Class: Net::HTTP
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Namespace Children | |
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Modules:
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Classes:
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| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
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Class Chain:
self,
Protocol
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Instance Chain:
self,
Protocol
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| Inherits: |
Protocol
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| Defined in: | lib/net/http.rb, lib/net/http/backward.rb |
Overview
An HTTP client API for Ruby.
HTTP provides a rich library which can be used to build HTTP user-agents. For more details about HTTP see RFC2616.
HTTP is designed to work closely with URI. URI::HTTP#host, URI::HTTP#port and URI::HTTP#request_uri are designed to work with HTTP.
If you are only performing a few GET requests you should try OpenURI.
Simple Examples
All examples assume you have loaded HTTP with:
require 'net/http'
This will also require ‘uri’ so you don’t need to require it separately.
The HTTP methods in the following section do not persist connections. They are not recommended if you are performing many HTTP requests.
GET
Net::HTTP.get('example.com', '/index.html') # => String
GET by URI
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?count=10')
Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String
GET with Dynamic Parameters
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html')
params = { :limit => 10, :page => 3 }
uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
puts res.body if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
POST
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi')
res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => 'ruby', 'max' => '50')
puts res.body
POST with Multiple Values
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi')
res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => ['ruby', 'perl'], 'max' => '50')
puts res.body
How to use HTTP
The following example code can be used as the basis of an HTTP user-agent which can perform a variety of request types using persistent connections.
uri = URI('http://example.com/some_path?query=string')
Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http|
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri
response = http.request request # Net::HTTPResponse object
end
.start immediately creates a connection to an HTTP server which is kept open for the duration of the block. The connection will remain open for multiple requests in the block if the server indicates it supports persistent connections.
If you wish to re-use a connection across multiple HTTP requests without automatically closing it you can use .new and then call #start and #finish manually.
The request types HTTP supports are listed below in the section “HTTP Request Classes”.
For all the HTTP request objects and shortcut request methods you may supply either a String for the request path or a URI from which HTTP will extract the request path.
Response Data
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html')
res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
# Headers
res['Set-Cookie'] # => String
res.get_fields('set-cookie') # => Array
res.to_hash['set-cookie'] # => Array
puts "Headers: #{res.to_hash.inspect}"
# Status
puts res.code # => '200'
puts res. # => 'OK'
puts res.class.name # => 'HTTPOK'
# Body
puts res.body if res.response_body_permitted?
Following Redirection
Each HTTPResponse object belongs to a class for its response code.
For example, all 2XX responses are instances of a HTTPSuccess subclass, a 3XX response is an instance of a HTTPRedirection subclass and a 200 response is an instance of the HTTPOK class. For details of response classes, see the section “HTTP Response Classes” below.
Using a case statement you can handle various types of responses properly:
def fetch(uri_str, limit = 10)
# You should choose a better exception.
raise ArgumentError, 'too many HTTP redirects' if limit == 0
response = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI(uri_str))
case response
when Net::HTTPSuccess then
response
when Net::HTTPRedirection then
location = response['location']
warn "redirected to #{location}"
fetch(location, limit - 1)
else
response.value
end
end
print fetch('http://www.ruby-lang.org')
POST
A POST can be made using the Post request class. This example creates a URL encoded POST body:
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/todo.cgi')
req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
req.set_form_data('from' => '2005-01-01', 'to' => '2005-03-31')
res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) do |http|
http.request(req)
end
case res
when Net::HTTPSuccess, Net::HTTPRedirection
# OK
else
res.value
end
To send multipart/form-data use HTTPHeader#set_form:
req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
req.set_form([['upload', File.open('foo.bar')]], 'multipart/form-data')
Other requests that can contain a body such as PUT can be created in the same way using the corresponding request class (Net::HTTP::Put).
Setting Headers
The following example performs a conditional GET using the If-Modified-Since header. If the files has not been modified since the time in the header a Not Modified response will be returned. See RFC 2616 section 9.3 for further details.
uri = URI('http://example.com/cached_response')
file = File.stat 'cached_response'
req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
req['If-Modified-Since'] = file.mtime.rfc2822
res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) {|http|
http.request(req)
}
open 'cached_response', 'w' do |io|
io.write res.body
end if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
Basic Authentication
Basic authentication is performed according to RFC2617.
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?key=value')
req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
req.basic_auth 'user', 'pass'
res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) {|http|
http.request(req)
}
puts res.body
Streaming Response Bodies
By default HTTP reads an entire response into memory. If you are handling large files or wish to implement a progress bar you can instead stream the body directly to an IO.
uri = URI('http://example.com/large_file')
Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http|
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri
http.request request do |response|
open 'large_file', 'w' do |io|
response.read_body do |chunk|
io.write chunk
end
end
end
end
HTTPS
HTTPS is enabled for an HTTP connection by #use_ssl=.
uri = URI('https://secure.example.com/some_path?query=string')
Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port, :use_ssl => true) do |http|
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri
response = http.request request # Net::HTTPResponse object
end
Or if you simply want to make a GET request, you may pass in an URI object that has an HTTPS URL. HTTP automatically turns on TLS verification if the URI object has a ‘https’ URI scheme.
uri = URI('https://example.com/')
Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String
In previous versions of Ruby you would need to require ‘net/https’ to use HTTPS. This is no longer true.
Proxies
HTTP will automatically create a proxy from the http_proxy environment variable if it is present. To disable use of http_proxy, pass nil for the proxy address.
You may also create a custom proxy:
proxy_addr = 'your.proxy.host'
proxy_port = 8080
Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, proxy_addr, proxy_port).start { |http|
# always proxy via your.proxy.addr:8080
}
See .new for further details and examples such as proxies that require a username and password.
Compression
HTTP automatically adds Accept-Encoding for compression of response bodies and automatically decompresses gzip and deflate responses unless a Range header was sent.
Compression can be disabled through the Accept-Encoding: identity header.
HTTP Request Classes
Here is the HTTP request class hierarchy.
-
-
Net::HTTP::Get
-
Net::HTTP::Head
-
Net::HTTP::Post
-
Net::HTTP::Patch
-
Net::HTTP::Put
-
Net::HTTP::Proppatch
-
Net::HTTP::Lock
-
Net::HTTP::Unlock
-
Net::HTTP::Options
-
Net::HTTP::Propfind
-
Net::HTTP::Delete
-
Net::HTTP::Move
-
Net::HTTP::Copy
-
Net::HTTP::Mkcol
-
Net::HTTP::Trace
-
HTTP Response Classes
Here is HTTP response class hierarchy. All classes are defined in ::Net module and are subclasses of HTTPResponse.
- HTTPUnknownResponse
-
For unhandled
HTTPextensions - HTTPInformation
-
1xx
- HTTPContinue
-
100
- HTTPSwitchProtocol
-
101
- HTTPSuccess
-
2xx
- HTTPOK
-
200
- HTTPCreated
-
201
- HTTPAccepted
-
202
- HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation
-
203
- HTTPNoContent
-
204
- HTTPResetContent
-
205
- HTTPPartialContent
-
206
- HTTPMultiStatus
-
207
- HTTPIMUsed
-
226
- HTTPRedirection
-
3xx
- HTTPMultipleChoices
-
300
- HTTPMovedPermanently
-
301
- HTTPFound
-
302
- HTTPSeeOther
-
303
- HTTPNotModified
-
304
- HTTPUseProxy
-
305
- HTTPTemporaryRedirect
-
307
- HTTPClientError
-
4xx
- HTTPBadRequest
-
400
- HTTPUnauthorized
-
401
- HTTPPaymentRequired
-
402
- HTTPForbidden
-
403
- HTTPNotFound
-
404
- HTTPMethodNotAllowed
-
405
- HTTPNotAcceptable
-
406
- HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired
-
407
- HTTPRequestTimeOut
-
408
- HTTPConflict
-
409
- HTTPGone
-
410
- HTTPLengthRequired
-
411
- HTTPPreconditionFailed
-
412
- HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge
-
413
- HTTPRequestURITooLong
-
414
- HTTPUnsupportedMediaType
-
415
- HTTPRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable
-
416
- HTTPExpectationFailed
-
417
- HTTPUnprocessableEntity
-
422
- HTTPLocked
-
423
- HTTPFailedDependency
-
424
- HTTPUpgradeRequired
-
426
- HTTPPreconditionRequired
-
428
- HTTPTooManyRequests
-
429
- HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge
-
431
- HTTPUnavailableForLegalReasons
-
451
- HTTPServerError
-
5xx
- HTTPInternalServerError
-
500
- HTTPNotImplemented
-
501
- HTTPBadGateway
-
502
- HTTPServiceUnavailable
-
503
- HTTPGatewayTimeOut
-
504
- HTTPVersionNotSupported
-
505
- HTTPInsufficientStorage
-
507
- HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired
-
511
There is also the HTTPBadResponse exception which is raised when there is a protocol error.
Constant Summary
-
ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE =
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1146false -
HTTPVersion =
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 392'1.1' -
IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_ =
Internal use only
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1513%w/GET HEAD PUT DELETE OPTIONS TRACE/ -
ProxyMod =
Internal use only
# File 'lib/net/http/backward.rb', line 7ProxyDelta -
Revision =
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 391%q$Revision$.split[1]
-
SSL_ATTRIBUTES =
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 848[ :ca_file, :ca_path, :cert, :cert_store, :ciphers, :key, :ssl_timeout, :ssl_version, :min_version, :max_version, :verify_callback, :verify_depth, :verify_mode, ]
-
SSL_IVNAMES =
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 833[ :@ca_file, :@ca_path, :@cert, :@cert_store, :@ciphers, :@key, :@ssl_timeout, :@ssl_version, :@min_version, :@max_version, :@verify_callback, :@verify_depth, :@verify_mode, ]
-
STATUS_CODES =
# File 'lib/net/http/status.rb', line 22{ 100 => 'Continue', 101 => 'Switching Protocols', 102 => 'Processing', 103 => 'Early Hints', 200 => 'OK', 201 => 'Created', 202 => 'Accepted', 203 => 'Non-Authoritative Information', 204 => 'No Content', 205 => 'Reset Content', 206 => 'Partial Content', 207 => 'Multi-Status', 208 => 'Already Reported', 226 => 'IM Used', 300 => 'Multiple Choices', 301 => 'Moved Permanently', 302 => 'Found', 303 => 'See Other', 304 => 'Not Modified', 305 => 'Use Proxy', 307 => 'Temporary Redirect', 308 => 'Permanent Redirect', 400 => 'Bad Request', 401 => 'Unauthorized', 402 => 'Payment Required', 403 => 'Forbidden', 404 => 'Not Found', 405 => 'Method Not Allowed', 406 => 'Not Acceptable', 407 => 'Proxy Authentication Required', 408 => 'Request Timeout', 409 => 'Conflict', 410 => 'Gone', 411 => 'Length Required', 412 => 'Precondition Failed', 413 => 'Payload Too Large', 414 => 'URI Too Long', 415 => 'Unsupported Media Type', 416 => 'Range Not Satisfiable', 417 => 'Expectation Failed', 421 => 'Misdirected Request', 422 => 'Unprocessable Entity', 423 => 'Locked', 424 => 'Failed Dependency', 426 => 'Upgrade Required', 428 => 'Precondition Required', 429 => 'Too Many Requests', 431 => 'Request Header Fields Too Large', 451 => 'Unavailable For Legal Reasons', 500 => 'Internal Server Error', 501 => 'Not Implemented', 502 => 'Bad Gateway', 503 => 'Service Unavailable', 504 => 'Gateway Timeout', 505 => 'HTTP Version Not Supported', 506 => 'Variant Also Negotiates', 507 => 'Insufficient Storage', 508 => 'Loop Detected', 510 => 'Not Extended', 511 => 'Network Authentication Required', }
Class Attribute Summary
-
.proxy_address
readonly
Address of proxy host.
-
.proxy_class? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
returns true if self is a class which was created by
HTTP::Proxy. -
.proxy_pass
readonly
User password for accessing proxy.
-
.proxy_port
readonly
Port number of proxy host.
-
.proxy_user
readonly
User name for accessing proxy.
-
.version_1_2
readonly
Turns on net/http 1.2 (Ruby 1.8) features.
-
.version_1_2? ⇒ Boolean
(also: .is_version_1_2?)
readonly
Returns true if net/http is in version 1.2 mode.
-
.is_version_1_1?
readonly
Internal use only
Alias for .version_1_1?.
-
.is_version_1_2?
readonly
Internal use only
Alias for .version_1_2?.
- .version_1_1? ⇒ Boolean (also: .is_version_1_1?) readonly Internal use only
Class Method Summary
-
.default_port
The default port to use for
HTTPrequests; defaults to 80. -
.get(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil)
Sends a GET request to the target and returns the
HTTPresponse as a string. -
.get_print(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil)
Gets the body text from the target and outputs it to $stdout.
-
.get_response(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil, &block)
Sends a GET request to the target and returns the
HTTPresponse as aHTTPResponseobject. -
.http_default_port
The default port to use for
HTTPrequests; defaults to 80. -
.https_default_port
The default port to use for HTTPS requests; defaults to 443.
-
.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_no_proxy = nil) ⇒ HTTP
constructor
Creates a new
HTTPobject without opening a TCP connection orHTTPsession. -
.post(url, data, header = nil)
Posts data to the specified URI object.
-
.post_form(url, params)
Posts HTML form data to the specified URI object.
-
Proxy(p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil)
Creates an
HTTPproxy class which behaves likeHTTP, but performs all access via the specified proxy. -
.start(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass, &block)
Creates a new
HTTPobject, then additionally opens the TCP connection andHTTPsession. - .newobj Internal use only
-
.socket_type
Internal use only
obsolete.
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#address
readonly
The DNS host name or IP address to connect to.
-
#ca_file
rw
Sets path of a CA certification file in PEM format.
-
#ca_path
rw
Sets path of a CA certification directory containing certifications in PEM format.
-
#cert
rw
Sets an
OpenSSL::X509::Certificateobject as client certificate. -
#cert_store
rw
Sets the
X509::Storeto verify peer certificate. -
#ciphers
rw
Sets the available ciphers.
- #close_on_empty_response rw
-
#continue_timeout
rw
Seconds to wait for 100 Continue response.
-
#continue_timeout=(sec)
rw
Setter for the continue_timeout attribute.
-
#ipaddr
rw
The IP address to connect to/used to connect to.
-
#ipaddr=(addr)
rw
Set the IP address to connect to.
-
#keep_alive_timeout
rw
Seconds to reuse the connection of the previous request.
-
#key
rw
Sets an
OpenSSL::PKey::RSAorOpenSSL::PKey::DSAobject. -
#local_host
rw
The local host used to establish the connection.
-
#local_port
rw
The local port used to establish the connection.
- #max_retries rw
-
#max_retries=(retries)
rw
Maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request in case of
Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError,Errno::ECONNRESET,Errno::ECONNABORTED,Errno::EPIPE,OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError,Timeout::Error. -
#max_version
rw
Sets the maximum SSL version.
-
#min_version
rw
Sets the minimum SSL version.
-
#open_timeout
rw
Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open.
-
#port
readonly
The port number to connect to.
-
#proxy? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
True if requests for this connection will be proxied.
-
#proxy_address
(also: #proxyaddr)
rw
The address of the proxy server, if one is configured.
- #proxy_address=(value) rw
- #proxy_from_env=(value) rw
-
#proxy_from_env? ⇒ Boolean
rw
True if the proxy for this connection is determined from the environment.
-
#proxy_pass
rw
The password of the proxy server, if one is configured.
- #proxy_pass=(value) rw
-
#proxy_port
(also: #proxyport)
rw
The port of the proxy server, if one is configured.
- #proxy_port=(value) rw
-
#proxy_user
rw
The username of the proxy server, if one is configured.
- #proxy_user=(value) rw
-
#read_timeout
rw
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call).
-
#read_timeout=(sec)
rw
Setter for the read_timeout attribute.
-
#ssl_timeout
rw
Sets the SSL timeout seconds.
-
#ssl_version
rw
Sets the SSL version.
-
#started? ⇒ Boolean
(also: #active?)
readonly
Returns true if the
HTTPsession has been started. -
#use_ssl=(flag)
rw
Turn on/off SSL.
-
#use_ssl? ⇒ Boolean
rw
Returns true if SSL/TLS is being used with
HTTP. -
#verify_callback
rw
Sets the verify callback for the server certification verification.
-
#verify_depth
rw
Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.
-
#verify_mode
rw
Sets the flags for server the certification verification at beginning of SSL/TLS session.
-
#write_timeout
rw
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be written (via one write(2) call).
-
#write_timeout=(sec)
rw
Setter for the write_timeout attribute.
-
#active?
readonly
Internal use only
Alias for #started?.
-
#proxyaddr
readonly
Internal use only
Alias for #proxy_address.
-
#proxyport
readonly
Internal use only
Alias for #proxy_port.
Instance Method Summary
-
#copy(path, initheader = nil)
Sends a COPY request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#delete(path, initheader = {'Depth' => 'Infinity'})
Sends a DELETE request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#finish
Finishes the
HTTPsession and closes the TCP connection. -
#get(path, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block)
Retrieves data from
pathon the connected-to host which may be an absolute path String or a URI to extract the path from. -
#head(path, initheader = nil)
Gets only the header from
pathon the connected-to host. -
#initialize(address, port = nil) ⇒ HTTP
constructor
Creates a new
HTTPobject for the specified server address, without opening the TCP connection or initializing theHTTPsession. - #inspect
-
#lock(path, body, initheader = nil)
Sends a LOCK request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#mkcol(path, body = nil, initheader = nil)
Sends a MKCOL request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#move(path, initheader = nil)
Sends a MOVE request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#options(path, initheader = nil)
Sends a OPTIONS request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block)
Sends a PATCH request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#peer_cert
Returns the X.509 certificates the server presented.
-
#post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block)
Posts
data(must be a String) topath. -
#propfind(path, body = nil, initheader = {'Depth' => '0'})
Sends a PROPFIND request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#proppatch(path, body, initheader = nil)
Sends a PROPPATCH request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#request(req, body = nil, &block)
Sends an
HTTPRequestobjectreqto theHTTPserver. -
#request_get(path, initheader = nil, &block)
(also: #get2)
Sends a GET request to the
path. -
#request_head(path, initheader = nil, &block)
(also: #head2)
Sends a HEAD request to the
pathand returns the response as aHTTPResponseobject. -
#request_post(path, data, initheader = nil, &block)
(also: #post2)
Sends a POST request to the
path. -
#send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil)
Sends an
HTTPrequest to theHTTPserver. -
#set_debug_output(output)
WARNING This method opens a serious security hole.
-
#start
Opens a TCP connection and
HTTPsession. -
#trace(path, initheader = nil)
Sends a TRACE request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. -
#unlock(path, body, initheader = nil)
Sends a UNLOCK request to the
pathand gets a response, as anHTTPResponseobject. - #addr_port private
- #begin_transport(req) private
- #connect private
- D(msg) private
- #do_finish private
- #do_start private
- #edit_path(path) private
- #end_transport(req, res) private
- #keep_alive?(req, res) ⇒ Boolean private
- #on_connect private
-
#send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, type, &block)
private
Executes a request which uses a representation and returns its body.
- #sspi_auth(req) private
- #sspi_auth?(res) ⇒ Boolean private
- #transport_request(req) private
-
#get2(path, initheader = nil, &block)
Internal use only
Alias for #request_get.
-
#head2(path, initheader = nil, &block)
Internal use only
Alias for #request_head.
-
#post2(path, data, initheader = nil, &block)
Internal use only
Alias for #request_post.
-
#proxy_uri
Internal use only
The proxy URI determined from the environment for this connection.
- #put(path, data, initheader = nil) Internal use only
-
#put2(path, data, initheader = nil, &block)
Internal use only
Alias for #request_put.
- #request_put(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) (also: #put2) Internal use only
-
#conn_address
private
Internal use only
without proxy, obsolete.
- #conn_port private Internal use only
Constructor Details
.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_no_proxy = nil) ⇒ HTTP
Creates a new HTTP object without opening a TCP connection or HTTP session.
The #address should be a DNS hostname or IP address, the #port is the port the server operates on. If no #port is given the default port for HTTP or HTTPS is used.
If none of the p_ arguments are given, the proxy host and port are taken from the http_proxy environment variable (or its uppercase equivalent) if present. If the proxy requires authentication you must supply it by hand. See URI::Generic#find_proxy for details of proxy detection from the environment. To disable proxy detection set p_addr to nil.
If you are connecting to a custom proxy, p_addr specifies the DNS name or IP address of the proxy host, p_port the port to use to access the proxy, p_user and p_pass the username and password if authorization is required to use the proxy, and p_no_proxy hosts which do not use the proxy.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 633
def HTTP.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_no_proxy = nil) http = super address, port if proxy_class? then # from Net::HTTP::Proxy() http.proxy_from_env = @proxy_from_env http.proxy_address = @proxy_address http.proxy_port = @proxy_port http.proxy_user = @proxy_user http.proxy_pass = @proxy_pass elsif p_addr == :ENV then http.proxy_from_env = true else if p_addr && p_no_proxy && !URI::Generic.use_proxy?(p_addr, p_addr, p_port, p_no_proxy) p_addr = nil p_port = nil end http.proxy_address = p_addr http.proxy_port = p_port || default_port http.proxy_user = p_user http.proxy_pass = p_pass end http end
#initialize(address, port = nil) ⇒ HTTP
Creates a new HTTP object for the specified server address, without opening the TCP connection or initializing the HTTP session. The #address should be a DNS hostname or IP address.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 661
def initialize(address, port = nil) @address = address @port = (port || HTTP.default_port) @ipaddr = nil @local_host = nil @local_port = nil @curr_http_version = HTTPVersion @keep_alive_timeout = 2 @last_communicated = nil @close_on_empty_response = false @socket = nil @started = false @open_timeout = 60 @read_timeout = 60 @write_timeout = 60 @continue_timeout = nil @max_retries = 1 @debug_output = nil @proxy_from_env = false @proxy_uri = nil @proxy_address = nil @proxy_port = nil @proxy_user = nil @proxy_pass = nil @use_ssl = false @ssl_context = nil @ssl_session = nil @sspi_enabled = false SSL_IVNAMES.each do |ivname| instance_variable_set ivname, nil end end
Class Attribute Details
.is_version_1_1? (readonly)
Alias for .version_1_1?.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 419
alias is_version_1_1? version_1_1? #:nodoc:
.is_version_1_2? (readonly)
Alias for .version_1_2?.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 420
alias is_version_1_2? version_1_2? #:nodoc:
.proxy_address (readonly)
Address of proxy host. If HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1094
attr_reader :proxy_address
.proxy_class? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)
returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1089
def proxy_class? defined?(@is_proxy_class) ? @is_proxy_class : false end
.proxy_pass (readonly)
User password for accessing proxy. If HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1104
attr_reader :proxy_pass
.proxy_port (readonly)
Port number of proxy host. If HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1097
attr_reader :proxy_port
.proxy_user (readonly)
User name for accessing proxy. If HTTP does not use a proxy, nil.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1100
attr_reader :proxy_user
.version_1_1? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)
Also known as: .is_version_1_1?
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 414
def HTTP.version_1_1? #:nodoc: false end
.version_1_2 (readonly)
Turns on net/http 1.2 (Ruby 1.8) features. Defaults to ON in Ruby 1.8 or later.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 404
def HTTP.version_1_2 true end
.version_1_2? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)
Also known as: .is_version_1_2?
Returns true if net/http is in version 1.2 mode. Defaults to true.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 410
def HTTP.version_1_2? true end
Class Method Details
.default_port
The default port to use for HTTP requests; defaults to 80.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 539
def HTTP.default_port http_default_port() end
.get(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil)
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 457
def HTTP.get(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil) get_response(uri_or_host, path, port).body end
.get_print(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil)
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 438
def HTTP.get_print(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil) get_response(uri_or_host, path, port) {|res| res.read_body do |chunk| $stdout.print chunk end } nil end
.get_response(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil, &block)
Sends a GET request to the target and returns the HTTP response as a HTTPResponse object. The target can either be specified as (uri), or as (host, path, #port = 80); so:
res = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI('http://www.example.com/index.html'))
print res.body
or:
res = Net::HTTP.get_response('www.example.com', '/index.html')
print res.body
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 473
def HTTP.get_response(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil, &block) if path host = uri_or_host new(host, port || HTTP.default_port).start {|http| return http.request_get(path, &block) } else uri = uri_or_host start(uri.hostname, uri.port, :use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https') {|http| return http.request_get(uri, &block) } end end
.http_default_port
The default port to use for HTTP requests; defaults to 80.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 544
def HTTP.http_default_port 80 end
.https_default_port
The default port to use for HTTPS requests; defaults to 443.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 549
def HTTP.https_default_port 443 end
.newobj
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 610
alias newobj new # :nodoc:
.post(url, data, header = nil)
Posts data to the specified URI object.
Example:
require 'net/http'
require 'uri'
Net::HTTP.post URI('http://www.example.com/api/search'),
{ "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }.to_json,
"Content-Type" => "application/json"
.post_form(url, params)
Posts HTML form data to the specified URI object. The form data must be provided as a Hash mapping from String to String. Example:
{ "cmd" => "search", "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }
This method also does Basic Authentication iff url.user exists. But userinfo for authentication is deprecated (RFC3986). So this feature will be removed.
Example:
require 'net/http'
require 'uri'
Net::HTTP.post_form URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi'),
{ "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }
Proxy(p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil)
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1066
def HTTP.Proxy(p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil) return self unless p_addr Class.new(self) { @is_proxy_class = true if p_addr == :ENV then @proxy_from_env = true @proxy_address = nil @proxy_port = nil else @proxy_from_env = false @proxy_address = p_addr @proxy_port = p_port || default_port end @proxy_user = p_user @proxy_pass = p_pass } end
.socket_type
obsolete
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 553
def HTTP.socket_type #:nodoc: obsolete BufferedIO end
.start(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass, &block)
.start(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, opt, &block)
Creates a new HTTP object, then additionally opens the TCP connection and HTTP session.
Arguments are the following:
- address
-
hostname or IP address of the server
- port
-
port of the server
- p_addr
-
address of proxy
- p_port
-
port of proxy
- p_user
-
user of proxy
- p_pass
-
pass of proxy
- opt
-
optional hash
opt sets following values by its accessor. The keys are ipaddr, ca_file, ca_path, cert, cert_store, ciphers, close_on_empty_response, key, open_timeout, read_timeout, write_timeout, ssl_timeout, ssl_version, use_ssl, verify_callback, verify_depth and verify_mode. If you set :use_ssl as true, you can use https and default value of verify_mode is set as OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER.
If the optional block is given, the newly created HTTP object is passed to it and closed when the block finishes. In this case, the return value of this method is the return value of the block. If no block is given, the return value of this method is the newly created HTTP object itself, and the caller is responsible for closing it upon completion using the finish() method.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 587
def HTTP.start(address, *arg, &block) # :yield: http arg.pop if opt = Hash.try_convert(arg[-1]) port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass = *arg p_addr = :ENV if arg.size < 2 port = https_default_port if !port && opt && opt[:use_ssl] http = new(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass) http.ipaddr = opt[:ipaddr] if opt && opt[:ipaddr] if opt if opt[:use_ssl] opt = {verify_mode: OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER}.update(opt) end http.methods.grep(/\A(\w+)=\z/) do |meth| key = $1.to_sym opt.key?(key) or next http.__send__(meth, opt[key]) end end http.start(&block) end
Instance Attribute Details
#active? (readonly)
Alias for #started?.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 812
alias active? started? #:nodoc: obsolete
#address (readonly)
The DNS host name or IP address to connect to.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 715
attr_reader :address
#ca_file (rw)
Sets path of a CA certification file in PEM format.
The file can contain several CA certificates.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 867
attr_accessor :ca_file
#ca_path (rw)
Sets path of a CA certification directory containing certifications in PEM format.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 871
attr_accessor :ca_path
#cert (rw)
Sets an OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object as client certificate. (This method is appeared in Michal Rokos’s OpenSSL extension).
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 875
attr_accessor :cert
#cert_store (rw)
Sets the X509::Store to verify peer certificate.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 878
attr_accessor :cert_store
#ciphers (rw)
Sets the available ciphers. See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ciphers=
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 881
attr_accessor :ciphers
#close_on_empty_response (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 814
attr_accessor :close_on_empty_response
#continue_timeout (rw)
Seconds to wait for 100 Continue response. If the HTTP object does not receive a response in this many seconds it sends the request body. The default value is nil.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 793
attr_reader :continue_timeout
#continue_timeout=(sec) (rw)
Setter for the continue_timeout attribute.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 796
def continue_timeout=(sec) @socket.continue_timeout = sec if @socket @continue_timeout = sec end
#ipaddr (rw)
The IP address to connect to/used to connect to
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 733
def ipaddr started? ? @socket.io.peeraddr[3] : @ipaddr end
#ipaddr=(addr) (rw)
Set the IP address to connect to
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 738
def ipaddr=(addr) raise IOError, "ipaddr value changed, but session already started" if started? @ipaddr = addr end
#keep_alive_timeout (rw)
Seconds to reuse the connection of the previous request. If the idle time is less than this Keep-Alive Timeout, HTTP reuses the TCP/IP socket used by the previous communication. The default value is 2 seconds.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 805
attr_accessor :keep_alive_timeout
#key (rw)
Sets an OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object. (This method is appeared in Michal Rokos’s OpenSSL extension.)
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 885
attr_accessor :key
#local_host (rw)
The local host used to establish the connection.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 721
attr_accessor :local_host
#local_port (rw)
The local port used to establish the connection.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 724
attr_accessor :local_port
#max_retries (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 776
attr_reader :max_retries
#max_retries=(retries) (rw)
Maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request in case of Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, Timeout::Error. Should be a non-negative integer number. Zero means no retries. The default value is 1.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 768
def max_retries=(retries) retries = retries.to_int if retries < 0 raise ArgumentError, 'max_retries should be non-negative integer number' end @max_retries = retries end
#max_version (rw)
Sets the maximum SSL version. See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#max_version=
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 897
attr_accessor :max_version
#min_version (rw)
Sets the minimum SSL version. See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version=
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 894
attr_accessor :min_version
#open_timeout (rw)
Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP object cannot open a connection in this many seconds, it raises a Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 747
attr_accessor :open_timeout
#port (readonly)
The port number to connect to.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 718
attr_reader :port
#proxy? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)
True if requests for this connection will be proxied
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1108
def proxy? !!(@proxy_from_env ? proxy_uri : @proxy_address) end
#proxy_address (rw) Also known as: #proxyaddr
The address of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1127
def proxy_address if @proxy_from_env then proxy_uri&.hostname else @proxy_address end end
#proxy_address=(value) (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 727
attr_writer :proxy_address
#proxy_from_env=(value) (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 726
attr_writer :proxy_from_env
#proxy_from_env? ⇒ Boolean (rw)
True if the proxy for this connection is determined from the environment
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1113
def proxy_from_env? @proxy_from_env end
#proxy_pass (rw)
The password of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1161
def proxy_pass if ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE && @proxy_from_env proxy_uri&.password else @proxy_pass end end
#proxy_pass=(value) (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 730
attr_writer :proxy_pass
#proxy_port (rw) Also known as: #proxyport
The port of the proxy server, if one is configured.
#proxy_port=(value) (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 728
attr_writer :proxy_port
#proxy_user (rw)
The username of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1152
def proxy_user if ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE && @proxy_from_env proxy_uri&.user else @proxy_user end end
#proxy_user=(value) (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 729
attr_writer :proxy_user
#proxyaddr (readonly)
Alias for #proxy_address.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1169
alias proxyaddr proxy_address #:nodoc: obsolete
#proxyport (readonly)
Alias for #proxy_port.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1170
alias proxyport proxy_port #:nodoc: obsolete
#read_timeout (rw)
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP object cannot read data in this many seconds, it raises a Net::ReadTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 753
attr_reader :read_timeout
#read_timeout=(sec) (rw)
Setter for the read_timeout attribute.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 779
def read_timeout=(sec) @socket.read_timeout = sec if @socket @read_timeout = sec end
#ssl_timeout (rw)
Sets the SSL timeout seconds.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 888
attr_accessor :ssl_timeout
#ssl_version (rw)
Sets the SSL version. See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version=
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 891
attr_accessor :ssl_version
#started? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)
Also known as: #active?
Returns true if the HTTP session has been started.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 808
def started? @started end
#use_ssl=(flag) (rw)
Turn on/off SSL. This flag must be set before starting session. If you change use_ssl value after session started, a HTTP object raises IOError.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 825
def use_ssl=(flag) flag = flag ? true : false if started? and @use_ssl != flag raise IOError, "use_ssl value changed, but session already started" end @use_ssl = flag end
#use_ssl? ⇒ Boolean (rw)
Returns true if SSL/TLS is being used with HTTP.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 817
def use_ssl? @use_ssl end
#verify_callback (rw)
Sets the verify callback for the server certification verification.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 900
attr_accessor :verify_callback
#verify_depth (rw)
Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 903
attr_accessor :verify_depth
#verify_mode (rw)
Sets the flags for server the certification verification at beginning of SSL/TLS session.
OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE or OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER are acceptable.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 909
attr_accessor :verify_mode
#write_timeout (rw)
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be written (via one write(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP object cannot write data in this many seconds, it raises a Net::WriteTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds. Net::WriteTimeout is not raised on Windows.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 760
attr_reader :write_timeout
#write_timeout=(sec) (rw)
Setter for the write_timeout attribute.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 785
def write_timeout=(sec) @socket.write_timeout = sec if @socket @write_timeout = sec end
Instance Method Details
#addr_port (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1648
def addr_port addr = address addr = "[#{addr}]" if addr.include?(":") default_port = use_ssl? ? HTTP.https_default_port : HTTP.http_default_port default_port == port ? addr : "#{addr}:#{port}" end
#begin_transport(req) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1565
def begin_transport(req) if @socket.closed? connect elsif @last_communicated if @last_communicated + @keep_alive_timeout < Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) D 'Conn close because of keep_alive_timeout' @socket.close connect elsif @socket.io.to_io.wait_readable(0) && @socket.eof? D "Conn close because of EOF" @socket.close connect end end if not req.response_body_permitted? and @close_on_empty_response req['connection'] ||= 'close' end req.update_uri address, port, use_ssl? req['host'] ||= addr_port() end
#conn_address (private)
without proxy, obsolete
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1176
def conn_address # :nodoc: @ipaddr || address() end
#conn_port (private)
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1180
def conn_port # :nodoc: port() end
#connect (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 948
def connect if proxy? then conn_addr = proxy_address conn_port = proxy_port else conn_addr = conn_address conn_port = port end D "opening connection to #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..." s = Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Net::OpenTimeout) { begin TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port) rescue => e raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " + "#{conn_addr}:#{conn_port} (#{e.})" end } s.setsockopt(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1) D "opened" if use_ssl? if proxy? plain_sock = BufferedIO.new(s, read_timeout: @read_timeout, write_timeout: @write_timeout, continue_timeout: @continue_timeout, debug_output: @debug_output) buf = "CONNECT #{conn_address}:#{@port} HTTP/#{HTTPVersion}\r\n" buf << "Host: #{@address}:#{@port}\r\n" if proxy_user credential = ["#{proxy_user}:#{proxy_pass}"].pack('m0') buf << "Proxy-Authorization: Basic #{credential}\r\n" end buf << "\r\n" plain_sock.write(buf) HTTPResponse.read_new(plain_sock).value # assuming nothing left in buffers after successful CONNECT response end ssl_parameters = Hash.new iv_list = instance_variables SSL_IVNAMES.each_with_index do |ivname, i| if iv_list.include?(ivname) and value = instance_variable_get(ivname) ssl_parameters[SSL_ATTRIBUTES[i]] = value if value end end @ssl_context = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new @ssl_context.set_params(ssl_parameters) @ssl_context.session_cache_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_CLIENT | OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE @ssl_context.session_new_cb = proc {|sock, sess| @ssl_session = sess } D "starting SSL for #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..." s = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(s, @ssl_context) s.sync_close = true # Server Name Indication (SNI) RFC 3546 s.hostname = @address if s.respond_to? :hostname= if @ssl_session and Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME) < @ssl_session.time.to_f + @ssl_session.timeout s.session = @ssl_session end ssl_socket_connect(s, @open_timeout) if @ssl_context.verify_mode != OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE s.post_connection_check(@address) end D "SSL established, protocol: #{s.ssl_version}, cipher: #{s.cipher[0]}" end @socket = BufferedIO.new(s, read_timeout: @read_timeout, write_timeout: @write_timeout, continue_timeout: @continue_timeout, debug_output: @debug_output) on_connect rescue => exception if s D "Conn close because of connect error #{exception}" s.close end raise end
#copy(path, initheader = nil)
Sends a COPY request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
D(msg) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1655
def D(msg) return unless @debug_output @debug_output << msg @debug_output << "\n" end
#delete(path, initheader = {'Depth' => 'Infinity'})
Sends a DELETE request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
#do_finish (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1040
def do_finish @started = false @socket.close if @socket @socket = nil end
#do_start (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 942
def do_start connect @started = true end
#edit_path(path) (private)
[ GitHub ]#end_transport(req, res) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1588
def end_transport(req, res) @curr_http_version = res.http_version @last_communicated = nil if @socket.closed? D 'Conn socket closed' elsif not res.body and @close_on_empty_response D 'Conn close' @socket.close elsif keep_alive?(req, res) D 'Conn keep-alive' @last_communicated = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) else D 'Conn close' @socket.close end end
#finish
Finishes the HTTP session and closes the TCP connection. Raises IOError if the session has not been started.
#get(path, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block)
Retrieves data from path on the connected-to host which may be an absolute path String or a URI to extract the path from.
initheader must be a Hash like { ‘Accept’ => ‘/’, … }, and it defaults to an empty hash. If initheader doesn’t have the key ‘accept-encoding’, then a value of “gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3” is used, so that gzip compression is used in preference to deflate compression, which is used in preference to no compression. Ruby doesn’t have libraries to support the compress (Lempel-Ziv) compression, so that is not supported. The intent of this is to reduce bandwidth by default. If this routine sets up compression, then it does the decompression also, removing the header as well to prevent confusion. Otherwise it leaves the body as it found it.
This method returns a HTTPResponse object.
If called with a block, yields each fragment of the entity body in turn as a string as it is read from the socket. Note that in this case, the returned response object will not contain a (meaningful) body.
dest argument is obsolete. It still works but you must not use it.
This method never raises an exception.
response = http.get('/index.html')
# using block
File.open('result.txt', 'w') {|f|
http.get(‘/~foo/’) do |str|
f.write str
end
}
#get2(path, initheader = nil, &block)
Alias for #request_get.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1444
alias get2 request_get #:nodoc: obsolete
#head(path, initheader = nil)
Gets only the header from path on the connected-to host. header is a Hash like { ‘Accept’ => ‘/’, … }.
This method returns a HTTPResponse object.
This method never raises an exception.
response = nil
Net::HTTP.start('some.www.server', 80) {|http|
response = http.head('/index.html')
}
p response['content-type']
#head2(path, initheader = nil, &block)
Alias for #request_head.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1445
alias head2 request_head #:nodoc: obsolete
#inspect
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 696
def inspect "#<#{self.class} #{@address}:#{@port} open=#{started?}>" end
#keep_alive?(req, res) ⇒ Boolean (private)
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1605
def keep_alive?(req, res) return false if req.connection_close? if @curr_http_version <= '1.0' res.connection_keep_alive? else # HTTP/1.1 or later not res.connection_close? end end
#lock(path, body, initheader = nil)
Sends a LOCK request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
#mkcol(path, body = nil, initheader = nil)
Sends a MKCOL request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
#move(path, initheader = nil)
Sends a MOVE request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
#on_connect (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1029
def on_connect end
#options(path, initheader = nil)
Sends a OPTIONS request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
#patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block)
Sends a PATCH request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1299
def patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: body_segment send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Patch, &block) end
#peer_cert
Returns the X.509 certificates the server presented.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 912
def peer_cert if not use_ssl? or not @socket return nil end @socket.io.peer_cert end
#post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block)
Posts data (must be a String) to path. header must be a Hash like { ‘Accept’ => ‘/’, … }.
This method returns a HTTPResponse object.
If called with a block, yields each fragment of the entity body in turn as a string as it is read from the socket. Note that in this case, the returned response object will not contain a (meaningful) body.
dest argument is obsolete. It still works but you must not use it.
This method never raises exception.
response = http.post('/cgi-bin/search.rb', 'query=foo')
# using block
File.open('result.txt', 'w') {|f|
http.post(‘/cgi-bin/search.rb’, ‘query=foo’) do |str|
f.write str
end
}
You should set Content-Type: header field for POST. If no Content-Type: field given, this method uses “application/x-www-form-urlencoded” by default.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1293
def post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: body_segment send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Post, &block) end
#post2(path, data, initheader = nil, &block)
Alias for #request_post.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1446
alias post2 request_post #:nodoc: obsolete
#propfind(path, body = nil, initheader = {'Depth' => '0'})
Sends a PROPFIND request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
#proppatch(path, body, initheader = nil)
Sends a PROPPATCH request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
#proxy_uri
The proxy URI determined from the environment for this connection.
#put(path, data, initheader = nil)
#put2(path, data, initheader = nil, &block)
Alias for #request_put.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1447
alias put2 request_put #:nodoc: obsolete
#request(req, body = nil, &block)
Sends an HTTPRequest object req to the HTTP server.
If req is a HTTP::Post or HTTP::Put request containing data, the data is also sent. Providing data for a HTTP::Head or HTTP::Get request results in an ArgumentError.
Returns an HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, passes an HTTPResponse object to the block. The body of the response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
This method never raises Net.* exceptions.
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1481
def request(req, body = nil, &block) # :yield: response unless started? start { req['connection'] ||= 'close' return request(req, body, &block) } end if proxy_user() req.proxy_basic_auth proxy_user(), proxy_pass() unless use_ssl? end req.set_body_internal body res = transport_request(req, &block) if sspi_auth?(res) sspi_auth(req) res = transport_request(req, &block) end res end
#request_get(path, initheader = nil, &block) Also known as: #get2
Sends a GET request to the path. Returns the response as a HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, passes an HTTPResponse object to the block. The body of the response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net.* exceptions.
response = http.request_get('/index.html')
# The entity body is already read in this case.
p response['content-type']
puts response.body
# Using a block
http.request_get(‘/index.html’) {|response|
p response['content-type']
response.read_body do |str| # read body now
print str
end
}
#request_head(path, initheader = nil, &block) Also known as: #head2
Sends a HEAD request to the path and returns the response as a HTTPResponse object.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net.* exceptions.
response = http.request_head('/index.html')
p response['content-type']
#request_post(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) Also known as: #post2
Sends a POST request to the path.
Returns the response as a HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, the block is passed an HTTPResponse object. The body of that response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net.* exceptions.
# example
response = http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...')
p response.status
puts response.body # body is already read in this case
# using block
http.request_post(‘/cgi-bin/nice.rb’, ‘datadatadata…’) {|response|
p response.status
p response['content-type']
response.read_body do |str| # read body now
print str
end
}
#request_put(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) Also known as: #put2
#send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, type, &block) (private)
Executes a request which uses a representation and returns its body.
#send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil)
Sends an HTTP request to the HTTP server. Also sends a DATA string if data is given.
Returns a HTTPResponse object.
This method never raises Net.* exceptions.
response = http.send_request('GET', '/index.html')
puts response.body
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1460
def send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil) has_response_body = name != 'HEAD' r = HTTPGenericRequest.new(name,(data ? true : false),has_response_body,path,header) request r, data end
#set_debug_output(output)
WARNING This method opens a serious security hole. Never use this method in production code.
Sets an output stream for debugging.
http = HTTP.new(hostname) http.set_debug_output $stderr http.start { .… }
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 709
def set_debug_output(output) warn 'Net::HTTP#set_debug_output called after HTTP started', uplevel: 1 if started? @debug_output = output end
#sspi_auth(req) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1629
def sspi_auth(req) n = Win32::SSPI::NegotiateAuth.new req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.get_initial_token}" # Some versions of ISA will close the connection if this isn't present. req["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive" req["Proxy-Connection"] = "Keep-Alive" res = transport_request(req) authphrase = res["Proxy-Authenticate"] or return res req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.complete_authentication(authphrase)}" rescue => err raise HTTPAuthenticationError.new('HTTP authentication failed', err) end
#sspi_auth?(res) ⇒ Boolean (private)
# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1614
def sspi_auth?(res) return false unless @sspi_enabled if res.kind_of?(HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired) and proxy? and res["Proxy-Authenticate"].include?("Negotiate") begin require 'win32/sspi' true rescue LoadError false end else false end end
#start
Opens a TCP connection and HTTP session.
When this method is called with a block, it passes the HTTP object to the block, and closes the TCP connection and HTTP session after the block has been executed.
When called with a block, it returns the return value of the block; otherwise, it returns self.
#trace(path, initheader = nil)
Sends a TRACE request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
#transport_request(req) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/net/http.rb', line 1515
def transport_request(req) count = 0 begin begin_transport req res = catch(:response) { begin req.exec @socket, @curr_http_version, edit_path(req.path) rescue Errno::EPIPE # Failure when writing full request, but we can probably # still read the received response. end begin res = HTTPResponse.read_new(@socket) res.decode_content = req.decode_content end while res.kind_of?(HTTPInformation) res.uri = req.uri res } res.reading_body(@socket, req.response_body_permitted?) { yield res if block_given? } rescue Net::OpenTimeout raise rescue Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, Errno::ETIMEDOUT, # avoid a dependency on OpenSSL defined?(OpenSSL::SSL) ? OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError : IOError, Timeout::Error => exception if count < max_retries && IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_.include?(req.method) count += 1 @socket.close if @socket D "Conn close because of error #{exception}, and retry" retry end D "Conn close because of error #{exception}" @socket.close if @socket raise end end_transport req, res res rescue => exception D "Conn close because of error #{exception}" @socket.close if @socket raise exception end
#unlock(path, body, initheader = nil)
Sends a UNLOCK request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.