Class: ActionDispatch::SSL

Do not use. This class is for internal use only.

Relationships & Source Files
Inherits:	Object
Defined in:	actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb

Overview

This middleware is added to the stack when config.force_ssl = true, and is passed the options set in config.ssl_options. It does three jobs to enforce secure HTTP requests:

**TLS redirect**: Permanently redirects http:// requests to https:// with the same URL host, path, etc. Enabled by default. Set config.ssl_options to modify the destination URL:
```
config.ssl_options = { redirect: { host: "secure.widgets.com", port: 8080 }`
```
Or set ‘redirect: false` to disable redirection.

Requests can opt-out of redirection with exclude:
```
config.ssl_options = { redirect: { exclude: -> request { request.path == "/up" } } }
```
Cookies will not be flagged as secure for excluded requests.

When proxying through a load balancer that terminates SSL, the forwarded request will appear as though it’s HTTP instead of HTTPS to the application. This makes redirects and cookie security target HTTP instead of HTTPS. To make the server assume that the proxy already terminated SSL, and that the request really is HTTPS, set config.assume_ssl to true:
```
config.assume_ssl = true
```
**Secure cookies**: Sets the secure flag on cookies to tell browsers they must not be sent along with http:// requests. Enabled by default. Set config.ssl_options with ‘secure_cookies: false` to disable this feature.
**HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)**: Tells the browser to remember this site as TLS-only and automatically redirect non-TLS requests. Enabled by default. Configure config.ssl_options with ‘hsts: false` to disable.

Set config.ssl_options with ‘hsts: { … }` to configure HSTS:
- expires: How long, in seconds, these settings will stick. The minimum required to qualify for browser preload lists is 1 year. Defaults to 2 years (recommended).
- subdomains: Set to true to tell the browser to apply these settings to all subdomains. This protects your cookies from interception by a vulnerable site on a subdomain. Defaults to true.
- preload: Advertise that this site may be included in browsers’ preloaded HSTS lists. HSTS protects your site on every visit *except the first visit* since it hasn’t seen your HSTS header yet. To close this gap, browser vendors include a baked-in list of HSTS-enabled sites. Go to hstspreload.org to submit your site for inclusion. Defaults to false.
To turn off HSTS, omitting the header is not enough. Browsers will remember the original HSTS directive until it expires. Instead, use the header to tell browsers to expire HSTS immediately. Setting ‘hsts: false` is a shortcut for `hsts: { expires: 0 }`.

Constant Summary

HSTS_EXPIRES_IN =
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 68
```
63072000
```
PERMANENT_REDIRECT_REQUEST_METHODS =
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 70
```
%w[GET HEAD]
```

Class Method Summary

.default_hsts_options
.new(app, redirect: {}, hsts: {}, secure_cookies: true, ssl_default_redirect_status: nil) ⇒ SSL constructor

Instance Method Summary

#call(env)
#build_hsts_header(hsts) private

tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-6.1.
#flag_cookies_as_secure!(headers) private
#https_location_for(request) private
#normalize_hsts_options(options) private
#redirect_to_https(request) private
#redirection_status(request) private
#set_hsts_header!(headers) private

Constructor Details

.new(app, redirect: {}, hsts: {}, secure_cookies: true, ssl_default_redirect_status: nil) ⇒ `SSL`

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 76


def initialize(app, redirect: {}, hsts: {}, secure_cookies: true, ssl_default_redirect_status: nil)
  @app = app

  @redirect = redirect

  @exclude = @redirect && @redirect[:exclude] || proc { !@redirect }
  @secure_cookies = secure_cookies

  @hsts_header = build_hsts_header(normalize_hsts_options(hsts))
  @ssl_default_redirect_status = ssl_default_redirect_status
end

Class Method Details

.default_hsts_options

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 72


def self.default_hsts_options
  { expires: HSTS_EXPIRES_IN, subdomains: true, preload: false }
end

Instance Method Details

#build_hsts_header(hsts) (private)

tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-6.1

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 122


def build_hsts_header(hsts)
  value = +"max-age=#{hsts[:expires].to_i}"
  value << "; includeSubDomains" if hsts[:subdomains]
  value << "; preload" if hsts[:preload]
  value
end

#call(env)

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 88


def call(env)
  request = Request.new env

  if request.ssl?
    @app.call(env).tap do |status, headers, body|
      set_hsts_header! headers
      flag_cookies_as_secure! headers if @secure_cookies && !@exclude.call(request)
    end
  else
    return redirect_to_https request unless @exclude.call(request)
    @app.call(env)
  end
end

#flag_cookies_as_secure!(headers) (private)

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 129


def flag_cookies_as_secure!(headers)
  cookies = headers[Rack::SET_COOKIE]
  return unless cookies

  if Gem::Version.new(Rack::RELEASE) < Gem::Version.new("3")
    cookies = cookies.split("\n")
    headers[Rack::SET_COOKIE] = cookies.map { |cookie|
      if !/;\s*secure\s*(;|$)/i.match?(cookie)
        "#{cookie}; secure"
      else
        cookie
      end
    }.join("\n")
  else
    headers[Rack::SET_COOKIE] = Array(cookies).map do |cookie|
      if !/;\s*secure\s*(;|$)/i.match?(cookie)
        "#{cookie}; secure"
      else
        cookie
      end
    end
  end
end

#https_location_for(request) (private)

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 170


def https_location_for(request)
  host = @redirect[:host] || request.host
  port = @redirect[:port] || request.port

  location = +"https://#{host}"
  location << ":#{port}" if port != 80 && port != 443
  location << request.fullpath
  location
end

#normalize_hsts_options(options) (private)

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 107


def normalize_hsts_options(options)
  case options
  # Explicitly disabling HSTS clears the existing setting from browsers by setting
  # expiry to 0.
  when false
    self.class.default_hsts_options.merge(expires: 0)
  # Default to enabled, with default options.
  when nil, true
    self.class.default_hsts_options
  else
    self.class.default_hsts_options.merge(options)
  end
end

#redirect_to_https(request) (private)

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 153


def redirect_to_https(request)
  [ @redirect.fetch(:status, redirection_status(request)),
    { Rack::CONTENT_TYPE => "text/html; charset=utf-8",
      Constants::LOCATION => https_location_for(request) },
    (@redirect[:body] || []) ]
end

#redirection_status(request) (private)

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 160


def redirection_status(request)
  if PERMANENT_REDIRECT_REQUEST_METHODS.include?(request.raw_request_method)
    301 # Issue a permanent redirect via a GET request.
  elsif @ssl_default_redirect_status
    @ssl_default_redirect_status
  else
    307 # Issue a fresh request redirect to preserve the HTTP method.
  end
end

#set_hsts_header!(headers) (private)

[ GitHub ]

# File 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb', line 103


def set_hsts_header!(headers)
  headers[Constants::STRICT_TRANSPORT_SECURITY] ||= @hsts_header
end

Class: ActionDispatch::SSL

Overview

Constant Summary

Class Method Summary

Instance Method Summary

Constructor Details

.new(app, redirect: {}, hsts: {}, secure_cookies: true, ssl_default_redirect_status: nil) ⇒ SSL

Class Method Details

.default_hsts_options

Instance Method Details

#build_hsts_header(hsts) (private)

#call(env)

#flag_cookies_as_secure!(headers) (private)

#https_location_for(request) (private)

#normalize_hsts_options(options) (private)

#redirect_to_https(request) (private)

#redirection_status(request) (private)

#set_hsts_header!(headers) (private)

.new(app, redirect: {}, hsts: {}, secure_cookies: true, ssl_default_redirect_status: nil) ⇒ `SSL`