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Class: ActiveSupport::TimeZone

Relationships & Source Files
Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance
Instance Chain:
self, Comparable
Inherits: Object
Defined in: activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb

Overview

The TimeZone class serves as a wrapper around TZInfo::Timezone instances. It allows us to do the following:

  • Limit the set of zones provided by TZInfo to a meaningful subset of 134 zones.

  • Retrieve and display zones with a friendlier name (e.g., “Eastern Time (US & Canada)” instead of “America/New_York”).

  • Lazily load TZInfo::Timezone instances only when they’re needed.

  • Create TimeWithZone instances via TimeZone’s #local, #parse, #at, and #now methods.

If you set config.time_zone in the Rails Application, you can access this TimeZone object via Time.zone:

# application.rb:
class Application < Rails::Application
  config.time_zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
end

Time.zone      # => #<ActiveSupport::TimeZone:0x514834...>
Time.zone.name # => "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
Time.zone.now  # => Sun, 18 May 2008 14:30:44 EDT -04:00

Constant Summary

  • MAPPING =

    Keys are Rails TimeZone names, values are TZInfo identifiers.

    # File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 33
    {
      "International Date Line West" => "Etc/GMT+12",
      "Midway Island"                => "Pacific/Midway",
      "American Samoa"               => "Pacific/Pago_Pago",
      "Hawaii"                       => "Pacific/Honolulu",
      "Alaska"                       => "America/Juneau",
      "Pacific Time (US & Canada)"   => "America/Los_Angeles",
      "Tijuana"                      => "America/Tijuana",
      "Mountain Time (US & Canada)"  => "America/Denver",
      "Arizona"                      => "America/Phoenix",
      "Chihuahua"                    => "America/Chihuahua",
      "Mazatlan"                     => "America/Mazatlan",
      "Central Time (US & Canada)"   => "America/Chicago",
      "Saskatchewan"                 => "America/Regina",
      "Guadalajara"                  => "America/Mexico_City",
      "Mexico City"                  => "America/Mexico_City",
      "Monterrey"                    => "America/Monterrey",
      "Central America"              => "America/Guatemala",
      "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"   => "America/New_York",
      "Indiana (East)"               => "America/Indiana/Indianapolis",
      "Bogota"                       => "America/Bogota",
      "Lima"                         => "America/Lima",
      "Quito"                        => "America/Lima",
      "Atlantic Time (Canada)"       => "America/Halifax",
      "Caracas"                      => "America/Caracas",
      "La Paz"                       => "America/La_Paz",
      "Santiago"                     => "America/Santiago",
      "Newfoundland"                 => "America/St_Johns",
      "Brasilia"                     => "America/Sao_Paulo",
      "Buenos Aires"                 => "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires",
      "Montevideo"                   => "America/Montevideo",
      "Georgetown"                   => "America/Guyana",
      "Puerto Rico"                  => "America/Puerto_Rico",
      "Greenland"                    => "America/Godthab",
      "Mid-Atlantic"                 => "Atlantic/South_Georgia",
      "Azores"                       => "Atlantic/Azores",
      "Cape Verde Is."               => "Atlantic/Cape_Verde",
      "Dublin"                       => "Europe/Dublin",
      "Edinburgh"                    => "Europe/London",
      "Lisbon"                       => "Europe/Lisbon",
      "London"                       => "Europe/London",
      "Casablanca"                   => "Africa/Casablanca",
      "Monrovia"                     => "Africa/Monrovia",
      "UTC"                          => "Etc/UTC",
      "Belgrade"                     => "Europe/Belgrade",
      "Bratislava"                   => "Europe/Bratislava",
      "Budapest"                     => "Europe/Budapest",
      "Ljubljana"                    => "Europe/Ljubljana",
      "Prague"                       => "Europe/Prague",
      "Sarajevo"                     => "Europe/Sarajevo",
      "Skopje"                       => "Europe/Skopje",
      "Warsaw"                       => "Europe/Warsaw",
      "Zagreb"                       => "Europe/Zagreb",
      "Brussels"                     => "Europe/Brussels",
      "Copenhagen"                   => "Europe/Copenhagen",
      "Madrid"                       => "Europe/Madrid",
      "Paris"                        => "Europe/Paris",
      "Amsterdam"                    => "Europe/Amsterdam",
      "Berlin"                       => "Europe/Berlin",
      "Bern"                         => "Europe/Zurich",
      "Zurich"                       => "Europe/Zurich",
      "Rome"                         => "Europe/Rome",
      "Stockholm"                    => "Europe/Stockholm",
      "Vienna"                       => "Europe/Vienna",
      "West Central Africa"          => "Africa/Algiers",
      "Bucharest"                    => "Europe/Bucharest",
      "Cairo"                        => "Africa/Cairo",
      "Helsinki"                     => "Europe/Helsinki",
      "Kyiv"                         => "Europe/Kiev",
      "Riga"                         => "Europe/Riga",
      "Sofia"                        => "Europe/Sofia",
      "Tallinn"                      => "Europe/Tallinn",
      "Vilnius"                      => "Europe/Vilnius",
      "Athens"                       => "Europe/Athens",
      "Istanbul"                     => "Europe/Istanbul",
      "Minsk"                        => "Europe/Minsk",
      "Jerusalem"                    => "Asia/Jerusalem",
      "Harare"                       => "Africa/Harare",
      "Pretoria"                     => "Africa/Johannesburg",
      "Kaliningrad"                  => "Europe/Kaliningrad",
      "Moscow"                       => "Europe/Moscow",
      "St. Petersburg"               => "Europe/Moscow",
      "Volgograd"                    => "Europe/Volgograd",
      "Samara"                       => "Europe/Samara",
      "Kuwait"                       => "Asia/Kuwait",
      "Riyadh"                       => "Asia/Riyadh",
      "Nairobi"                      => "Africa/Nairobi",
      "Baghdad"                      => "Asia/Baghdad",
      "Tehran"                       => "Asia/Tehran",
      "Abu Dhabi"                    => "Asia/Muscat",
      "Muscat"                       => "Asia/Muscat",
      "Baku"                         => "Asia/Baku",
      "Tbilisi"                      => "Asia/Tbilisi",
      "Yerevan"                      => "Asia/Yerevan",
      "Kabul"                        => "Asia/Kabul",
      "Ekaterinburg"                 => "Asia/Yekaterinburg",
      "Islamabad"                    => "Asia/Karachi",
      "Karachi"                      => "Asia/Karachi",
      "Tashkent"                     => "Asia/Tashkent",
      "Chennai"                      => "Asia/Kolkata",
      "Kolkata"                      => "Asia/Kolkata",
      "Mumbai"                       => "Asia/Kolkata",
      "New Delhi"                    => "Asia/Kolkata",
      "Kathmandu"                    => "Asia/Kathmandu",
      "Astana"                       => "Asia/Dhaka",
      "Dhaka"                        => "Asia/Dhaka",
      "Sri Jayawardenepura"          => "Asia/Colombo",
      "Almaty"                       => "Asia/Almaty",
      "Novosibirsk"                  => "Asia/Novosibirsk",
      "Rangoon"                      => "Asia/Rangoon",
      "Bangkok"                      => "Asia/Bangkok",
      "Hanoi"                        => "Asia/Bangkok",
      "Jakarta"                      => "Asia/Jakarta",
      "Krasnoyarsk"                  => "Asia/Krasnoyarsk",
      "Beijing"                      => "Asia/Shanghai",
      "Chongqing"                    => "Asia/Chongqing",
      "Hong Kong"                    => "Asia/Hong_Kong",
      "Urumqi"                       => "Asia/Urumqi",
      "Kuala Lumpur"                 => "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur",
      "Singapore"                    => "Asia/Singapore",
      "Taipei"                       => "Asia/Taipei",
      "Perth"                        => "Australia/Perth",
      "Irkutsk"                      => "Asia/Irkutsk",
      "Ulaanbaatar"                  => "Asia/Ulaanbaatar",
      "Seoul"                        => "Asia/Seoul",
      "Osaka"                        => "Asia/Tokyo",
      "Sapporo"                      => "Asia/Tokyo",
      "Tokyo"                        => "Asia/Tokyo",
      "Yakutsk"                      => "Asia/Yakutsk",
      "Darwin"                       => "Australia/Darwin",
      "Adelaide"                     => "Australia/Adelaide",
      "Canberra"                     => "Australia/Canberra",
      "Melbourne"                    => "Australia/Melbourne",
      "Sydney"                       => "Australia/Sydney",
      "Brisbane"                     => "Australia/Brisbane",
      "Hobart"                       => "Australia/Hobart",
      "Vladivostok"                  => "Asia/Vladivostok",
      "Guam"                         => "Pacific/Guam",
      "Port Moresby"                 => "Pacific/Port_Moresby",
      "Magadan"                      => "Asia/Magadan",
      "Srednekolymsk"                => "Asia/Srednekolymsk",
      "Solomon Is."                  => "Pacific/Guadalcanal",
      "New Caledonia"                => "Pacific/Noumea",
      "Fiji"                         => "Pacific/Fiji",
      "Kamchatka"                    => "Asia/Kamchatka",
      "Marshall Is."                 => "Pacific/Majuro",
      "Auckland"                     => "Pacific/Auckland",
      "Wellington"                   => "Pacific/Auckland",
      "Nuku'alofa"                   => "Pacific/Tongatapu",
      "Tokelau Is."                  => "Pacific/Fakaofo",
      "Chatham Is."                  => "Pacific/Chatham",
      "Samoa"                        => "Pacific/Apia"
    }

Class Method Summary

Instance Attribute Summary

Instance Method Summary

Constructor Details

.new(name) ⇒ TimeZone

Returns a TimeZone instance with the given name, or nil if no such TimeZone instance exists. (This exists to support the use of this class with the composed_of macro.)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 218

def new(name)
  self[name]
end

Class Method Details

.[](arg)

Locate a specific time zone object. If the argument is a string, it is interpreted to mean the name of the timezone to locate. If it is a numeric value it is either the hour offset, or the second offset, of the timezone to find. (The first one with that offset will be returned.) Returns nil if no such time zone is known to the system.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 234

def [](arg)
  case arg
  when self
    arg
  when String
    begin
      @lazy_zones_map[arg] ||= create(arg)
    rescue TZInfo::InvalidTimezoneIdentifier
      nil
    end
  when TZInfo::Timezone
    @lazy_zones_map[arg.name] ||= create(arg.name, nil, arg)
  when Numeric, ActiveSupport::Duration
    arg *= 3600 if arg.abs <= 13
    all.find { |z| z.utc_offset == arg.to_i }
  else
    raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument to TimeZone[]: #{arg.inspect}"
  end
end

.all

Returns an array of all TimeZone objects. There are multiple TimeZone objects per time zone, in many cases, to make it easier for users to find their own time zone.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 225

def all
  @zones ||= zones_map.values.sort
end

.country_zones(country_code)

A convenience method for returning a collection of TimeZone objects for time zones in the country specified by its ISO 3166-1 Alpha2 code.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 262

def country_zones(country_code)
  code = country_code.to_s.upcase
  @country_zones[code] ||= load_country_zones(code)
end

.find_tzinfo(name)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 207

def find_tzinfo(name)
  TZInfo::Timezone.get(MAPPING[name] || name)
end

.seconds_to_utc_offset(seconds, colon = true)

Assumes self represents an offset from UTC in seconds (as returned from Time#utc_offset) and turns this into an +HH:MM formatted string.

ActiveSupport::TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset(-21_600) # => "-06:00"
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 199

def seconds_to_utc_offset(seconds, colon = true)
  format = colon ? UTC_OFFSET_WITH_COLON : UTC_OFFSET_WITHOUT_COLON
  sign = (seconds < 0 ? "-" : "+")
  hours = seconds.abs / 3600
  minutes = (seconds.abs % 3600) / 60
  format % [sign, hours, minutes]
end

.us_zones

A convenience method for returning a collection of TimeZone objects for time zones in the USA.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 256

def us_zones
  country_zones(:us)
end

Instance Attribute Details

#name (readonly)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 298

attr_reader :name

#tzinfo (readonly)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 299

attr_reader :tzinfo

Instance Method Details

#<=>(zone)

Compare this time zone to the parameter. The two are compared first on their offsets, and then by name.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 335

def <=>(zone)
  return unless zone.respond_to? :utc_offset
  result = (utc_offset <=> zone.utc_offset)
  result = (name <=> zone.name) if result == 0
  result
end

#=~(re)

Compare #name and TZInfo identifier to a supplied regexp, returning true if a match is found.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 344

def =~(re)
  re === name || re === MAPPING[name]
end

#at(*args)

::Method for creating new TimeWithZone instance in time zone of self from number of seconds since the Unix epoch.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'        # => "Hawaii"
Time.utc(2000).to_f         # => 946684800.0
Time.zone.at(946684800.0)   # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00

A second argument can be supplied to specify sub-second precision.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'                # => "Hawaii"
Time.at(946684800, 123456.789).nsec # => 123456789
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 381

def at(*args)
  Time.at(*args).utc.in_time_zone(self)
end

#formatted_offset(colon = true, alternate_utc_string = nil)

Returns a formatted string of the offset from UTC, or an alternative string if the time zone is already UTC.

zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Central Time (US & Canada)']
zone.formatted_offset        # => "-06:00"
zone.formatted_offset(false) # => "-0600"
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 329

def formatted_offset(colon = true, alternate_utc_string = nil)
  utc_offset == 0 && alternate_utc_string || self.class.seconds_to_utc_offset(utc_offset, colon)
end

#iso8601(str)

::Method for creating new TimeWithZone instance in time zone of self from an ISO 8601 string.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'                     # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.iso8601('1999-12-31T14:00:00') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00

If the time components are missing then they will be set to zero.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'            # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.iso8601('1999-12-31') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 00:00:00 HST -10:00

If the string is invalid then an ArgumentError will be raised unlike #parse which usually returns nil when given an invalid date string.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 398

def iso8601(str)
  # Historically `Date._iso8601(nil)` returns `{}`, but in the `date` gem versions `3.2.1`, `3.1.2`, `3.0.2`,
  # and `2.0.1`, `Date._iso8601(nil)` raises `TypeError` https://github.com/ruby/date/issues/39
  # Future `date` releases are expected to revert back to the original behavior.
  raise ArgumentError, "invalid date" if str.nil?

  parts = Date._iso8601(str)

  year = parts.fetch(:year)

  if parts.key?(:yday)
    ordinal_date = Date.ordinal(year, parts.fetch(:yday))
    month = ordinal_date.month
    day = ordinal_date.day
  else
    month = parts.fetch(:mon)
    day = parts.fetch(:mday)
  end

  time = Time.new(
    year,
    month,
    day,
    parts.fetch(:hour, 0),
    parts.fetch(:min, 0),
    parts.fetch(:sec, 0) + parts.fetch(:sec_fraction, 0),
    parts.fetch(:offset, 0)
  )

  if parts[:offset]
    TimeWithZone.new(time.utc, self)
  else
    TimeWithZone.new(nil, self, time)
  end

rescue Date::Error, KeyError
  raise ArgumentError, "invalid date"
end

#local(*args)

::Method for creating new TimeWithZone instance in time zone of self from given values.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'                    # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.local(2007, 2, 1, 15, 30, 45) # => Thu, 01 Feb 2007 15:30:45 HST -10:00
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 365

def local(*args)
  time = Time.utc(*args)
  ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.new(nil, self, time)
end

#local_to_utc(time, dst = true)

Adjust the given time to the simultaneous time in UTC. Returns a Time.utc() instance.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 553

def local_to_utc(time, dst = true)
  tzinfo.local_to_utc(time, dst)
end

#match?(re) ⇒ Boolean

Compare #name and TZInfo identifier to a supplied regexp, returning true if a match is found.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 350

def match?(re)
  (re == name) || (re == MAPPING[name]) ||
    ((Regexp === re) && (re.match?(name) || re.match?(MAPPING[name])))
end

#now

Returns an TimeWithZone instance representing the current time in the time zone represented by self.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'  # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.now         # => Wed, 23 Jan 2008 20:24:27 HST -10:00
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 518

def now
  time_now.utc.in_time_zone(self)
end

#parse(str, now = now())

::Method for creating new TimeWithZone instance in time zone of self from parsed string.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'                   # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.parse('1999-12-31 14:00:00') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00

If upper components are missing from the string, they are supplied from #now:

Time.zone.now               # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
Time.zone.parse('22:30:00') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 22:30:00 HST -10:00

However, if the date component is not provided, but any other upper components are supplied, then the day of the month defaults to 1:

Time.zone.parse('Mar 2000') # => Wed, 01 Mar 2000 00:00:00 HST -10:00

If the string is invalid then an ArgumentError could be raised.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 455

def parse(str, now = now())
  parts_to_time(Date._parse(str, false), now)
end

#period_for_local(time, dst = true)

Available so that TimeZone instances respond like TZInfo::Timezone instances.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 565

def period_for_local(time, dst = true)
  tzinfo.period_for_local(time, dst) { |periods| periods.last }
end

#period_for_utc(time)

Available so that TimeZone instances respond like TZInfo::Timezone instances.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 559

def period_for_utc(time)
  tzinfo.period_for_utc(time)
end

#rfc3339(str)

::Method for creating new TimeWithZone instance in time zone of self from an RFC 3339 string.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'                     # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.rfc3339('2000-01-01T00:00:00Z') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00

If the time or zone components are missing then an ArgumentError will be raised. This is much stricter than either #parse or #iso8601 which allow for missing components.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'            # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.rfc3339('1999-12-31') # => ArgumentError: invalid date

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError)
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 471

def rfc3339(str)
  parts = Date._rfc3339(str)

  raise ArgumentError, "invalid date" if parts.empty?

  time = Time.new(
    parts.fetch(:year),
    parts.fetch(:mon),
    parts.fetch(:mday),
    parts.fetch(:hour),
    parts.fetch(:min),
    parts.fetch(:sec) + parts.fetch(:sec_fraction, 0),
    parts.fetch(:offset)
  )

  TimeWithZone.new(time.utc, self)
end

#strptime(str, format, now = now())

Parses str according to format and returns an TimeWithZone.

Assumes that str is a time in the time zone self, unless format includes an explicit time zone. (This is the same behavior as #parse.) In either case, the returned TimeWithZone has the timezone of self.

Time.zone = 'Hawaii'                   # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.strptime('1999-12-31 14:00:00', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00

If upper components are missing from the string, they are supplied from #now:

Time.zone.now                              # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
Time.zone.strptime('22:30:00', '%H:%M:%S') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 22:30:00 HST -10:00

However, if the date component is not provided, but any other upper components are supplied, then the day of the month defaults to 1:

Time.zone.strptime('Mar 2000', '%b %Y') # => Wed, 01 Mar 2000 00:00:00 HST -10:00
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 509

def strptime(str, format, now = now())
  parts_to_time(DateTime._strptime(str, format), now)
end

#to_s

Returns a textual representation of this time zone.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 356

def to_s
  "(GMT#{formatted_offset}) #{name}"
end

#today

Returns the current date in this time zone.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 523

def today
  tzinfo.now.to_date
end

#tomorrow

Returns the next date in this time zone.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 528

def tomorrow
  today + 1
end

#utc_offset

Returns the offset of this time zone from UTC in seconds.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 319

def utc_offset
  @utc_offset || tzinfo&.current_period&.base_utc_offset
end

#utc_to_local(time)

Adjust the given time to the simultaneous time in the time zone represented by self. Returns a local time with the appropriate offset – if you want an TimeWithZone instance, use Time#in_time_zone() instead.

As of tzinfo 2, utc_to_local returns a ::Time with a non-zero utc_offset. See the ActiveSupport.utc_to_local_returns_utc_offset_times config for more info.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 544

def utc_to_local(time)
  tzinfo.utc_to_local(time).yield_self do |t|
    ActiveSupport.utc_to_local_returns_utc_offset_times ?
      t : Time.utc(t.year, t.month, t.day, t.hour, t.min, t.sec, t.sec_fraction * 1_000_000)
  end
end

#yesterday

Returns the previous date in this time zone.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb', line 533

def yesterday
  today - 1
end