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Class: Numeric

Relationships & Source Files
Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance Descendants
Subclasses:
Complex, Float, Integer, Rational
Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance
Instance Chain:
self, ::Comparable
Inherits: Object
Defined in: numeric.c,
complex.c,
rational.c

Overview

Numeric is the class from which all higher-level numeric classes should inherit.

Numeric allows instantiation of heap-allocated objects. Other core numeric classes such as ::Integer are implemented as immediates, which means that each ::Integer is a single immutable object which is always passed by value.

a = 1
1.object_id == a.object_id   #=> true

There can only ever be one instance of the integer 1, for example. Ruby ensures this by preventing instantiation. If duplication is attempted, the same instance is returned.

Integer.new(1)                   #=> NoMethodError: undefined method `new' for Integer:Class
1.dup                            #=> 1
1.object_id == 1.dup.object_id   #=> true

For this reason, Numeric should be used when defining other numeric classes.

Classes which inherit from Numeric must implement #coerce, which returns a two-member ::Array containing an object that has been coerced into an instance of the new class and self (see #coerce).

Inheriting classes should also implement arithmetic operator methods (+, -, * and /) and the #<=> operator (see ::Comparable). These methods may rely on #coerce to ensure interoperability with instances of other numeric classes.

class Tally < Numeric
  def initialize(string)
    @string = string
  end

  def to_s
    @string
  end

  def to_i
    @string.size
  end

  def coerce(other)
    [self.class.new('|' * other.to_i), self]
  end

  def <=>(other)
    to_i <=> other.to_i
  end

  def +(other)
    self.class.new('|' * (to_i + other.to_i))
  end

  def -(other)
    self.class.new('|' * (to_i - other.to_i))
  end

  def *(other)
    self.class.new('|' * (to_i * other.to_i))
  end

  def /(other)
    self.class.new('|' * (to_i / other.to_i))
  end
end

tally = Tally.new('||')
puts tally * 2            #=> "||||"
puts tally > 1            #=> true

Instance Attribute Summary

Instance Method Summary

::Comparable - Included

#<

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns -1.
#<=

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns -1 or 0.
#==

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns 0.
#>

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns 1.
#>=

Compares two objects based on the receiver’s #<=> method, returning true if it returns 0 or 1.
#between?

Returns false if obj #<=> min is less than zero or if anObject #<=> max is greater than zero, true otherwise.
#clamp

Returns min if obj #<=> min is less than zero, max if obj #<=> max is greater than zero and obj otherwise.

Instance Attribute Details

#finite? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)

Returns true if num is a finite number, otherwise returns false.

[ GitHub ] 

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 804



static VALUE
num_finite_p(VALUE num)
{
    return Qtrue;
}


  








  

    #infinite?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns nil, -1, or 1 depending on whether the value is finite, -Infinity, or +Infinity.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 817



static VALUE
num_infinite_p(VALUE num)
{
    return Qnil;
}


  








  

    #integer?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if num is an ::Integer.



1.0.integer?   #=> false
1.integer?     #=> true


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 720



static VALUE
num_int_p(VALUE num)
{
    return Qfalse;
}


  








  

    #negative?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if num is less than 0.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 870



static VALUE
num_negative_p(VALUE num)
{
    return rb_num_negative_int_p(num) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}


  








  

    #nonzero?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns self if num is not zero, nil otherwise.



This behavior is useful when chaining comparisons:



a = %w( z Bb bB bb BB a aA Aa AA A )
b = a.sort {|a,b| (a.downcase <=> b.downcase).nonzero? || a <=> b }
b   #=> ["A", "a", "AA", "Aa", "aA", "BB", "Bb", "bB", "bb", "z"]


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 789



static VALUE
num_nonzero_p(VALUE num)
{
    if (RTEST(num_funcall0(num, rb_intern("zero?")))) {
	return Qnil;
    }
    return num;
}


  








  

    #positive?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if num is greater than 0.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 847



static VALUE
num_positive_p(VALUE num)
{
    const ID mid = '>';

    if (FIXNUM_P(num)) {
	if (method_basic_p(rb_cInteger))
	    return (SIGNED_VALUE)num > (SIGNED_VALUE)INT2FIX(0) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(num, T_BIGNUM)) {
	if (method_basic_p(rb_cInteger))
	    return BIGNUM_POSITIVE_P(num) && !rb_bigzero_p(num) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
    }
    return rb_num_compare_with_zero(num, mid);
}


  








  

    #real  ⇒ self  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns self.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'complex.c', line 2036



static VALUE
numeric_real(VALUE self)
{
    return self;
}


  








  

    #real?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if num is a real number (i.e. not ::Complex).


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 704



static VALUE
num_real_p(VALUE num)
{
    return Qtrue;
}


  








  

    #zero?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)  



  

    

Returns true if num has a zero value.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 756



static VALUE
num_zero_p(VALUE num)
{
    if (FIXNUM_P(num)) {
	if (FIXNUM_ZERO_P(num)) {
	    return Qtrue;
	}
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(num, T_BIGNUM)) {
	if (rb_bigzero_p(num)) {
	    /* this should not happen usually */
	    return Qtrue;
	}
    }
    else if (rb_equal(num, INT2FIX(0))) {
	return Qtrue;
    }
    return Qfalse;
}


  







Instance Method Details



  

    #modulo(numeric)  ⇒ Numeric     Also known as: #modulo
  



  

    

x.modulo(y) means x-y*(x/y).floor.



Equivalent to num.divmod(numeric)[1].



See #divmod.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 616



static VALUE
num_modulo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    VALUE q = num_funcall1(x, id_div, y);
    return rb_funcall(x, '-', 1,
		      rb_funcall(y, '*', 1, q));
}


  








  

    #+  ⇒ Numeric   



  

    

Unary Plus—Returns the receiver.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 532



static VALUE
num_uplus(VALUE num)
{
    return num;
}


  








  

    #-  ⇒ Numeric   



  

    

Unary Minus—Returns the receiver, negated.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 562



static VALUE
num_uminus(VALUE num)
{
    VALUE zero;

    zero = INT2FIX(0);
    do_coerce(&zero, &num, TRUE);

    return num_funcall1(zero, '-', num);
}


  








  

    #<=>(other)  ⇒ 0?   



  

    

Returns zero if number equals other, otherwise returns nil.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 1350



static VALUE
num_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (x == y) return INT2FIX(0);
    return Qnil;
}


  








  

    

      #abs  ⇒ Numeric 
      #magnitude  ⇒ Numeric 
    

    Also known as: #magnitude
  



  

    

Returns the absolute value of num.



12.abs         #=> 12
(-34.56).abs   #=> 34.56
-34.56.abs     #=> 34.56



#magnitude is an alias for abs.


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 740



static VALUE
num_abs(VALUE num)
{
    if (rb_num_negative_int_p(num)) {
	return num_funcall0(num, idUMinus);
    }
    return num;
}


  








  

    #abs2  ⇒ Numeric   



  

    

Returns square of self.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'complex.c', line 2061



static VALUE
numeric_abs2(VALUE self)
{
    return f_mul(self, self);
}


  








  

    

      #arg  ⇒ 0, Float 
      #angle  ⇒ 0, Float 
      #phase  ⇒ 0, Float 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #arg.


  





  








  

    

      #arg  ⇒ 0, Float 
      #angle  ⇒ 0, Float 
      #phase  ⇒ 0, Float 
    

    Also known as: #angle, #phase
  



  

    

Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'complex.c', line 2075



static VALUE
numeric_arg(VALUE self)
{
    if (f_positive_p(self))
        return INT2FIX(0);
    return DBL2NUM(M_PI);
}


  








  

    #ceil([ndigits])  ⇒ Integer, Float   



  

    

Returns the smallest number greater than or equal to num with a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).



Numeric implements this by converting its value to a ::Float and invoking Float#ceil.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 2449



static VALUE
num_ceil(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    return flo_ceil(argc, argv, rb_Float(num));
}


  








  

    #clone(freeze: true)  ⇒ Numeric   



  

    

Returns the receiver.  freeze cannot be false.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 500



static VALUE
num_clone(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE x)
{
    return rb_immutable_obj_clone(argc, argv, x);
}


  








  

    #coerce(numeric)  ⇒ Array   



  

    

If numeric is the same type as num, returns an array [numeric, num]. Otherwise, returns an array with both numeric and num represented as ::Float objects.



This coercion mechanism is used by Ruby to handle mixed-type numeric operations: it is intended to find a compatible common type between the two operands of the operator.



1.coerce(2.5)   #=> [2.5, 1.0]
1.2.coerce(3)   #=> [3.0, 1.2]
1.coerce(2)     #=> [2, 1]


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 397



static VALUE
num_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (CLASS_OF(x) == CLASS_OF(y))
	return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
    x = rb_Float(x);
    y = rb_Float(y);
    return rb_assoc_new(y, x);
}


  








  

    

      #conj  ⇒ self 
      #conjugate  ⇒ self 
    

    Also known as: #conjugate
  



  

    

Returns self.


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'complex.c', line 2135



static VALUE
numeric_conj(VALUE self)
{
    return self;
}


  








  

    

      #conj  ⇒ self 
      #conjugate  ⇒ self 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #conj.


  





  








  

    #denominator  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the denominator (always positive).


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'rational.c', line 2000



static VALUE
numeric_denominator(VALUE self)
{
    return f_denominator(f_to_r(self));
}


  








  

    #div(numeric)  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Uses / to perform division, then converts the result to an integer. Numeric does not define the / operator; this is left to subclasses.



Equivalent to num.divmod(numeric)[0].



See #divmod.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 598



static VALUE
num_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (rb_equal(INT2FIX(0), y)) rb_num_zerodiv();
    return rb_funcall(num_funcall1(x, '/', y), rb_intern("floor"), 0);
}


  








  

    #divmod(numeric)  ⇒ Array   



  

    

Returns an array containing the quotient and modulus obtained by dividing num by numeric.



If q, r = x.divmod(y), then



q = floor(x/y)
x = q*y + r



The quotient is rounded toward negative infinity, as shown in the following table:



 a    |  b  |  a.divmod(b)  |   a/b   | a.modulo(b) | a.remainder(b)
------------------------------------------------+---------------
 13   |  4  |   3,    1     |   3     |    1        |     1
------------------------------------------------+---------------
 13   | -4  |  -4,   -3     |  -4     |   -3        |     1
------------------------------------------------+---------------
-13   |  4  |  -4,    3     |  -4     |    3        |    -1
------------------------------------------------+---------------
-13   | -4  |   3,   -1     |   3     |   -1        |    -1
------------------------------------------------+---------------
 11.5 |  4  |   2,    3.5   |   2.875 |    3.5      |     3.5
------------------------------------------------+---------------
 11.5 | -4  |  -3,   -0.5   |  -2.875 |   -0.5      |     3.5
------------------------------------------------+---------------
-11.5 |  4  |  -3,    0.5   |  -2.875 |    0.5      |    -3.5
------------------------------------------------+---------------
-11.5 | -4  |   2,   -3.5   |   2.875 |   -3.5      |    -3.5



Examples



11.divmod(3)        #=> [3, 2]
11.divmod(-3)       #=> [-4, -1]
11.divmod(3.5)      #=> [3, 0.5]
(-11).divmod(3.5)   #=> [-4, 3.0]
11.5.divmod(3.5)    #=> [3, 1.0]


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 691



static VALUE
num_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return rb_assoc_new(num_div(x, y), num_modulo(x, y));
}


  








  

    #dup  ⇒ Numeric   



  

    

Returns the receiver.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 516



static VALUE
num_dup(VALUE x)
{
    return x;
}


  








  

    #eql?(numeric)  ⇒ Boolean   



  

    

Returns true if num and numeric are the same type and have equal values.  Contrast this with Numeric#==, which performs type conversions.



1 == 1.0        #=> true
1.eql?(1.0)     #=> false
1.0.eql?(1.0)   #=> true


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 1331



static VALUE
num_eql(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (TYPE(x) != TYPE(y)) return Qfalse;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_BIGNUM)) {
	return rb_big_eql(x, y);
    }

    return rb_equal(x, y);
}


  








  

    #fdiv(numeric)  ⇒ Float   



  

    

Returns float division.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 580



static VALUE
num_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_Float(x), '/', 1, y);
}


  








  

    #floor([ndigits])  ⇒ Integer, Float   



  

    

Returns the largest number less than or equal to num with a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).



Numeric implements this by converting its value to a ::Float and invoking Float#floor.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 2432



static VALUE
num_floor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    return flo_floor(argc, argv, rb_Float(num));
}


  








  

    #i  ⇒ Complex(0, num)   



  

    

Returns the corresponding imaginary number. Not available for complex numbers.



-42.i  #=> (0-42i)
2.0.i  #=> (0+2.0i)


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 549



static VALUE
num_imaginary(VALUE num)
{
    return rb_complex_new(INT2FIX(0), num);
}


  








  

    

      #imag  ⇒ 0 
      #imaginary  ⇒ 0 
    

    Also known as: #imaginary
  



  

    

Returns zero.


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'complex.c', line 2049



static VALUE
numeric_imag(VALUE self)
{
    return INT2FIX(0);
}


  








  

    

      #imag  ⇒ 0 
      #imaginary  ⇒ 0 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #imag.


  





  








  

    

      #abs  ⇒ Numeric 
      #magnitude  ⇒ Numeric 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #abs.


  





  








  

    

      #modulo(numeric)  ⇒ Numeric 
      #modulo(numeric)  ⇒ Numeric 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #%.


  





  








  

    #numerator  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Returns the numerator.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'rational.c', line 1988



static VALUE
numeric_numerator(VALUE self)
{
    return f_numerator(f_to_r(self));
}


  








  

    

      #arg  ⇒ 0, Float 
      #angle  ⇒ 0, Float 
      #phase  ⇒ 0, Float 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #arg.


  





  








  

    #polar  ⇒ Array   



  

    

Returns an array; [num.abs, num.arg].


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'complex.c', line 2104



static VALUE
numeric_polar(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE abs, arg;

    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(self)) {
        abs = rb_int_abs(self);
        arg = numeric_arg(self);
    }
    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(self)) {
        abs = rb_float_abs(self);
        arg = float_arg(self);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(self, T_RATIONAL)) {
        abs = rb_rational_abs(self);
        arg = numeric_arg(self);
    }
    else {
        abs = f_abs(self);
        arg = f_arg(self);
    }
    return rb_assoc_new(abs, arg);
}


  








  

    

      #quo(int_or_rat)  ⇒ rat 
      #quo(flo)  ⇒ flo 
    

  



  

    

Returns the most exact division (rational for integers, float for floats).


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'rational.c', line 2015



VALUE
rb_numeric_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(y)) {
        return rb_funcall(x, rb_intern("fdiv"), 1, y);
    }

    if (canonicalization) {
        x = rb_rational_raw1(x);
    }
    else {
        x = rb_convert_type(x, T_RATIONAL, "Rational", "to_r");
    }
    return rb_rational_div(x, y);
}


  








  

    

      #rect  ⇒ Array 
      #rectangular  ⇒ Array 
    

    Also known as: #rectangular
  



  

    

Returns an array; [num, 0].


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'complex.c', line 2090



static VALUE
numeric_rect(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_assoc_new(self, INT2FIX(0));
}


  








  

    

      #rect  ⇒ Array 
      #rectangular  ⇒ Array 
    

  



  

    

Alias for #rect.


  





  








  

    #remainder(numeric)  ⇒ Numeric   



  

    

x.remainder(y) means x-y*(x/y).truncate.



See #divmod.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 633



static VALUE
num_remainder(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    VALUE z = num_funcall1(x, '%', y);

    if ((!rb_equal(z, INT2FIX(0))) &&
	((rb_num_negative_int_p(x) &&
	  rb_num_positive_int_p(y)) ||
	 (rb_num_positive_int_p(x) &&
	  rb_num_negative_int_p(y)))) {
	return rb_funcall(z, '-', 1, y);
    }
    return z;
}


  








  

    #round([ndigits])  ⇒ Integer, Float   



  

    

Returns num rounded to the nearest value with a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).



Numeric implements this by converting its value to a ::Float and invoking Float#round.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 2466



static VALUE
num_round(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE num)
{
    return flo_round(argc, argv, rb_Float(num));
}


  








  

    #singleton_method_added(name)  
  

  

    This method is for internal use only.
  



  

    

Trap attempts to add methods to Numeric objects. Always raises a ::TypeError.



Numerics should be values; singleton_methods should not be added to them.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 479



static VALUE
num_sadded(VALUE x, VALUE name)
{
    ID mid = rb_to_id(name);
    /* ruby_frame = ruby_frame->prev; */ /* pop frame for "singleton_method_added" */
    rb_remove_method_id(rb_singleton_class(x), mid);
    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
	     "can't define singleton method \"%"PRIsVALUE"\" for %"PRIsVALUE,
	     rb_id2str(mid),
	     rb_obj_class(x));

    UNREACHABLE_RETURN(Qnil);
}


  








  

    

      #step(by: step, to: limit) {|i| ... } ⇒ self 
      #step(by: step, to: limit)  ⇒ Enumerator 
      #step(by: step, to: limit)  ⇒ an_arithmetic_sequence 
      #step(limit = nil, step = 1) {|i| ... } ⇒ self 
      #step(limit = nil, step = 1)  ⇒ Enumerator 
      #step(limit = nil, step = 1)  ⇒ an_arithmetic_sequence 
    

  



  

    

Invokes the given block with the sequence of numbers starting at num, incremented by step (defaulted to 1) on each call.



The loop finishes when the value to be passed to the block is greater than limit (if step is positive) or less than limit (if step is negative), where limit is defaulted to infinity.



In the recommended keyword argument style, either or both of step and limit (default infinity) can be omitted.  In the fixed position argument style, zero as a step (i.e. num.step(limit, 0)) is not allowed for historical compatibility reasons.



If all the arguments are integers, the loop operates using an integer counter.



If any of the arguments are floating point numbers, all are converted to floats, and the loop is executed floor(n + n*Float::EPSILON) + 1 times, where n = (limit - num)/step.



Otherwise, the loop starts at num, uses either the less-than (<) or greater-than (>) operator to compare the counter against limit, and increments itself using the + operator.



If no block is given, an ::Enumerator is returned instead. Especially, the enumerator is an ::Enumerator::ArithmeticSequence if both limit and step are kind of Numeric or nil.



For example:



p 1.step.take(4)
p 10.step(by: -1).take(4)
3.step(to: 5) {|i| print i, " " }
1.step(10, 2) {|i| print i, " " }
Math::E.step(to: Math::PI, by: 0.2) {|f| print f, " " }



Will produce:



[1, 2, 3, 4]
[10, 9, 8, 7]
3 4 5
1 3 5 7 9
2.718281828459045 2.9182818284590453 3.118281828459045


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 2745



static VALUE
num_step(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE from)
{
    VALUE to, step;
    int desc, inf;

    if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
        VALUE by = Qundef;

        num_step_extract_args(argc, argv, &to, &step, &by);
        if (by != Qundef) {
            step = by;
        }
        if (NIL_P(step)) {
            step = INT2FIX(1);
        }
        if ((NIL_P(to) || rb_obj_is_kind_of(to, rb_cNumeric)) &&
            rb_obj_is_kind_of(step, rb_cNumeric)) {
            return rb_arith_seq_new(from, ID2SYM(rb_frame_this_func()), argc, argv,
                                    num_step_size, from, to, step, FALSE);
        }

        RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(from, argc, argv, num_step_size);
    }

    desc = num_step_scan_args(argc, argv, &to, &step, TRUE, FALSE);
    if (rb_equal(step, INT2FIX(0))) {
	inf = 1;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(to, T_FLOAT)) {
	double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(to);
	inf = isinf(f) && (signbit(f) ? desc : !desc);
    }
    else inf = 0;

    if (FIXNUM_P(from) && (inf || FIXNUM_P(to)) && FIXNUM_P(step)) {
	long i = FIX2LONG(from);
	long diff = FIX2LONG(step);

	if (inf) {
	    for (;; i += diff)
		rb_yield(LONG2FIX(i));
	}
	else {
	    long end = FIX2LONG(to);

	    if (desc) {
		for (; i >= end; i += diff)
		    rb_yield(LONG2FIX(i));
	    }
	    else {
		for (; i <= end; i += diff)
		    rb_yield(LONG2FIX(i));
	    }
	}
    }
    else if (!ruby_float_step(from, to, step, FALSE, FALSE)) {
	VALUE i = from;

	if (inf) {
	    for (;; i = rb_funcall(i, '+', 1, step))
		rb_yield(i);
	}
	else {
	    ID cmp = desc ? '<' : '>';

	    for (; !RTEST(rb_funcall(i, cmp, 1, to)); i = rb_funcall(i, '+', 1, step))
		rb_yield(i);
	}
    }
    return from;
}


  








  

    #to_c  ⇒ Complex   



  

    

Returns the value as a complex.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'complex.c', line 1581



static VALUE
numeric_to_c(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_complex_new1(self);
}


  








  

    #to_int  ⇒ Integer   



  

    

Invokes the child class’s to_i method to convert num to an integer.



1.0.class          #=> Float
1.0.to_int.class   #=> Integer
1.0.to_i.class     #=> Integer


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 834



static VALUE
num_to_int(VALUE num)
{
    return num_funcall0(num, id_to_i);
}


  








  

    #truncate([ndigits])  ⇒ Integer, Float   



  

    

Returns num truncated (toward zero) to a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).



Numeric implements this by converting its value to a ::Float and invoking Float#truncate.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'numeric.c', line 2483



static VALUE
num_truncate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    return flo_truncate(argc, argv, rb_Float(num));
}