The value given with any of these must be one of the following (each detailed below):

  • Hours/minutes offset.

  • Single-letter offset.

  • {Integer offset}.

  • zone object.

  • zone name.

Hours/Minutes Offsets

The zone value may be a string offset from UTC in the form '+HH:MM' or '-HH:MM', where:

  • HH is the 2-digit hour in the range 0..23.

  • MM is the 2-digit minute in the range 0..59.

Examples:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
Time.at(t, in: '-23:59')            # => 1999-12-31 20:16:01 -2359
Time.at(t, in: '+23:59')            # => 2000-01-02 20:14:01 +2359

Single-Letter Offsets

The zone value may be a letter in the range 'A'..'I' or 'K'..'Z'; see List of military time zones:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
Time.at(t, in: 'A')                 # => 2000-01-01 21:15:01 +0100
Time.at(t, in: 'I')                 # => 2000-01-02 05:15:01 +0900
Time.at(t, in: 'K')                 # => 2000-01-02 06:15:01 +1000
Time.at(t, in: 'Y')                 # => 2000-01-01 08:15:01 -1200
Time.at(t, in: 'Z')                 # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC

Integer Offsets

The zone value may be an integer number of seconds in the range -86399..86399:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
Time.at(t, in: -86399)              # => 1999-12-31 20:15:02 -235959
Time.at(t, in: 86399)               # => 2000-01-02 20:15:00 +235959

Timezone Objects

The zone value may be an object responding to certain timezone methods, an instance of Timezone and TZInfo for example.

The timezone methods are:

  • local_to_utc:

    Called when Time.new is invoked with tz as the value of positional argument #zone or keyword argument in:.

    Argument

    a -like object.

    Returns

    a -like object in the UTC timezone.

  • utc_to_local:

    Called when Time.at or Time.now is invoked with tz as the value for keyword argument in:, and when Time#getlocal or Time#localtime is called with tz as the value for positional argument #zone.

    Argument

    a -like object.

    Returns

    a -like object in the local timezone.

A custom timezone class may have these instance methods, which will be called if defined:

  • abbr:

    Called when Time#strftime is invoked with a format involving %Z.

    Argument

    a -like object.

    Returns

    a string abbreviation for the timezone name.

  • #dst?:

    Called when Time.at or Time.now is invoked with tz as the value for keyword argument in:, and when Time#getlocal or Time#localtime is called with tz as the value for positional argument #zone.

    Argument

    a -like object.

    Returns

    whether the time is daylight saving time.

  • name:

    Called when Marshal.dump(t) is invoked

    Argument

    none.

    Returns

    the string name of the timezone.

Time-Like Objects

A Time-like object is a container object capable of interfacing with timezone libraries for timezone conversion.

The argument to the timezone conversion methods above will have attributes similar to Time, except that timezone related attributes are meaningless.

The objects returned by local_to_utc and utc_to_local methods of the timezone object may be of the same class as their arguments, of arbitrary object classes, or of class ::Integer.

For a returned class other than ::Integer, the class must have the following methods:

For a returned ::Integer, its components, decomposed in UTC, are interpreted as times in the specified timezone.

Timezone Names

If the class (the receiver of class methods, or the class of the receiver of instance methods) has find_timezone singleton method, this method is called to achieve the corresponding timezone object from a timezone name.

For example, using Timezone:

class TimeWithTimezone < Time
  require 'timezone'
  def self.find_timezone(z) = Timezone[z]
end

TimeWithTimezone.now(in: "America/New_York")        #=> 2023-12-25 00:00:00 -0500
TimeWithTimezone.new("2023-12-25 America/New_York") #=> 2023-12-25 00:00:00 -0500

Or, using TZInfo:

class TimeWithTZInfo < Time
  require 'tzinfo'
  def self.find_timezone(z) = TZInfo::Timezone.get(z)
end

TimeWithTZInfo.now(in: "America/New_York")          #=> 2023-12-25 00:00:00 -0500
TimeWithTZInfo.new("2023-12-25 America/New_York")   #=> 2023-12-25 00:00:00 -0500

You can define this method per subclasses, or on the toplevel Time class.

Class Method Summary

Instance Attribute Summary

Instance Method Summary

::Comparable - Included

#<

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns a value less than 0.
#<=

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns a value less than or equal to 0.
#==

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns 0.
#>

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns a value greater than 0.
#>=

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns a value greater than or equal to 0.
#between?

Returns false if obj #<=> min is less than zero or if obj #<=> max is greater than zero, true otherwise.
#clamp

In (min, max) form, returns min if obj #<=> min is less than zero, max if obj #<=> max is greater than zero, and obj otherwise.

Constructor Details

.new(year = nil, mon = nil, mday = nil, hour = nil, min = nil, sec = nil, zone = nil, in: nil, precision: 9) ⇒ Time

Returns a new Time object based on the given arguments, by default in the local timezone.

With no positional arguments, returns the value of .now:

Time.new # => 2021-04-24 17:27:46.0512465 -0500

With one string argument that represents a time, returns a new Time object based on the given argument, in the local timezone.

Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5')              # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900')        # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5', in: '+0900') # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5')              # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.56789', precision: 3) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.567 -0600

With one to six arguments, returns a new Time object based on the given arguments, in the local timezone.

Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) # => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 -0600

For the positional arguments (other than #zone):

  • #year: Year, with no range limits:

    Time.new(999999999)  # => 999999999-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.new(-999999999) # => -999999999-01-01 00:00:00 -0600

  • #month: Month in range (1..12), or case-insensitive 3-letter month name:

    Time.new(2000, 1)     # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.new(2000, 12)    # => 2000-12-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.new(2000, 'jan') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.new(2000, 'JAN') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600

  • #mday: Month day in range(1..31):

    Time.new(2000, 1, 1)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.new(2000, 1, 31) # => 2000-01-31 00:00:00 -0600

  • #hour: Hour in range (0..23), or 24 if #min, #sec, and #usec are zero:

    Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 23) # => 2000-01-01 23:00:00 -0600
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 24) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 -0600

  • #min: Minute in range (0..59):

    Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:59:00 -0600

  • #sec: Second in range (0…61):

    Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:59 -0600
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 60) # => 2000-01-01 00:01:00 -0600

    #sec may be Float or Rational.

    Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59.5)  # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59.7r) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.7 +0900

These values may be:

  • Integers, as above.

  • Numerics convertible to integers:

    Time.new(Float(0.0), Rational(1, 1), 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
# => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600

  • ::String integers:

    a = %w[0 1 1 0 0 0]
# => ["0", "1", "1", "0", "0", "0"]
Time.new(*a) # => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600

When positional argument #zone or keyword argument in: is given, the new Time object is in the specified timezone. For the forms of argument #zone, see Timezone Specifiers:

Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, '+12:00')
# => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 +1200
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, in: '-12:00')
# => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -1200
Time.new(in: '-12:00')
# => 2022-08-23 08:49:26.1941467 -1200

Since in: keyword argument just provides the default, so if the first argument in single string form contains time zone information, this keyword argument will be silently ignored.

Time.new('2000-01-01 00:00:00 +0100', in: '-0500').utc_offset  # => 3600

  • precision: maximum effective digits in sub-second part, default is 9. More digits will be truncated, as other operations of Time. Ignored unless the first argument is a string.

[ GitHub ] 

  


# File 'timev.rb', line 434



def initialize(year = (now = true), mon = (str = year; nil), mday = nil, hour = nil, min = nil, sec = nil, zone = nil,
               in: nil, precision: 9)
  if zone
    if Primitive.arg!(:in)
      raise ArgumentError, "timezone argument given as positional and keyword arguments"
    end
  else
    zone = Primitive.arg!(:in)
  end

  if now
    return Primitive.time_init_now(zone)
  end

  if str and Primitive.time_init_parse(str, zone, precision)
    return self
  end

  Primitive.time_init_args(year, mon, mday, hour, min, sec, zone)
end


  







Class Method Details



  

    .at(time, subsec = false, unit = :microsecond, in: nil)  
  



  

    

Returns a new Time object based on the given arguments.



Required argument time may be either of:


  • 

    A Time object, whose value is the basis for the returned time; also influenced by optional keyword argument in: (see below).
    

  • 

    A numeric number of Epoch seconds for the returned time.
    




Examples:



t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
secs = t.to_i                          # => 978328799
Time.at(secs)                          # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
Time.at(secs + 0.5)                    # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.at(1000000000)                    # => 2001-09-08 20:46:40 -0500
Time.at(0)                             # => 1969-12-31 18:00:00 -0600
Time.at(-1000000000)                   # => 1938-04-24 17:13:20 -0500



Optional numeric argument #subsec and optional symbol argument units work together to specify subseconds for the returned time; argument units specifies the units for #subsec:


  • 

    :millisecond: #subsec in milliseconds:
    


    Time.at(secs, 0, :millisecond)     # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
Time.at(secs, 500, :millisecond)   # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.at(secs, 1000, :millisecond)  # => 2001-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.at(secs, -1000, :millisecond) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:58 -0600
    

  • 

    :microsecond or :usec: #subsec in microseconds:
    


    Time.at(secs, 0, :microsecond)        # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
Time.at(secs, 500000, :microsecond)   # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.at(secs, 1000000, :microsecond)  # => 2001-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.at(secs, -1000000, :microsecond) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:58 -0600
    

  • 

    :nanosecond or :nsec: #subsec in nanoseconds:
    


    Time.at(secs, 0, :nanosecond)           # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
Time.at(secs, 500000000, :nanosecond)   # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.at(secs, 1000000000, :nanosecond)  # => 2001-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
Time.at(secs, -1000000000, :nanosecond) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:58 -0600
    




Optional keyword argument in: zone specifies the timezone for the returned time:



Time.at(secs, in: '+12:00') # => 2001-01-01 17:59:59 +1200
Time.at(secs, in: '-12:00') # => 2000-12-31 17:59:59 -1200



For the forms of argument #zone, see Timezone Specifiers.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'timev.rb', line 323



def self.at(time, subsec = false, unit = :microsecond, in: nil)
  if Primitive.mandatory_only?
    Primitive.time_s_at1(time)
  else
    Primitive.time_s_at(time, subsec, unit, Primitive.arg!(:in))
  end
end


  








  

    

      .utc(year, month = 1, mday = 1, hour = 0, min = 0, sec = 0, usec = 0)  ⇒ Time 
      .utc(sec, min, hour, mday, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy)  ⇒ Time 
    

    Also known as: .utc
  



  

    

Returns a new Time object based the on given arguments, in the UTC timezone.



With one to seven arguments given, the arguments are interpreted as in the first calling sequence above:



Time.utc(year, month = 1, mday = 1, hour = 0, min = 0, sec = 0, usec = 0)



Examples:



Time.utc(2000)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(-2000) # => -2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC



There are no minimum and maximum values for the required argument #year.



For the optional arguments:


  • 

    #month: Month in range (1..12), or case-insensitive 3-letter month name:
    


    Time.utc(2000, 1)     # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 12)    # => 2000-12-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 'jan') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 'JAN') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    

  • 

    #mday: Month day in range(1..31):
    


    Time.utc(2000, 1, 1)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 1, 31) # => 2000-01-31 00:00:00 UTC
    

  • 

    #hour: Hour in range (0..23), or 24 if #min, #sec, and #usec are zero:
    


    Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 23) # => 2000-01-01 23:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 24) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 UTC
    

  • 

    #min: Minute in range (0..59):
    


    Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:59:00 UTC
    

  • 

    #sec: Second in range (0..59), or 60 if #usec is zero:
    


    Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:59 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 60) # => 2000-01-01 00:01:00 UTC
    

  • 

    #usec: Microsecond in range (0..999999):
    


    Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)      # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 999999) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00.999999 UTC
    




The values may be:


  • 

    Integers, as above.
    

  • 

    Numerics convertible to integers:
    


    Time.utc(Float(0.0), Rational(1, 1), 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
# => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    

  • 

    ::String integers:
    


    a = %w[0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0]
# => ["0", "1", "1", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"]
Time.utc(*a) # => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
    




When exactly ten arguments are given, the arguments are interpreted as in the second calling sequence above:



Time.utc(sec, min, hour, mday, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy)



where the dummy arguments are ignored:



a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Time.utc(*a) # => 0005-04-03 02:01:00 UTC



This form is useful for creating a Time object from a 10-element array returned by #to_a:



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) # => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
a = t.to_a   # => [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2000, 0, 2, false, nil]
Time.utc(*a) # => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 UTC



The two forms have their first six arguments in common, though in different orders; the ranges of these common arguments are the same for both forms; see above.



Raises an exception if the number of arguments is eight, nine, or greater than ten.



Related: .local.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3697



static VALUE
time_s_mkutc(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    struct vtm vtm;

    time_arg(argc, argv, &vtm);
    return time_gmtime(time_new_timew(klass, timegmw(&vtm)));
}


  








  

    

      .local(year, month = 1, mday = 1, hour = 0, min = 0, sec = 0, usec = 0)  ⇒ Time 
      .local(sec, min, hour, mday, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy)  ⇒ Time 
    

    Also known as: .mktime
  



  

    

Like .utc, except that the returned Time object has the local timezone, not the UTC timezone:



# With seven arguments.
Time.local(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 0000-01-02 03:04:05.000006 -0600
# With exactly ten arguments.
Time.local(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
# => 0005-04-03 02:01:00 -0600


  





  


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# File 'time.c', line 3723



static VALUE
time_s_mktime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    struct vtm vtm;

    time_arg(argc, argv, &vtm);
    return time_localtime(time_new_timew(klass, timelocalw(&vtm)));
}


  








  

    

      .local(year, month = 1, mday = 1, hour = 0, min = 0, sec = 0, usec = 0)  ⇒ Time 
      .local(sec, min, hour, mday, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy)  ⇒ Time 
    

  



  

    

Alias for .local.


  









  

    .now(in: nil)  
  



  

    

Creates a new Time object from the current system time. This is the same as .new without arguments.



Time.now               # => 2009-06-24 12:39:54 +0900
Time.now(in: '+04:00') # => 2009-06-24 07:39:54 +0400



For forms of argument #zone, see Timezone Specifiers.


  



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# File 'timev.rb', line 264



def self.now(in: nil)
  Primitive.time_s_now(Primitive.arg!(:in))
end


  








  

    

      .utc(year, month = 1, mday = 1, hour = 0, min = 0, sec = 0, usec = 0)  ⇒ Time 
      .utc(sec, min, hour, mday, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy)  ⇒ Time 
    

  



  

    

Alias for .gm.


  





  







Instance Attribute Details



  

    #dst?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)    Also known as: #isdst
  



  

    

Returns true if self is in daylight saving time, false otherwise:



t = Time.local(2000, 1, 1) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
t.zone                     # => "Central Standard Time"
t.dst?                     # => false
t = Time.local(2000, 7, 1) # => 2000-07-01 00:00:00 -0500
t.zone                     # => "Central Daylight Time"
t.dst?                     # => true


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4951



static VALUE
time_isdst(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    if (tobj->vtm.isdst == VTM_ISDST_INITVAL) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "isdst is not set yet");
    }
    return RBOOL(tobj->vtm.isdst);
}


  








  

    #friday?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if self represents a Friday, false otherwise:



t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 7) # => 2000-01-07 00:00:00 UTC
t.friday?                # => true



Related: #saturday?, #sunday?, #monday?.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4892



static VALUE
time_friday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(5);
}


  








  

    #gmt?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)    Also known as: #utc?
  



  

    

Returns true if self represents a time in UTC (GMT):



now = Time.now
# => 2022-08-18 10:24:13.5398485 -0500
now.utc? # => false
utc = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1)
# => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
utc.utc? # => true



Related: .utc.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 3972



static VALUE
time_utc_p(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return RBOOL(TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj));
}


  








  

    

      #dst?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)
      #isdst  ⇒ Boolean 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #dst?.


  





  








  

    #monday?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if self represents a Monday, false otherwise:



t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 3) # => 2000-01-03 00:00:00 UTC
t.monday?                # => true



Related: #tuesday?, #wednesday?, #thursday?.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4820



static VALUE
time_monday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(1);
}


  








  

    #saturday?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if self represents a Saturday, false otherwise:



t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
t.saturday?              # => true



Related: #sunday?, #monday?, #tuesday?.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4910



static VALUE
time_saturday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(6);
}


  








  

    #sunday?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if self represents a Sunday, false otherwise:



t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 2) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 UTC
t.sunday?                # => true



Related: #monday?, #tuesday?, #wednesday?.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4802



static VALUE
time_sunday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(0);
}


  








  

    #thursday?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if self represents a Thursday, false otherwise:



t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 6) # => 2000-01-06 00:00:00 UTC
t.thursday?              # => true



Related: #friday?, #saturday?, #sunday?.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4874



static VALUE
time_thursday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(4);
}


  








  

    #tuesday?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if self represents a Tuesday, false otherwise:



t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 4) # => 2000-01-04 00:00:00 UTC
t.tuesday?               # => true



Related: #wednesday?, #thursday?, #friday?.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4838



static VALUE
time_tuesday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(2);
}


  








  

    

      #gmt?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)
      #utc?  ⇒ Boolean 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #gmt?.


  





  








  

    #wednesday?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if self represents a Wednesday, false otherwise:



t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 5) # => 2000-01-05 00:00:00 UTC
t.wednesday?             # => true



Related: #thursday?, #friday?, #saturday?.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4856



static VALUE
time_wednesday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(3);
}


  







Instance Method Details



  

    #+(numeric)  ⇒ Time   



  

    

Returns a new Time object whose value is the sum of the numeric value of self and the given numeric:



t = Time.new(2000) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
t + (60 * 60 * 24) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 -0600
t + 0.5            # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00.5 -0600



Related: #-.


  



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# File 'time.c', line 4409



static VALUE
time_plus(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    GetTimeval(time1, tobj);

    if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "time + time?");
    }
    return time_add(tobj, time1, time2, 1);
}


  








  

    

      #-(numeric)  ⇒ Time 
      #-(other_time)  ⇒ Float 
    

  



  

    

When numeric is given, returns a new Time object whose value is the difference of the numeric value of self and numeric:



t = Time.new(2000) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
t - (60 * 60 * 24) # => 1999-12-31 00:00:00 -0600
t - 0.5            # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600



When other_time is given, returns a ::Float whose value is the difference of the numeric values of self and other_time in seconds:



t - t # => 0.0



Related: #+.


  





  


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# File 'time.c', line 4443



static VALUE
time_minus(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj);
    if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
        struct time_object *tobj2;

        GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
        return rb_Float(rb_time_unmagnify_to_float(wsub(tobj->timew, tobj2->timew)));
    }
    return time_add(tobj, time1, time2, -1);
}


  








  

    #<=>(other_time)  ⇒ 1, ...   



  

    

Compares self with other_time; returns:


  • 

    -1, if self is less than other_time.
    

  • 

    0, if self is equal to other_time.
    

  • 

    1, if self is greater then other_time.
    

  • 

    nil, if self and other_time are incomparable.
    




Examples:



t = Time.now     # => 2007-11-19 08:12:12 -0600
t2 = t + 2592000 # => 2007-12-19 08:12:12 -0600
t <=> t2         # => -1
t2 <=> t         # => 1

t = Time.now     # => 2007-11-19 08:13:38 -0600
t2 = t + 0.1     # => 2007-11-19 08:13:38 -0600
t.nsec           # => 98222999
t2.nsec          # => 198222999
t <=> t2         # => -1
t2 <=> t         # => 1
t <=> t          # => 0


  



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# File 'time.c', line 3916



static VALUE
time_cmp(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
{
    struct time_object *tobj1, *tobj2;
    int n;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj1);
    if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
        GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
        n = wcmp(tobj1->timew, tobj2->timew);
    }
    else {
        return rb_invcmp(time1, time2);
    }
    if (n == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
    if (n > 0) return INT2FIX(1);
    return INT2FIX(-1);
}


  








  

    #_dump(*args)   (private)
  

  

    This method is for internal use only.
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 5477



static VALUE
time_dump(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE str;

    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
    str = time_mdump(time);

    return str;
}


  








  

    #_load(str)   (private)
  

  

    This method is for internal use only.
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 5663



static VALUE
time_load(VALUE klass, VALUE str)
{
    VALUE time = time_s_alloc(klass);

    time_mload(time, str);
    return time;
}


  








  

    

      #ctime  ⇒ String 
      #asctime  ⇒ String 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #ctime.


  





  








  

    #ceil(ndigits = 0)  ⇒ Time   



  

    

Returns a new Time object whose numerical value is greater than or equal to self with its seconds truncated to precision ndigits:



t = Time.utc(2010, 3, 30, 5, 43, 25.123456789r)
t          # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
t.ceil     # => 2010-03-30 05:43:26 UTC
t.ceil(2)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.13 UTC
t.ceil(4)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1235 UTC
t.ceil(6)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123457 UTC
t.ceil(8)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12345679 UTC
t.ceil(10) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC

t = Time.utc(1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
t              # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.4).ceil # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 0.9).ceil # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.4).ceil # => 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC
(t + 1.9).ceil # => 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC



Related: #floor, #round.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4594



static VALUE
time_ceil(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE ndigits, v, den;
    struct time_object *tobj;

    if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
        den = INT2FIX(1);
    else
        den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

    v = modv(v, den);
    if (!rb_equal(v, INT2FIX(0))) {
        v = subv(den, v);
    }
    return time_add(tobj, time, v, 1);
}


  








  

    #ctime  ⇒ String     Also known as: #asctime
  



  

    

Returns a string representation of self, formatted by strftime('%a %b %e %T %Y') or its shorthand version strftime('%c'); see Formats for Dates and Times:



t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0.5)
t.ctime                      # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.strftime('%a %b %e %T %Y') # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.strftime('%c')             # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"



Related: #to_s, #inspect:



t.inspect                    # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +000001"
t.to_s                       # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59 +0000"


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4283



static VALUE
time_asctime(VALUE time)
{
    return strftimev("%a %b %e %T %Y", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
}


  








  

    #day  ⇒ Integer     Also known as: #mday
  



  

    

Returns the integer day of the month for self, in range (1..31):



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.mday # => 2



Related: #year, #hour, #min.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4704



static VALUE
time_mday(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday);
}


  








  

    #deconstruct_keys(array_of_names_or_nil)  ⇒ Hash   



  

    

Returns a hash of the name/value pairs, to use in pattern matching. Possible keys are: :year, :month, :day, :yday, :wday, :hour, :min, :sec, :subsec, :dst, :zone.



Possible usages:



t = Time.utc(2022, 10, 5, 21, 25, 30)

if t in wday: 3, day: ..7  # uses deconstruct_keys underneath
  puts "first Wednesday of the month"
end
#=> prints "first Wednesday of the month"

case t
in year: ...2022
  puts "too old"
in month: ..9
  puts "quarter 1-3"
in wday: 1..5, month:
  puts "working day in month #{month}"
end
#=> prints "working day in month 10"



Note that deconstruction by pattern can also be combined with class check:



if t in Time(wday: 3, day: ..7)
  puts "first Wednesday of the month"
end


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 5092



static VALUE
time_deconstruct_keys(VALUE time, VALUE keys)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    VALUE h;
    long i;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);

    if (NIL_P(keys)) {
        h = rb_hash_new_with_size(11);

        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_year, tobj->vtm.year);
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_month, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_day, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_yday, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_wday, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.wday));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_hour, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_min, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_sec, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_subsec,
                     quov(w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE))), INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE)));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_dst, RBOOL(tobj->vtm.isdst));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_zone, time_zone(time));

        return h;
    }
    if (UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(keys, T_ARRAY))) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
                 "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Array or nil)",
                 rb_obj_class(keys));

    }

    h = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(keys));

    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
        VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);

        if (sym_year == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, tobj->vtm.year);
        if (sym_month == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon));
        if (sym_day == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday));
        if (sym_yday == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday));
        if (sym_wday == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.wday));
        if (sym_hour == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour));
        if (sym_min == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min));
        if (sym_sec == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec));
        if (sym_subsec == key) {
            rb_hash_aset(h, key, quov(w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE))), INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE)));
        }
        if (sym_dst == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, RBOOL(tobj->vtm.isdst));
        if (sym_zone == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, time_zone(time));
    }
    return h;
}


  








  

    #eql?(other_time)    



  

    

Returns true if self and other_time are both Time objects with the exact same time value.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3943



static VALUE
time_eql(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
{
    struct time_object *tobj1, *tobj2;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj1);
    if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
        GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
        return rb_equal(w2v(tobj1->timew), w2v(tobj2->timew));
    }
    return Qfalse;
}


  








  

    #floor(ndigits = 0)  ⇒ Time   



  

    

Returns a new Time object whose numerical value is less than or equal to self with its seconds truncated to precision ndigits:



t = Time.utc(2010, 3, 30, 5, 43, 25.123456789r)
t           # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
t.floor     # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
t.floor(2)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12 UTC
t.floor(4)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1234 UTC
t.floor(6)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456 UTC
t.floor(8)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12345678 UTC
t.floor(10) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC

t = Time.utc(1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
t               # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.4).floor # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.9).floor # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 1.4).floor # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.9).floor # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC



Related: #ceil, #round.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4549



static VALUE
time_floor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE ndigits, v, den;
    struct time_object *tobj;

    if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
        den = INT2FIX(1);
    else
        den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

    v = modv(v, den);
    return time_add(tobj, time, v, -1);
}


  








  

    #getutc  ⇒ Time     Also known as: #getutc
  



  

    

Returns a new Time object representing the value of self converted to the UTC timezone:



local = Time.local(2000) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
local.utc?               # => false
utc = local.getutc       # => 2000-01-01 06:00:00 UTC
utc.utc?                 # => true
utc == local             # => true


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4245



static VALUE
time_getgmtime(VALUE time)
{
    return time_gmtime(time_dup(time));
}


  








  

    #getlocal(zone = nil)  ⇒ Time   



  

    

Returns a new Time object representing the value of self converted to a given timezone; if #zone is nil, the local timezone is used:



t = Time.utc(2000)                    # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
t.getlocal                            # => 1999-12-31 18:00:00 -0600
t.getlocal('+12:00')                  # => 2000-01-01 12:00:00 +1200



For forms of argument #zone, see Timezone Specifiers.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4198



static VALUE
time_getlocaltime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE off;

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(off = argv[0])) {
        VALUE zone = off;
        if (maybe_tzobj_p(zone)) {
            VALUE t = time_dup(time);
            if (zone_localtime(off, t)) return t;
        }

        if (NIL_P(off = utc_offset_arg(off))) {
            off = zone;
            if (NIL_P(zone = find_timezone(time, off))) invalid_utc_offset(off);
            time = time_dup(time);
            if (!zone_localtime(zone, time)) invalid_utc_offset(off);
            return time;
        }
        else if (off == UTC_ZONE) {
            return time_gmtime(time_dup(time));
        }
        validate_utc_offset(off);

        time = time_dup(time);
        time_set_utc_offset(time, off);
        return time_fixoff(time);
    }

    return time_localtime(time_dup(time));
}


  








  

    

      #getutc  ⇒ Time 
      #getutc  ⇒ Time 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #getgm.


  





  








  

    

      #utc_offset  ⇒ Integer 
      #gmt_offset  ⇒ Integer 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #gmtoff.


  





  








  

    

      #utc  ⇒ self 
      #gmtime  ⇒ self 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #utc.


  





  








  

    #utc_offset  ⇒ Integer     Also known as: #gmt_offset, #utc_offset
  



  

    

Returns the offset in seconds between the timezones of UTC and self:



Time.utc(2000, 1, 1).utc_offset   # => 0
Time.local(2000, 1, 1).utc_offset # => -21600 # -6*3600, or minus six hours.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 5006



VALUE
rb_time_utc_offset(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);

    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
        return INT2FIX(0);
    }
    else {
        MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
        return tobj->vtm.utc_offset;
    }
}


  








  

    #hash  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the integer hash code for self.



Related: Object#hash.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3990



static VALUE
time_hash(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return rb_hash(w2v(tobj->timew));
}


  








  

    #hour  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the integer hour of the day for self, in range (0..23):



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.hour # => 3



Related: #year, #mon, #min.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4680



static VALUE
time_hour(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour);
}


  








  

    #initialize_copy(time)  
  

  

    This method is for internal use only.
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4000



static VALUE
time_init_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj, *tcopy;

    if (!OBJ_INIT_COPY(copy, time)) return copy;
    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    GetNewTimeval(copy, tcopy);
    MEMCPY(tcopy, tobj, struct time_object, 1);

    return copy;
}


  








  

    #inspect  ⇒ String   



  

    

Returns a string representation of self with subseconds:



t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0.5)
t.inspect # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +000001"



Related: #ctime, #to_s:



t.ctime   # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.to_s    # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59 +0000"


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4333



static VALUE
time_inspect(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    VALUE str, subsec;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    str = strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
    subsec = w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE)));
    if (subsec == INT2FIX(0)) {
    }
    else if (FIXNUM_P(subsec) && FIX2LONG(subsec) < TIME_SCALE) {
        long len;
        rb_str_catf(str, ".%09ld", FIX2LONG(subsec));
        for (len=RSTRING_LEN(str); RSTRING_PTR(str)[len-1] == '0' && len > 0; len--)
            ;
        rb_str_resize(str, len);
    }
    else {
        rb_str_cat_cstr(str, " ");
        subsec = quov(subsec, INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE));
        rb_str_concat(str, rb_obj_as_string(subsec));
    }
    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
        rb_str_cat_cstr(str, " UTC");
    }
    else {
        /* ?TODO: subsecond offset */
        long off = NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(tobj->vtm.utc_offset, rb_intern("round"), 0));
        char sign = (off < 0) ? (off = -off, '-') : '+';
        int sec = off % 60;
        int min = (off /= 60) % 60;
        off /= 60;
        rb_str_catf(str, " %c%.2d%.2d", sign, (int)off, min);
        if (sec) rb_str_catf(str, "%.2d", sec);
    }
    return str;
}


  








  

    #iso8601(*args)  
    Also known as: #xmlschema
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 5221



static VALUE
time_xmlschema(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    long fraction_digits = 0;
    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
    if (argc > 0) {
        fraction_digits = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
        if (fraction_digits < 0) {
            fraction_digits = 0;
        }
    }

    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);

    const long size_after_year = sizeof("-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZH:ZM") + fraction_digits
        + (fraction_digits > 0);
    VALUE str;
    char *ptr;

# define fill_digits_long(len, prec, n) \
    for (int fill_it = 1, written = snprintf(ptr, len, "%0*ld", prec, n); \
         fill_it; ptr += written, fill_it = 0)

    if (FIXNUM_P(tobj->vtm.year)) {
        long year = FIX2LONG(tobj->vtm.year);
        int year_width = (year < 0) + rb_strlen_lit("YYYY");
        int w = (year >= -9999 && year <= 9999 ? year_width : (year < 0) + (int)DECIMAL_SIZE_OF(year));
        str = rb_usascii_str_new(0, w + size_after_year);
        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
        fill_digits_long(w + 1, year_width, year) {
            if (year >= -9999 && year <= 9999) {
                RUBY_ASSERT(written == year_width);
            }
            else {
                RUBY_ASSERT(written >= year_width);
                RUBY_ASSERT(written <= w);
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        str = rb_int2str(tobj->vtm.year, 10);
        rb_str_modify_expand(str, size_after_year);
        ptr = RSTRING_END(str);
    }

# define fill_2(c, n) (*ptr++ = c, *ptr++ = '0' + (n) / 10, *ptr++ = '0' + (n) % 10)
    fill_2('-', tobj->vtm.mon);
    fill_2('-', tobj->vtm.mday);
    fill_2('T', tobj->vtm.hour);
    fill_2(':', tobj->vtm.min);
    fill_2(':', tobj->vtm.sec);

    if (fraction_digits > 0) {
        VALUE subsecx = tobj->vtm.subsecx;
        long subsec;
        int digits = -1;
        *ptr++ = '.';
        if (fraction_digits <= TIME_SCALE_NUMDIGITS) {
            digits = TIME_SCALE_NUMDIGITS - (int)fraction_digits;
        }
        else {
            long w = fraction_digits - TIME_SCALE_NUMDIGITS; /* > 0 */
            subsecx = mulv(subsecx, rb_int_positive_pow(10, (unsigned long)w));
            if (!RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(subsecx)) { /* maybe Rational */
                subsecx = rb_Integer(subsecx);
            }
            if (FIXNUM_P(subsecx)) digits = 0;
        }
        if (digits >= 0 && fraction_digits < INT_MAX) {
            subsec = NUM2LONG(subsecx);
            if (digits > 0) subsec /= (long)pow(10, digits);
            fill_digits_long(fraction_digits + 1, (int)fraction_digits, subsec) {
                RUBY_ASSERT(written == (int)fraction_digits);
            }
        }
        else {
            subsecx = rb_int2str(subsecx, 10);
            long len = RSTRING_LEN(subsecx);
            if (fraction_digits > len) {
                memset(ptr, '0', fraction_digits - len);
            }
            else {
                len = fraction_digits;
            }
            ptr += fraction_digits;
            memcpy(ptr - len, RSTRING_PTR(subsecx), len);
        }
    }

    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
        *ptr = 'Z';
        ptr++;
    }
    else {
        long offset = NUM2LONG(rb_time_utc_offset(time));
        char sign = offset < 0 ? '-' : '+';
        if (offset < 0) offset = -offset;
        offset /= 60;
        fill_2(sign, offset / 60);
        fill_2(':', offset % 60);
    }
    const char *const start = RSTRING_PTR(str);
    rb_str_set_len(str, ptr - start); // We could skip coderange scanning as we know it's full ASCII.
    return str;
}


  








  

    

      #localtime  ⇒ self, Time 
      #localtime(zone)  ⇒ Time 
    

  



  

    

With no argument given:


  • 

    Returns self if self is a local time.
    

  • 

    Otherwise returns a new Time in the user’s local timezone:
    


    t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
t.localtime                         # => 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600
    




With argument #zone given, returns the new Time object created by converting self to the given time zone:



t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
t.localtime("-09:00")               # => 2000-01-01 11:15:01 -0900



For forms of argument #zone, see Timezone Specifiers.


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4097



static VALUE
time_localtime_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE off;

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(off = argv[0])) {
        return time_zonelocal(time, off);
    }

    return time_localtime(time);
}


  








  

    

      #day  ⇒ Integer 
      #mday  ⇒ Integer 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #day.


  





  








  

    #min  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the integer minute of the hour for self, in range (0..59):



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.min # => 4



Related: #year, #mon, #sec.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4656



static VALUE
time_min(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min);
}


  








  

    #mon  ⇒ Integer     Also known as: #month
  



  

    

Returns the integer month of the year for self, in range (1..12):



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.mon # => 1



Related: #year, #hour, #min.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4728



static VALUE
time_mon(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon);
}


  








  

    

      #mon  ⇒ Integer 
      #month  ⇒ Integer 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #mon.


  





  








  

    #nsec  ⇒ Integer     Also known as: #tv_nsec
  



  

    

Returns the number of nanoseconds in the subseconds part of self in the range (0..999_999_999); lower-order digits are truncated, not rounded:



t = Time.now # => 2022-07-11 15:04:53.3219637 -0500
t.nsec       # => 321963700



Related: #subsec (returns exact subseconds).


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3853



static VALUE
time_nsec(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return rb_to_int(w2v(wmulquoll(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2WV(TIME_SCALE)), 1000000000, TIME_SCALE)));
}


  








  

    #round(ndigits = 0)  ⇒ Time   



  

    

Returns a new Time object whose numeric value is that of self, with its seconds value rounded to precision ndigits:



t = Time.utc(2010, 3, 30, 5, 43, 25.123456789r)
t          # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
t.round    # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
t.round(0) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
t.round(1) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1 UTC
t.round(2) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12 UTC
t.round(3) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123 UTC
t.round(4) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1235 UTC

t = Time.utc(1999, 12,31, 23, 59, 59)
t                # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.4).round  # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.49).round # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.5).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.4).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.49).round # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.5).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC



Related: #ceil, #floor.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4501



static VALUE
time_round(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE ndigits, v, den;
    struct time_object *tobj;

    if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
        den = INT2FIX(1);
    else
        den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

    v = modv(v, den);
    if (lt(v, quov(den, INT2FIX(2))))
        return time_add(tobj, time, v, -1);
    else
        return time_add(tobj, time, subv(den, v), 1);
}


  








  

    #sec  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the integer second of the minute for self, in range (0..60):



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.sec # => 5



Note: the second value may be 60 when there is a leap second.



Related: #year, #mon, #min.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4632



static VALUE
time_sec(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec);
}


  








  

    #strftime(format_string)  ⇒ String   



  

    

Returns a string representation of self, formatted according to the given string format. See Formats for Dates and Times.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 5189



static VALUE
time_strftime(VALUE time, VALUE format)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    const char *fmt;
    long len;
    rb_encoding *enc;
    VALUE tmp;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
    StringValue(format);
    if (!rb_enc_str_asciicompat_p(format)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "format should have ASCII compatible encoding");
    }
    tmp = rb_str_tmp_frozen_acquire(format);
    fmt = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
    len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
    enc = rb_enc_get(format);
    if (len == 0) {
        rb_warning("strftime called with empty format string");
        return rb_enc_str_new(0, 0, enc);
    }
    else {
        VALUE str = rb_strftime_alloc(fmt, len, enc, time, &tobj->vtm, tobj->timew,
                                      TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj));
        rb_str_tmp_frozen_release(format, tmp);
        if (!str) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid format: %"PRIsVALUE, format);
        return str;
    }
}


  








  

    #subsec  ⇒ Numeric   



  

    

Returns the exact subseconds for self as a ::Numeric (Integer or ::Rational):



t = Time.now # => 2022-07-11 15:11:36.8490302 -0500
t.subsec     # => (4245151/5000000)



If the subseconds is zero, returns integer zero:



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4) # => 2000-01-01 02:03:04 -0600
t.subsec                          # => 0


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3879



static VALUE
time_subsec(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return quov(w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE))), INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE));
}


  








  

    #to_a  ⇒ Array   



  

    

Returns a 10-element array of values representing self:



Time.utc(2000, 1, 1).to_a
# => [0,   0,   0,    1,   1,   2000, 6,    1,    false, "UTC"]
#    [sec, min, hour, day, mon, year, wday, yday, dst?,   zone]



The returned array is suitable for use as an argument to .utc or .local to create a new Time object.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 5037



static VALUE
time_to_a(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
    return rb_ary_new3(10,
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon),
                    tobj->vtm.year,
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.wday),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday),
                    RBOOL(tobj->vtm.isdst),
                    time_zone(time));
}


  








  

    #to_f  ⇒ Float   



  

    

Returns the value of self as a ::Float number Epoch seconds; subseconds are included.



The stored value of self is a Rational, which means that the returned value may be approximate:



Time.utc(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_f         # => 0.0
Time.utc(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 999999).to_f # => 0.999999
Time.utc(1950, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_f         # => -631152000.0
Time.utc(1990, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_f         # => 631152000.0



Related: #to_i, #to_r.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3777



static VALUE
time_to_f(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return rb_Float(rb_time_unmagnify_to_float(tobj->timew));
}


  








  

    #to_i  ⇒ Integer     Also known as: #tv_sec
  



  

    

Returns the value of self as integer Epoch seconds; subseconds are truncated (not rounded):



Time.utc(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_i         # => 0
Time.utc(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 999999).to_i # => 0
Time.utc(1950, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_i         # => -631152000
Time.utc(1990, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_i         # => 631152000



Related: #to_f #to_r.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3748



static VALUE
time_to_i(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return w2v(wdiv(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE)));
}


  








  

    #to_r  ⇒ Rational   



  

    

Returns the value of self as a ::Rational exact number of Epoch seconds;



Time.now.to_r # => (16571402750320203/10000000)



Related: #to_f, #to_i.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3798



static VALUE
time_to_r(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    VALUE v;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    v = rb_time_unmagnify_to_rational(tobj->timew);
    if (!RB_TYPE_P(v, T_RATIONAL)) {
        v = rb_Rational1(v);
    }
    return v;
}


  








  

    #to_s  ⇒ String   



  

    

Returns a string representation of self, without subseconds:



t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0.5)
t.to_s    # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59 +0000"



Related: #ctime, #inspect:



t.ctime   # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.inspect # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +000001"


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4305



static VALUE
time_to_s(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj))
        return strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
    else
        return strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
}


  








  

    

      #nsec  ⇒ Integer 
      #tv_nsec  ⇒ Integer 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #nsec.


  





  








  

    

      #to_i  ⇒ Integer 
      #tv_sec  ⇒ Integer 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #to_i.


  





  








  

    

      #usec  ⇒ Integer 
      #tv_usec  ⇒ Integer 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #usec.


  





  








  

    #usec  ⇒ Integer     Also known as: #tv_usec
  



  

    

Returns the number of microseconds in the subseconds part of self in the range (0..999_999); lower-order digits are truncated, not rounded:



t = Time.now # => 2022-07-11 14:59:47.5484697 -0500
t.usec       # => 548469



Related: #subsec (returns exact subseconds).


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 3826



static VALUE
time_usec(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    wideval_t w, q, r;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);

    w = wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2WV(TIME_SCALE));
    wmuldivmod(w, WINT2FIXWV(1000000), WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE), &q, &r);
    return rb_to_int(w2v(q));
}


  








  

    #utc  ⇒ self  (readonly)    Also known as: #gmtime
  



  

    

Returns self, converted to the UTC timezone:



t = Time.new(2000) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
t.utc?             # => false
t.utc              # => 2000-01-01 06:00:00 UTC
t.utc?             # => true



Related: #getutc (returns a new converted Time object).


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4123



static VALUE
time_gmtime(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    struct vtm vtm;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
        if (tobj->vtm.tm_got)
            return time;
    }
    else {
        time_modify(time);
    }

    vtm.zone = str_utc;
    GMTIMEW(tobj->timew, &vtm);
    time_set_vtm(time, tobj, vtm);

    tobj->vtm.tm_got = 1;
    TZMODE_SET_UTC(tobj);
    return time;
}


  








  

    

      #utc_offset  ⇒ Integer 
      #utc_offset  ⇒ Integer 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #gmtoff.


  





  








  

    #wday  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the integer day of the week for self, in range (0..6), with Sunday as zero.



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.wday    # => 0
t.sunday? # => true



Related: #year, #hour, #min.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4776



static VALUE
time_wday(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.wday != VTM_WDAY_INITVAL);
    return INT2FIX((int)tobj->vtm.wday);
}


  








  

    #xmlschema(*args)  
  



  

    

Alias for #iso8601.


  









  

    #yday  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the integer day of the year of self, in range (1..366).



Time.new(2000, 1, 1).yday   # => 1
Time.new(2000, 12, 31).yday # => 366


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4926



static VALUE
time_yday(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday);
}


  








  

    #year  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the integer year for self:



t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.year # => 2000



Related: #mon, #hour, #min.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4751



static VALUE
time_year(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return tobj->vtm.year;
}


  








  

    #zone  ⇒ String, Time   



  

    

Returns the string name of the time zone for self:



Time.utc(2000, 1, 1).zone # => "UTC"
Time.new(2000, 1, 1).zone # => "Central Standard Time"


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'time.c', line 4974



static VALUE
time_zone(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    VALUE zone;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);

    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
        return rb_usascii_str_new_cstr("UTC");
    }
    zone = tobj->vtm.zone;
    if (NIL_P(zone))
        return Qnil;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(zone, T_STRING))
        zone = rb_str_dup(zone);
    return zone;
}