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Class: Geom::Vector3d

Relationships
Inherits: Object

Overview

The Vector3d class is used to represent vectors in a 3 dimensional space. Vectors in SketchUp have a direction and a length, but not a starting point.

There are numerous tutorials on 3D vectors available on the internet.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

Class Method Summary

Instance Attribute Summary

Instance Method Summary

Constructor Details

.new ⇒ Vector3d .new(x, y, z) ⇒ Vector3d .new(array3d) ⇒ Vector3d .new(array2d) ⇒ Vector3d .new(vector) ⇒ Vector3d

The new method is used to create a new vector.

Examples:

# A vector that runs up the Z axis.
vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
if (vector)
  UI.messagebox vector
else
  UI.messagebox "Failure"
end

Overloads:

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

Class Method Details

.linear_combination(weight1, vector1, weight2, vector2) ⇒ Vector3d .linear_combination(x, xaxis, y, yaxis, z, zaxis) ⇒ Vector3d

The .linear_combination method is used to create a new vector as a linear combination of other vectors. This method is generally used to get a vector at some percentage between two vectors.

A linear combination is a standard term for vector math. It is defined as vector = weight1 * vector1 + weight2 * vector2.

Examples:

# Create a vector that is a 50%/50% linear combination of two others.
vec1 = Geom::Vector3d.new 3,0,0
vec2 = Geom::Vector3d.new 0,3,0
new_vector = Geom::Vector3d.linear_combination(0.5, vec1, 0.5, vec2)
# new_vector will now contain a Vector3d(1.5, 1.5, 0)

Overloads:

  • .linear_combination(weight1, vector1, weight2, vector2) ⇒ Vector3d

    Parameters:

    • weight1 (Numeric) —

      A weight or percentage.

    • vector1 (Vector3d) —

      The first vector.

    • weight2 (Numeric) —

      A weight or percentage.

    • vector2 (Vector3d) —

      The second vector.

  • .linear_combination(x, xaxis, y, yaxis, z, zaxis) ⇒ Vector3d

    Parameters:

    • x (Numeric) —

      A weight or percentage for the x axis.

    • xaxis (Vector3d) —

      The x axis vector.

    • y (Numeric) —

      A weight or percentage for the y axis.

    • yaxis (Vector3d) —

      The y axis vector.

    • z (Numeric) —

      A weight or percentage for the z axis.

    • zaxis (Vector3d) —

      The z axis vector.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

Instance Attribute Details

#length ⇒ Length (rw)

The length method is used to retrieve the length of the vector.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
l = vector.length

Returns:

  • (Length) —

    the length of the vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#length=(length) ⇒ Numeric (rw)

The length= method is used to set the length of the vector. The length must be greater than 0.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
l = vector.length
UI.messagebox(l)
newl = vector.length = 2

Parameters:

  • length (Numeric) —

    A length for the vector.

Returns:

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#unitvector? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)

The unitvector? method is used to see if the vector is a unit vector.

This is equivalent to vec.length == 1.0

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
status = vector.unitvector?

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#valid? ⇒ Boolean (readonly)

The valid? method is used to verify if a vector is valid. A vector is valid if its length is not zero.

Examples:

# A zero length vector will be invalid
vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,0)
status = vector.valid?
# A non-zero length vector is valid
vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
status = vector.valid?

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#x ⇒ Length (rw)

The x method is used to retrieve the x coordinate of the vector.

Examples:

x = vector.x

Returns:

  • (Length) —

    the x coordinate of the vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#x=(x) ⇒ Numeric (rw)

The x= method is used to set the x coordinate of the vector.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new 1,2,3
x = vector.x = 10

Parameters:

  • x (Numeric) —

    The x coordinate for the vector.

Returns:

  • (Numeric) —

    the newly set x coordinate for the vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#y ⇒ Length (rw)

The y method is used to retrieve the y coordinate of the vector.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,2,3)
y = vector.y

Returns:

  • (Length) —

    the y coordinate of the vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#y=(y) ⇒ Numeric (rw)

Set the y coordinate of the vector.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,2,3)
y = vector.y = 10

Parameters:

  • y (Numeric) —

    The y coordinate for the vector.

Returns:

  • (Numeric) —

    the newly set y coordinate for the vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#z ⇒ Length (rw)

Get the z coordinate of the vector.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,2,3)
z = vector.z

Returns:

  • (Length) —

    the z coordinate of the vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#z=(z) ⇒ Numeric (rw)

Set the z coordinate of the vector.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,2,3)
z = vector.z = 10

Parameters:

  • z (Numeric) —

    The z coordinate for the vector.

Returns:

  • (Numeric) —

    the newly set z coordinate for the vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

Instance Method Details

#%(vector) ⇒ Float

The #% method is used to compute the dot product between two vectors.

This is an alias of the #dot method.

Examples:

vector1 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0, 0, 1)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0, 1, 0)
dot = vector1 % vector2

Parameters:

  • vector (Vector3d)

See Also:

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#*(vector) ⇒ Vector3d

The #* method is used to compute the cross product between two vectors.

The cross product, also called the vector product, is an operation on two vectors. The cross product of two vectors produces a third vector which is perpendicular to the plane in which the first two lie.

This is an alias of the #cross method.

Examples:

vector1 = Geom::Vector3d.new(1, 0, 0)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0, 1, 0)
vector3 = vector1 * vector2
vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1, 0, 0)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0, 1, 0)
vector3 = vector.cross(vector2)

Parameters:

  • vector (Vector3d)

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    the cross of vector1 and vector2

See Also:

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#+(vector2) ⇒ Vector3d

The - method is used to add a vector to this one.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,2)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,1,0)
new_vector = vector + vector2

Parameters:

  • vector2 —

    A Vector3d object.

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    the new vector.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#-(vector2) ⇒ Vector3d

The - method is used to subtract a vector from this one.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,2)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,1,0)
new_vector = vector - vector2

Parameters:

  • vector2 —

    A Vector3d object.

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    the new vector.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#<(vector2) ⇒ Boolean

The < method is used to determine if a vector’s x, y or z value is less than another vector’s x, y or z value.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,2)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,1,0)
lt = vector < vector2

Parameters:

  • vector2 —

    A Vector3d object.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    true if the vector’s x, y or z component is less

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#==(vector2) ⇒ Boolean

The == method is used to determine if two vectors are equal to within tolerance.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,0,0)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,1,0)
status = vector == vector2
# Returns false
UI.messagebox status

Parameters:

  • vector2 —

    A Vector3d object.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#[](i) ⇒ Length

The [] method is used to access the coordinates of a vector as if it was an ::Array. The index must be 0, 1 or 2.

The following are equivalent:

Examples:

x = vector.x
x = vector[0]
vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,0,0)
value = vector[0]
if (value)
  UI.messagebox value
else
  UI.messagebox "Failure"
end

Parameters:

  • i (Integer) —

    An index into an array of three coordinates.

Returns:

  • (Length) —

    the value for the x, y, or z coordinate.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#[]=(index, value) ⇒ Numeric

The []= method is used to set the coordinates of a vector as if it was an ::Array. The value of i must be 0, 1 or 2.

Examples:

vector[i] = coordinate

Parameters:

  • index (Integer) —

    The index for the x, y, or z coordinate.

  • value (Numeric) —

    The value for the x, y, or z coordinate.

Returns:

  • (Numeric) —

    the newly set coordinate value

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#angle_between(vector2) ⇒ Float

The angle_between method is used to compute the angle (in radians) between this vector and another vector.

Examples:

vector1 = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,0,0)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,1,0)
angle = vector1.angle_between vector2

Parameters:

  • vector2 (Vector3d) —

    A Vector3d object.

Returns:

  • (Float) —

    an angle (in radians)

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#axes ⇒ Array(Vector3d, Vector3d, Vector3d)

The axes method is used to compute an arbitrary set of axes with the given vector as the z-axis direction.

Returns an ::Array of three vectors [xaxis, yaxis, zaxis]

Vector3d objects

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,0,0)
a = vector.axes

Returns:

  • (Array(Vector3d, Vector3d, Vector3d)) —

    an ::Array object containing three

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#clone ⇒ Vector3d

The clone method is used to make a copy of a vector.

This method is equivalent to vec2 = Vector3d.new(vec)

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1,0,0)
vector2 = vector.clone

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    a Vector3d object which is the clone of vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#cross(vector) ⇒ Vector3d

The #cross method is used to compute the cross product between two vectors.

The cross product, also called the vector product, is an operation on two vectors. The cross product of two vectors produces a third vector which is perpendicular to the plane in which the first two lie.

Examples:

vector1 = Geom::Vector3d.new(1, 0, 0)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0, 1, 0)
vector3 = vector1 * vector2
vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(1, 0, 0)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0, 1, 0)
vector3 = vector.cross(vector2)

Parameters:

  • vector (Vector3d)

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    the cross of vector1 and vector2

See Also:

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#dot(vector) ⇒ Float

The #dot method is used to compute the dot product between two vectors.

Examples:

vector1 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0, 0, 1)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0, 1, 0)
dot = vector1.dot(vector2)

Parameters:

  • vector (Vector3d)

See Also:

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#inspect ⇒ Vector3d

The inspect method is used to inspect the contents of a vector as a friendly string.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
out_string = vector.inspect
puts out_string

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    the Vector3d object

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#normalize ⇒ Vector3d

The normalize method is used to return a vector that is a unit vector of another.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,2)
vector2 = vector.normalize

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    a new normalized Vector3d object

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#normalize! ⇒ Vector3d

The normalize! method is used to convert a vector into a unit vector, in place.

Another way to do this is vec.length = 1

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,2)
vector.normalize!

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    a normalized Vector3d object

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#parallel?(vector2) ⇒ Boolean

The parallel method is used to determine if this vector is parallel to another vector to within tolerance.

Examples:

status = vector.parallel?(vector2)

Parameters:

  • vector2 (Vector3d) —

    A Vector3d object.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#perpendicular?(vector2) ⇒ Boolean

The perpendicular? method is used to determine if this vector is perpendicular to another vector to within tolerance.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,1,0)
status = vector.perpendicular?(vector2)

Parameters:

  • vector2 (Vector3d) —

    A Vector3d object.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#reverse ⇒ Vector3d

The reverse method is used to return a new vector that is the reverse of this vector, while leaving the original unchanged.

Examples:

vector2 = vector.reverse

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    a Vector3d object that is the reverse of vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#reverse! ⇒ Vector3d

The reverse! method is used to reverse the vector in place.

Examples:

vector.reverse!

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    a Vector3d object that is the reverse of vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#samedirection?(vector2) ⇒ Boolean

The samedirection? method is used to determine if this vector is parallel to and in the same direction as another vector to within tolerance.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
vector2 = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,1,0)
status = vector.samedirection?(vector2)

Parameters:

  • vector2 (Vector3d) —

    A Vector3d object.

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#set!(array3d) ⇒ Vector3d #set!(vector) ⇒ Vector3d #set!(x, y, z) ⇒ Vector3d

The set! method is used to set the coordinates of the vector.

Examples:

This is a shortcut for writing:

vec.x = x
vec.y = y
vec.z = z

You may also call this method with an array or another vector:

vec.set!(x, y, z)
vec.set!([x, y, z])
vec.set!(vec2)
vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
vector.set! 1,0,0

Overloads:

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#to_a ⇒ Array(Length, Length, Length)

The to_a method retrieves the coordinates of the vector in an ::Array [x, y, z].

Examples:

a = vector.to_a

Returns:

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#to_s ⇒ String

The to_s method is used to format the vector as a ::String.

Examples:

vector = Geom::Vector3d.new(0,0,1)
out_string = vector.to_s
puts out_string

Returns:

  • (String) —

    a string representation of vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#transform(transform) ⇒ Vector3d

Apply a Transformation to a vector, returning a new vector. The original vector is unchanged by this method.

Examples:

vector2 = vector.transform(transformation)

Parameters:

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    the newly transformed vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0

#transform!(transform) ⇒ Vector3d

Apply a Transformation to a vector. The vector itself is modified.

Examples:

vector.transform!(transformation)

Parameters:

Returns:

  • (Vector3d) —

    the transformed vector

Version:

  • SketchUp 6.0