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Class: Sinatra::Base

Relationships & Source Files
Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance Descendants
Subclasses:
Application
Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance
Instance Chain:
self, Templates, Helpers, Rack::Utils
Inherits: Object
Defined in: lib/sinatra/base.rb

Overview

Base class for all ::Sinatra applications and middleware.

Constant Summary

  • CALLERS_TO_IGNORE = Internal use only
    # File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1289 
    [ # :nodoc:
  %r{/sinatra(/(base|main|show_exceptions))?\.rb$},   # all sinatra code
  %r{lib/tilt.*\.rb$},                                # all tilt code
  /^\(.*\)$/,                                         # generated code
  /\/bundled_gems.rb$/,                               # ruby >= 3.3 with bundler >= 2.5
  %r{rubygems/(custom|core_ext/kernel)_require\.rb$}, # rubygems require hacks
  /active_support/,                                   # active_support require hacks
  %r{bundler(/(?:runtime|inline))?\.rb},              # bundler require hacks
  /<internal:/,                                       # internal in ruby >= 1.9.2
  %r{zeitwerk/(core_ext/)?kernel\.rb}                 # Zeitwerk kernel#require decorator
].freeze
  • URI_INSTANCE =
    # File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 978 
    defined?(URI::RFC2396_PARSER) ? URI::RFC2396_PARSER : URI::RFC2396_Parser.new

Helpers - Included

ETAG_KINDS, MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_REPLACEMENT_TABLE

Class Attribute Summary

Class Method Summary

Instance Attribute Summary

Helpers - Included

#bad_request?

whether or not the status is set to 400.
#client_error?

whether or not the status is set to 4xx.
#informational?

whether or not the status is set to 1xx.
#not_found?

whether or not the status is set to 404.
#redirect?

whether or not the status is set to 3xx.
#server_error?

whether or not the status is set to 5xx.
#success?

whether or not the status is set to 2xx.

Instance Method Summary

Templates - Included

#asciidoc, #builder, #erb,
#find_template

Calls the given block for every possible template file in views, named name.ext, where ext is registered on engine.
#haml, #initialize, #liquid, #markaby, #markdown, #nokogiri, #rabl, #rdoc, #sass, #scss, #slim, #yajl, #compile_block_template, #compile_template, #render,
#render_ruby

logic shared between builder and nokogiri.

Helpers - Included

#attachment

Set the Content-Disposition to "attachment" with the specified filename, instructing the user agents to prompt to save.
#back

Sugar for redirect (example: redirect back).
#body

Set or retrieve the response body.
#cache_control

Specify response freshness policy for HTTP caches (Cache-Control header).
#content_type

Set the content-type of the response body given a media type or file extension.
#error

Halt processing and return the error status provided.
#etag

Set the response entity tag (HTTP 'ETag' header) and halt if conditional GET matches.
#expires

Set the Expires header and Cache-Control/max-age directive.
#headers

Set multiple response headers with Hash.
#last_modified

Set the last modified time of the resource (HTTP 'Last-Modified' header) and halt if conditional GET matches.
#logger

Access shared logger object.
#mime_type

Look up a media type by file extension in Rack's mime registry.
#not_found

Halt processing and return a 404 Not Found.
#redirect

Halt processing and redirect to the URI provided.
#send_file

Use the contents of the file at path as the response body.
#session

Access the underlying ::Rack session.
#status

Set or retrieve the response status code.
#stream

Allows to start sending data to the client even though later parts of the response body have not yet been generated.
#time_for

Generates a Time object from the given value.
#to

Alias for Helpers#uri.
#uri

Generates the absolute URI for a given path in the app.
#url

Alias for Helpers#uri.
#etag_matches?

Helper method checking if a ETag value list includes the current ETag.
#with_params

Constructor Details

.new(*args, &block) ⇒ Base Also known as: .new!, .new!

Create a new instance of the class fronted by its middleware pipeline. The object is guaranteed to respond to #call but may not be an instance of the class new was called on.

[ GitHub ] 

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1660



def initialize(app = nil, **_kwargs)
  super()
  @app = app
  @template_cache = TemplateCache.new
  @pinned_response = nil # whether a before! filter pinned the content-type
  yield self if block_given?
end


  







Class Attribute Details



  

    .development?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1571



def development?; environment == :development end


  








  

    .errors   (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1301



attr_reader :routes, :filters, :templates, :errors, :on_start_callback, :on_stop_callback


  








  

    .filters   (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1301



attr_reader :routes, :filters, :templates, :errors, :on_start_callback, :on_stop_callback


  








  

    .on_start_callback   (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1301



attr_reader :routes, :filters, :templates, :errors, :on_start_callback, :on_stop_callback


  








  

    .on_stop_callback   (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1301



attr_reader :routes, :filters, :templates, :errors, :on_start_callback, :on_stop_callback


  








  

    .production?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1572



def production?;  environment == :production  end


  








  

    .public=(value)   (writeonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1514



def public=(value)
  warn_for_deprecation ':public is no longer used to avoid overloading Module#public, use :public_folder or :public_dir instead'
  set(:public_folder, value)
end


  








  

    .public_dir   (rw)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1523



def public_dir
  public_folder
end


  








  

    .public_dir=(value)   (rw)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1519



def public_dir=(value)
  self.public_folder = value
end


  








  

    .routes   (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1301



attr_reader :routes, :filters, :templates, :errors, :on_start_callback, :on_stop_callback


  








  

    .running?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)
  



  

    
Check whether the self-hosted server is running or not.


  





  


  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1645



def running?
  running_server?
end


  








  

    .suppress_messages?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly, private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1708



def suppress_messages?
  handler_name =~ /cgi/i || quiet
end


  








  

    .templates   (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1301



attr_reader :routes, :filters, :templates, :errors, :on_start_callback, :on_stop_callback


  








  

    .test?  ⇒ Boolean  (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1573



def test?;        environment == :test        end


  







Class Method Details



  

    .add_filter(type, path = /.*/, **options, &block)  
  



  

    
add a filter


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1496



def add_filter(type, path = /.*/, **options, &block)
  filters[type] << compile!(type, path, block, **options)
end


  








  

    .after(path = /.*/, **options, &block)  
  



  

    
Define an after filter; runs after all requests within the same
context as route handlers and may access/modify the request and
response.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1491



def after(path = /.*/, **options, &block)
  add_filter(:after, path, **options, &block)
end


  








  

    .agent(pattern)   (private)
  



  

    
Alias for .user_agent.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1752



alias agent user_agent


  








  

    .before(path = /.*/, **options, &block)  
  



  

    
Define a before filter; runs before all requests within the same
context as route handlers and may access/modify the request and
response.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1484



def before(path = /.*/, **options, &block)
  add_filter(:before, path, **options, &block)
end


  








  

    .build(app)  
  



  

    
Creates a ::Rack::Builder instance with all the middleware set up and
the given #app as end point.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1668



def build(app)
  builder = Rack::Builder.new
  setup_default_middleware builder
  setup_middleware builder
  builder.run app
  builder
end


  








  

    .call(env)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1676



def call(env)
  synchronize { prototype.call(env) }
end


  








  

    .caller_files  
  



  

    
Like Kernel#caller but excluding certain magic entries and without
line / method information; the resulting array contains filenames only.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1682



def caller_files
  cleaned_caller(1).flatten
end


  








  

    .callers_to_ignore  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1303



def callers_to_ignore
  CALLERS_TO_IGNORE
end


  








  

    .cleaned_caller(keep = 3)   (private)
  



  

    
Like Kernel#caller but excluding certain magic entries


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1908



def cleaned_caller(keep = 3)
  caller(1)
    .map! { |line| line.split(/:(?=\d|in )/, 3)[0, keep] }
    .reject { |file, *_| callers_to_ignore.any? { |pattern| file =~ pattern } }
end


  








  

    .compile(path, route_mustermann_opts = {})   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1813



def compile(path, route_mustermann_opts = {})
  Mustermann.new(path, **mustermann_opts.merge(route_mustermann_opts))
end


  








  

    .compile!(verb, path, block, **options)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1793



def compile!(verb, path, block, **options)
  # Because of self.options.host
  host_name(options.delete(:host)) if options.key?(:host)
  # Pass Mustermann opts to compile()
  route_mustermann_opts = options.key?(:mustermann_opts) ? options.delete(:mustermann_opts) : {}.freeze

  options.each_pair { |option, args| send(option, *args) }

  pattern                 = compile(path, route_mustermann_opts)
  method_name             = "#{verb} #{path}"
  unbound_method          = generate_method(method_name, &block)
  conditions = @conditions
  @conditions = []
  wrapper = block.arity.zero? ?
    proc { |a, _p| unbound_method.bind(a).call } :
    proc { |a, p| unbound_method.bind(a).call(*p) }

  [pattern, conditions, wrapper]
end


  








  

    .condition(name = "#{caller.first[/`.*'/]} condition", &block)  
  



  

    
Add a route condition. The route is considered non-matching when the
block returns false.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1510



def condition(name = "#{caller.first[/`.*'/]} condition", &block)
  @conditions << generate_method(name, &block)
end


  








  

    .configure(*envs) {|_self| ... } 
  



  

    
Set configuration options for ::Sinatra and/or the app.
Allows scoping of settings for certain environments.


  





  
Yields:


    
  
  • 
    (_self)
  
    • 



Yield Parameters:


    
  
  • 
    _self
    (Base)
—    
    the object that the method was called on
    

    
  
    • 





  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1577



def configure(*envs)
  yield self if envs.empty? || envs.include?(environment.to_sym)
end


  








  

    .define_singleton(name, content = Proc.new)   (private)
  



  

    
Dynamically defines a method on settings.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1728



def define_singleton(name, content = Proc.new)
  singleton_class.class_eval do
    undef_method(name) if method_defined? name
    String === content ? class_eval("def #{name}() #{content}; end") : define_method(name, &content)
  end
end


  








  

    .delete(path, opts = {}, &block)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1541



def delete(path, opts = {}, &block)  route 'DELETE',  path, opts, &block end


  








  

    .disable(*opts)  
  



  

    
Same as calling set <code>:option</code>, false for each of the given options.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1391



def disable(*opts)
  opts.each { |key| set(key, false) }
end


  








  

    .enable(*opts)  
  



  

    
Same as calling set <code>:option</code>, true for each of the given options.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1386



def enable(*opts)
  opts.each { |key| set(key, true) }
end


  








  

    .error(*codes, &block)  
  



  

    
Define a custom error handler. Optionally takes either an Exception
class, or an HTTP status code to specify which errors should be
handled.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1398



def error(*codes, &block)
  args  = compile! 'ERROR', /.*/, block
  codes = codes.flat_map(&method(:Array))
  codes << Exception if codes.empty?
  codes << Sinatra::NotFound if codes.include?(404)
  codes.each { |c| (@errors[c] ||= []) << args }
end


  








  

    .extensions  
  



  

    
Extension modules registered on this class and all superclasses.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1326



def extensions
  if superclass.respond_to?(:extensions)
    (@extensions + superclass.extensions).uniq
  else
    @extensions
  end
end


  








  

    .force_encoding(data, encoding = default_encoding)   (private)
  



  

    
Force data to specified encoding. It defaults to settings.default_encoding
which is UTF-8 by default


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1917



def self.force_encoding(data, encoding = default_encoding)
  return if data == settings || data.is_a?(Tempfile)

  if data.respond_to? :force_encoding
    data.force_encoding(encoding).encode!
  elsif data.respond_to? :each_value
    data.each_value { |v| force_encoding(v, encoding) }
  elsif data.respond_to? :each
    data.each { |v| force_encoding(v, encoding) }
  end
  data
end


  








  

    .generate_method(method_name, &block)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1786



def generate_method(method_name, &block)
  define_method(method_name, &block)
  method = instance_method method_name
  remove_method method_name
  method
end


  








  

    .get(path, opts = {}, &block)  
  



  

    
Defining a GET handler also automatically defines
a HEAD handler.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1529



def get(path, opts = {}, &block)
  conditions = @conditions.dup
  route('GET', path, opts, &block)

  @conditions = conditions
  route('HEAD', path, opts, &block)
end


  








  

    .head(path, opts = {}, &block)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1543



def head(path, opts = {}, &block)    route 'HEAD',    path, opts, &block end


  








  

    .helpers(*extensions, &block)  
  



  

    
Makes the methods defined in the block and in the Modules given
in .extensions available to the handlers and templates


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1555



def helpers(*extensions, &block)
  class_eval(&block)   if block_given?
  include(*extensions) if extensions.any?
end


  








  

    .host_name(pattern)   (private)
  



  

    
Condition for matching host name. Parameter might be String or Regexp.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1736



def host_name(pattern)
  condition { pattern === request.host }
end


  








  

    .inherited(subclass)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1887



def inherited(subclass)
  subclass.reset!
  subclass.set :app_file, caller_files.first unless subclass.app_file?
  super
end


  








  

    .inline_templates=(file = nil)  
  



  

    
Load embedded templates from the file; uses the caller's FILE
when no file is specified.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1424



def inline_templates=(file = nil)
  file = (caller_files.first || File.expand_path($0)) if file.nil? || file == true

  begin
    io = ::IO.respond_to?(:binread) ? ::IO.binread(file) : ::IO.read(file)
    app, data = io.gsub("\r\n", "\n").split(/^__END__$/, 2)
  rescue Errno::ENOENT
    app, data = nil
  end

  return unless data

  encoding = if app && app =~ /([^\n]*\n)?#[^\n]*coding: *(\S+)/m
               $2
             else
               settings.default_encoding
             end

  lines = app.count("\n") + 1
  template = nil
  force_encoding data, encoding
  data.each_line do |line|
    lines += 1
    if line =~ /^@@\s*(.*\S)\s*$/
      template = force_encoding(String.new, encoding)
      templates[$1.to_sym] = [template, file, lines]
    elsif template
      template << line
    end
  end
end


  








  

    .invoke_hook(name, *args)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1782



def invoke_hook(name, *args)
  extensions.each { |e| e.send(name, *args) if e.respond_to?(name) }
end


  








  

    .layout(name = :layout, &block)  
  



  

    
Define the layout template. The block must return the template source.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1418



def layout(name = :layout, &block)
  template name, &block
end


  










  

    .methodoverride=  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1965



alias methodoverride= method_override=


  








  

    .methodoverride?  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1964



alias methodoverride? method_override?


  








  

    .middleware  
  



  

    
Middleware used in this class and all superclasses.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1335



def middleware
  if superclass.respond_to?(:middleware)
    superclass.middleware + @middleware
  else
    @middleware
  end
end


  








  

    .mime_type(type, value = nil)  
  



  

    
Lookup or register a mime type in Rack's mime registry.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1457



def mime_type(type, value = nil)
  return type      if type.nil?
  return type.to_s if type.to_s.include?('/')

  type = ".#{type}" unless type.to_s[0] == '.'
  return Rack::Mime.mime_type(type, nil) unless value

  Rack::Mime::MIME_TYPES[type] = value
end


  








  

    .mime_types(type)  
  



  

    
provides all mime types matching type, including deprecated types:
  mime_types :html # => ['text/html']
  mime_types :js   # => ['application/javascript', 'text/javascript']


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1470



def mime_types(type)
  type = mime_type type
  if type =~ %r{^application/(xml|javascript)$}
    [type, "text/#{$1}"]
  elsif type =~ %r{^text/(xml|javascript)$}
    [type, "application/#{$1}"]
  else
    [type]
  end
end


  








  

    .new!(app = nil, **_kwargs)  
  



  

    
Alias for .new.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1655



alias new! new unless method_defined? :new!


  








  

    .not_found(&block)  
  



  

    
Sugar for error(404) { ... }


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1407



def not_found(&block)
  error(404, &block)
end


  








  

    .on_start(&on_start_callback)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1500



def on_start(&on_start_callback)
  @on_start_callback = on_start_callback
end


  








  

    .on_stop(&on_stop_callback)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1504



def on_stop(&on_stop_callback)
  @on_stop_callback = on_stop_callback
end


  








  

    .options(path, opts = {}, &block)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1545



def options(path, opts = {}, &block) route 'OPTIONS', path, opts, &block end


  








  

    .patch(path, opts = {}, &block)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1547



def patch(path, opts = {}, &block)   route 'PATCH',   path, opts, &block end


  








  

    .post(path, opts = {}, &block)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1539



def post(path, opts = {}, &block)    route 'POST',    path, opts, &block end


  








  

    .prototype  
  



  

    
The prototype instance used to process requests.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1650



def prototype
  @prototype ||= new
end


  








  

    .provides(*types)   (private)
  



  

    
Condition for matching mimetypes. Accepts file extensions.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1755



def provides(*types)
  types.map! { |t| mime_types(t) }
  types.flatten!
  condition do
    response_content_type = response['content-type']
    preferred_type = request.preferred_type(types)

    if response_content_type
      types.include?(response_content_type) || types.include?(response_content_type[/^[^;]+/])
    elsif preferred_type
      params = (preferred_type.respond_to?(:params) ? preferred_type.params : {})
      content_type(preferred_type, params)
      true
    else
      false
    end
  end
end


  








  

    .put(path, opts = {}, &block)  
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1537



def put(path, opts = {}, &block)     route 'PUT',     path, opts, &block end


  








  

    .quit!  
    Also known as: .stop!
  



  

    
Stop the self-hosted server if running.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1589



def quit!
  return unless running?

  # Use Thin's hard #stop! if available, otherwise just #stop.
  running_server.respond_to?(:stop!) ? running_server.stop! : running_server.stop
  warn '== Sinatra has ended his set (crowd applauds)' unless suppress_messages?
  set :running_server, nil
  set :handler_name, nil

  on_stop_callback.call unless on_stop_callback.nil?
end


  








  

    .register(*extensions, &block)  
  



  

    
Register an extension. Alternatively take a block from which an
extension will be created and registered on the fly.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1562



def register(*extensions, &block)
  extensions << Module.new(&block) if block_given?
  @extensions += extensions
  extensions.each do |extension|
    extend extension
    extension.registered(self) if extension.respond_to?(:registered)
  end
end


  








  

    .reset!  
  



  

    
Removes all routes, filters, middleware and extension hooks from the
current class (not routes/filters/... defined by its superclass).


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1309



def reset!
  @conditions     = []
  @routes         = {}
  @filters        = { before: [], after: [] }
  @errors         = {}
  @middleware     = []
  @prototype      = nil
  @extensions     = []

  @templates = if superclass.respond_to?(:templates)
                 Hash.new { |_hash, key| superclass.templates[key] }
               else
                 {}
               end
end


  








  

    .route(verb, path, options = {}, &block)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1774



def route(verb, path, options = {}, &block)
  enable :empty_path_info if path == '' && empty_path_info.nil?
  signature = compile!(verb, path, block, **options)
  (@routes[verb] ||= []) << signature
  invoke_hook(:route_added, verb, path, block)
  signature
end


  








  

    .run!(options = {}, &block)  
    Also known as: .start!
  



  

    
Run the ::Sinatra app as a self-hosted server using
Puma, Falcon (in that order). If given a block, will call
with the constructed handler once we have taken the stage.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1606



def run!(options = {}, &block)
  unless defined?(Rackup::Handler)
    rackup_warning = <<~MISSING_RACKUP
      Sinatra could not start, the required gems weren't found!

      Add them to your bundle with:

          bundle add rackup puma

      or install them with:

          gem install rackup puma

    MISSING_RACKUP
    warn rackup_warning
    exit 1
  end

  return if running?

  set options
  handler         = Rackup::Handler.pick(server)
  handler_name    = handler.name.gsub(/.*::/, '')
  server_settings = settings.respond_to?(:server_settings) ? settings.server_settings : {}
  server_settings.merge!(Port: port, Host: bind)

  begin
    start_server(handler, server_settings, handler_name, &block)
  rescue Errno::EADDRINUSE
    warn "== Someone is already performing on port #{port}!"
    raise
  ensure
    quit!
  end
end


  








  

    .set(option, value = (not_set = true), ignore_setter = false, &block)  
  



  

    
Sets an option to the given value.  If the value is a proc,
the proc will be called every time the option is accessed.


  





  
Raises:


    
  
  • 
    (ArgumentError)
  
    • 





  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1345



def set(option, value = (not_set = true), ignore_setter = false, &block)
  raise ArgumentError if block && !not_set

  if block
    value = block
    not_set = false
  end

  if not_set
    raise ArgumentError unless option.respond_to?(:each)

    option.each { |k, v| set(k, v) }
    return self
  end

  if respond_to?("#{option}=") && !ignore_setter
    return __send__("#{option}=", value)
  end

  setter = proc { |val| set option, val, true }
  getter = proc { value }

  case value
  when Proc
    getter = value
  when Symbol, Integer, FalseClass, TrueClass, NilClass
    getter = value.inspect
  when Hash
    setter = proc do |val|
      val = value.merge val if Hash === val
      set option, val, true
    end
  end

  define_singleton("#{option}=", setter)
  define_singleton(option, getter)
  define_singleton("#{option}?", "!!#{option}") unless method_defined? "#{option}?"
  self
end


  








  

    .settings  
  



  

    
Access settings defined with Base.set.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1019



def self.settings
  self
end


  








  

    .setup_common_logger(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1845



def setup_common_logger(builder)
  builder.use Sinatra::CommonLogger
end


  








  

    .setup_custom_logger(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1849



def setup_custom_logger(builder)
  if logging.respond_to? :to_int
    builder.use Sinatra::Middleware::Logger, logging
  else
    builder.use Sinatra::Middleware::Logger
  end
end


  








  

    .setup_default_middleware(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1817



def setup_default_middleware(builder)
  builder.use ExtendedRack
  builder.use ShowExceptions       if show_exceptions?
  builder.use Rack::MethodOverride if method_override?
  builder.use Rack::Head
  setup_logging    builder
  setup_sessions   builder
  setup_protection builder
  setup_host_authorization builder
end


  








  

    .setup_host_authorization(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1874



def setup_host_authorization(builder)
  builder.use Rack::Protection::HostAuthorization, host_authorization
end


  








  

    .setup_logging(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1832



def setup_logging(builder)
  if logging?
    setup_common_logger(builder)
    setup_custom_logger(builder)
  elsif logging == false
    setup_null_logger(builder)
  end
end


  








  

    .setup_middleware(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1828



def setup_middleware(builder)
  middleware.each { |c, a, b| builder.use(c, *a, &b) }
end


  








  

    .setup_null_logger(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1841



def setup_null_logger(builder)
  builder.use Sinatra::Middleware::Logger, ::Logger::FATAL
end


  








  

    .setup_protection(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1857



def setup_protection(builder)
  return unless protection?

  options = Hash === protection ? protection.dup : {}
  options = {
    img_src: "'self' data:",
    font_src: "'self'"
  }.merge options

  protect_session = options.fetch(:session) { sessions? }
  options[:without_session] = !protect_session

  options[:reaction] ||= :drop_session

  builder.use Rack::Protection, options
end


  








  

    .setup_sessions(builder)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1878



def setup_sessions(builder)
  return unless sessions?

  options = {}
  options[:secret] = session_secret if session_secret?
  options.merge! sessions.to_hash if sessions.respond_to? :to_hash
  builder.use session_store, options
end


  








  

    .setup_traps   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1712



def setup_traps
  return unless traps?

  at_exit { quit! }

  %i[INT TERM].each do |signal|
    old_handler = trap(signal) do
      quit!
      old_handler.call if old_handler.respond_to?(:call)
    end
  end

  set :traps, false
end


  








  

    .start!(options = {}, &block)  
  



  

    
Alias for .run!.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1642



alias start! run!


  








  

    .start_server(handler, server_settings, handler_name)   (private)
  



  

    
Starts the server by running the ::Rack Handler.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1689



def start_server(handler, server_settings, handler_name)
  # Ensure we initialize middleware before startup, to match standard Rack
  # behavior, by ensuring an instance exists:
  prototype
  # Run the instance we created:
  handler.run(self, **server_settings) do |server|
    unless suppress_messages?
      warn "== Sinatra (v#{Sinatra::VERSION}) has taken the stage on #{port} for #{environment} with backup from #{handler_name}"
    end

    setup_traps
    set :running_server, server
    set :handler_name,   handler_name
    server.threaded = settings.threaded if server.respond_to? :threaded=
    on_start_callback.call unless on_start_callback.nil?
    yield server if block_given?
  end
end


  








  

    .stop!  
  



  

    
Alias for .quit!.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1601



alias stop! quit!


  








  

    .synchronize(&block)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1894



def synchronize(&block)
  if lock?
    @@mutex.synchronize(&block)
  else
    yield
  end
end


  








  

    .template(name, &block)  
  



  

    
Define a named template. The block must return the template source.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1412



def template(name, &block)
  filename, line = caller_locations.first
  templates[name] = [block, filename, line.to_i]
end


  










  

    .use(middleware, *args, &block)  
  



  

    
Use the specified ::Rack middleware


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1582



def use(middleware, *args, &block)
  @prototype = nil
  @middleware << [middleware, args, block]
end


  








  

    .user_agent(pattern)   (private)
    Also known as: .agent
  



  

    
Condition for matching user agent. Parameter should be Regexp.
Will set params[:agent].


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1742



def user_agent(pattern)
  condition do
    if request.user_agent.to_s =~ pattern
      @params[:agent] = $~[1..-1]
      true
    else
      false
    end
  end
end


  








  

    .warn_for_deprecation(message)   (private)
  



  

    
used for deprecation warnings


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1903



def warn_for_deprecation(message)
  warn message + "\n\tfrom #{cleaned_caller.first.join(':')}"
end


  







Instance Attribute Details



  

    #app   (rw)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 980



attr_accessor :app, :env, :request, :response, :params


  








  

    #env   (rw)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 980



attr_accessor :app, :env, :request, :response, :params


  








  

    #params   (rw)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 980



attr_accessor :app, :env, :request, :response, :params


  








  

    #request   (rw)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 980



attr_accessor :app, :env, :request, :response, :params


  








  

    #response   (rw)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 980



attr_accessor :app, :env, :request, :response, :params


  








  

    #template_cache   (readonly)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 981



attr_reader   :template_cache


  







Instance Method Details



  

    #call(env)  
  



  

    
::Rack call interface.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 992



def call(env)
  dup.call!(env)
end


  








  

    #call!(env)  
  

  

    This method is for internal use only.
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 996



def call!(env) # :nodoc:
  @env      = env
  @params   = IndifferentHash.new
  @request  = Request.new(env)
  @response = Response.new
  @pinned_response = nil
  template_cache.clear if settings.reload_templates

  invoke { dispatch! }
  invoke { error_block!(response.status) } unless @env['sinatra.error']

  unless @response['content-type']
    if Array === body && body[0].respond_to?(:content_type)
      content_type body[0].content_type
    elsif (default = settings.default_content_type)
      content_type default
    end
  end

  @response.finish
end


  








  

    #dispatch!   (private)
  



  

    
Dispatch a request with error handling.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1179



def dispatch!
  # Avoid passing frozen string in force_encoding
  @params.merge!(@request.params).each do |key, val|
    next unless val.respond_to?(:force_encoding)

    val = val.dup if val.frozen?
    @params[key] = force_encoding(val)
  end

  invoke do
    static! if settings.static? && (request.get? || request.head?)
    filter! :before do
      @pinned_response = !response['content-type'].nil?
    end
    route!
  end
rescue ::Exception => e
  invoke { handle_exception!(e) }
ensure
  begin
    filter! :after unless env['sinatra.static_file']
  rescue ::Exception => e
    invoke { handle_exception!(e) } unless @env['sinatra.error']
  end
end


  








  

    #dump_errors!(boom)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1271



def dump_errors!(boom)
  if boom.respond_to?(:detailed_message)
    msg = boom.detailed_message(highlight: false)
    if msg =~ /\A(.*?)(?: \(#{ Regexp.quote(boom.class.to_s) }\))?\n/
      msg = $1
      additional_msg = $'.lines(chomp: true)
    else
      additional_msg = []
    end
  else
    msg = boom.message
    additional_msg = []
  end
  msg = ["#{Time.now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} - #{boom.class} - #{msg}:", *additional_msg, *boom.backtrace].join("\n\t")
  @env['rack.errors'].puts(msg)
end


  








  

    #error_block!(key, *block_params)   (private)
  



  

    
Find an custom error block for the key(s) specified.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1252



def error_block!(key, *block_params)
  base = settings
  while base.respond_to?(:errors)
    args_array = base.errors[key]

    next base = base.superclass unless args_array

    args_array.reverse_each do |args|
      first = args == args_array.first
      args += [block_params]
      resp = process_route(*args)
      return resp unless resp.nil? && !first
    end
  end
  return false unless key.respond_to?(:superclass) && (key.superclass < Exception)

  error_block!(key.superclass, *block_params)
end


  








  

    #filter!(type, base = settings, &block)   (private)
  



  

    
Run filters defined on the class and all superclasses.
Accepts an optional block to call after each filter is applied.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1057



def filter!(type, base = settings, &block)
  filter!(type, base.superclass, &block) if base.superclass.respond_to?(:filters)
  base.filters[type].each do |args|
    result = process_route(*args)
    block.call(result) if block_given?
  end
end


  








  

    #force_encoding(*args)   (private)
  

  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1930



def force_encoding(*args)
  settings.force_encoding(*args)
end


  








  

    #forward  
  



  

    
Forward the request to the downstream app -- middleware only.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1043



def forward
  raise 'downstream app not set' unless @app.respond_to? :call

  status, headers, body = @app.call env
  @response.status = status
  @response.body = body
  @response.headers.merge! headers
  nil
end


  








  

    #halt(*response)  
  



  

    
Exit the current block, halts any further processing
of the request, and returns the specified response.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1030



def halt(*response)
  response = response.first if response.length == 1
  throw :halt, response
end


  








  

    #handle_exception!(boom)   (private)
  



  

    
Error handling during requests.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1206



def handle_exception!(boom)
  error_params = @env['sinatra.error.params']

  @params = @params.merge(error_params) if error_params

  @env['sinatra.error'] = boom

  http_status = if boom.is_a? Sinatra::Error
                  if boom.respond_to? :http_status
                    boom.http_status
                  elsif settings.use_code? && boom.respond_to?(:code)
                    boom.code
                  end
                end

  http_status = 500 unless http_status&.between?(400, 599)
  status(http_status)

  if server_error?
    dump_errors! boom if settings.dump_errors?
    raise boom if settings.show_exceptions? && (settings.show_exceptions != :after_handler)
  elsif not_found?
    headers['X-Cascade'] = 'pass' if settings.x_cascade?
  end

  if (res = error_block!(boom.class, boom) || error_block!(status, boom))
    return res
  end

  if not_found? || bad_request?
    if boom.message && boom.message != boom.class.name
      body Rack::Utils.escape_html(boom.message)
    else
      content_type 'text/html'
      body "<h1>#{not_found? ? 'Not Found' : 'Bad Request'}</h1>"
    end
  end

  return unless server_error?

  raise boom if settings.raise_errors? || settings.show_exceptions?

  error_block! Exception, boom
end


  








  

    #invoke(&block)   (private)
  



  

    
Run the block with 'throw :halt' support and apply result to the response.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1163



def invoke(&block)
  res = catch(:halt, &block)

  res = [res] if (Integer === res) || (String === res)
  if (Array === res) && (Integer === res.first)
    res = res.dup
    status(res.shift)
    body(res.pop)
    headers(*res)
  elsif res.respond_to? :each
    body res
  end
  nil # avoid double setting the same response tuple twice
end


  








  

    #pass(&block)  
  



  

    
Pass control to the next matching route.
If there are no more matching routes, ::Sinatra will
return a 404 response.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1038



def pass(&block)
  throw :pass, block
end


  








  

    #process_route(pattern, conditions, block = nil, values = [])   (private)
  



  

    
If the current request matches pattern and conditions, fill params
with keys and call the given block.
Revert params afterwards.



Returns pass block.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1100



def process_route(pattern, conditions, block = nil, values = [])
  route = @request.path_info
  route = '/' if route.empty? && !settings.empty_path_info?
  route = route[0..-2] if !settings.strict_paths? && route != '/' && route.end_with?('/')

  params = pattern.params(route)
  return unless params

  params.delete('ignore') # TODO: better params handling, maybe turn it into "smart" object or detect changes
  force_encoding(params)
  @params = @params.merge(params) { |_k, v1, v2| v2 || v1 } if params.any?

  regexp_exists = pattern.is_a?(Mustermann::Regular) || (pattern.respond_to?(:patterns) && pattern.patterns.any? { |subpattern| subpattern.is_a?(Mustermann::Regular) })
  if regexp_exists
    captures           = pattern.match(route).captures.map { |c| URI_INSTANCE.unescape(c) if c }
    values            += captures
    @params[:captures] = force_encoding(captures) unless captures.nil? || captures.empty?
  else
    values += params.values.flatten
  end

  catch(:pass) do
    conditions.each { |c| throw :pass if c.bind(self).call == false }
    block ? block[self, values] : yield(self, values)
  end
rescue StandardError
  @env['sinatra.error.params'] = @params
  raise
ensure
  params ||= {}
  params.each { |k, _| @params.delete(k) } unless @env['sinatra.error.params']
end


  








  

    #route!(base = settings, pass_block = nil)   (private)
  



  

    
Run routes defined on the class and all superclasses.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1066



def route!(base = settings, pass_block = nil)
  routes = base.routes[@request.request_method]

  routes&.each do |pattern, conditions, block|
    response.delete_header('content-type') unless @pinned_response

    returned_pass_block = process_route(pattern, conditions) do |*args|
      env['sinatra.route'] = "#{@request.request_method} #{pattern}"
      route_eval { block[*args] }
    end

    # don't wipe out pass_block in superclass
    pass_block = returned_pass_block if returned_pass_block
  end

  # Run routes defined in superclass.
  if base.superclass.respond_to?(:routes)
    return route!(base.superclass, pass_block)
  end

  route_eval(&pass_block) if pass_block
  route_missing
end


  








  

    #route_eval   (private)
  



  

    
Run a route block and throw :halt with the result.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1091



def route_eval
  throw :halt, yield
end


  








  

    #route_missing   (private)
  



  

    
No matching route was found or all routes passed. The default
implementation is to forward the request downstream when running
as middleware (@app is non-nil); when no downstream app is set, raise
a NotFound exception. Subclasses can override this method to perform
custom route miss logic.


  





  
Raises:





  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1138



def route_missing
  raise NotFound unless @app

  forward
end


  








  

    #settings  
  



  

    
Access settings defined with Base.set.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1024



def settings
  self.class.settings
end


  








  

    #static!(options = {})   (private)
  



  

    
Attempt to serve static files from public directory. Throws :halt when
a matching file is found, returns nil otherwise.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'lib/sinatra/base.rb', line 1146



def static!(options = {})
  return if (public_dir = settings.public_folder).nil?

  path = "#{public_dir}#{URI_INSTANCE.unescape(request.path_info)}"
  return unless valid_path?(path)

  path = File.expand_path(path)
  return unless path.start_with?("#{File.expand_path(public_dir)}/")

  return unless File.file?(path)

  env['sinatra.static_file'] = path
  cache_control(*settings.static_cache_control) if settings.static_cache_control?
  send_file path, options.merge(disposition: nil)
end