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Module: BigMath

Relationships & Source Files
Defined in: ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb,
ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c

Overview

Provides mathematical functions.

Example:

require "bigdecimal/math"

include BigMath

a = BigDecimal((PI(100)/2).to_s)
puts sin(a,100) # => 0.99999999999999999999......e0

Class Method Summary

Class Method Details

.atan(decimal, numeric) ⇒ BigDecimal (mod_func)

Computes the arctangent of decimal to the specified number of digits of precision, numeric.

If decimal is NaN, returns NaN.

BigMath.atan(BigDecimal('-1'), 16).to_s
#=> "-0.785398163397448309615660845819878471907514682065e0"

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError)
[ GitHub ] 

  


# File 'ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb', line 146



def atan(x, prec)
  raise ArgumentError, "Zero or negative precision for atan" if prec <= 0
  return BigDecimal("NaN") if x.nan?
  pi = PI(prec)
  x = -x if neg = x < 0
  return pi.div(neg ? -2 : 2, prec) if x.infinite?
  return pi / (neg ? -4 : 4) if x.round(prec) == 1
  x = BigDecimal("1").div(x, prec) if inv = x > 1
  x = (-1 + sqrt(1 + x**2, prec))/x if dbl = x > 0.5
  n    = prec + BigDecimal.double_fig
  y = x
  d = y
  t = x
  r = BigDecimal("3")
  x2 = x.mult(x,n)
  while d.nonzero? && ((m = n - (y.exponent - d.exponent).abs) > 0)
    m = BigDecimal.double_fig if m < BigDecimal.double_fig
    t = -t.mult(x2,n)
    d = t.div(r,m)
    y += d
    r += 2
  end
  y *= 2 if dbl
  y = pi / 2 - y if inv
  y = -y if neg
  y
end


  








  

    .cos(decimal, numeric)  ⇒ BigDecimal  (mod_func)  



  

    

Computes the cosine of decimal to the specified number of digits of precision, numeric.



If decimal is Infinity or NaN, returns NaN.



BigMath.cos(BigMath.PI(4), 16).to_s
#=> "-0.999999999999999999999999999999856613163740061349e0"


  





  
Raises:


    
  
  • 
    (ArgumentError)
  
    • 





  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb', line 102



def cos(x, prec)
  raise ArgumentError, "Zero or negative precision for cos" if prec <= 0
  return BigDecimal("NaN") if x.infinite? || x.nan?
  n    = prec + BigDecimal.double_fig
  one  = BigDecimal("1")
  two  = BigDecimal("2")
  x = -x if x < 0
  if x > (twopi = two * BigMath.PI(prec))
    if x > 30
      x %= twopi
    else
      x -= twopi while x > twopi
    end
  end
  x1 = one
  x2 = x.mult(x,n)
  sign = 1
  y = one
  d = y
  i = BigDecimal("0")
  z = one
  while d.nonzero? && ((m = n - (y.exponent - d.exponent).abs) > 0)
    m = BigDecimal.double_fig if m < BigDecimal.double_fig
    sign = -sign
    x1  = x2.mult(x1,n)
    i  += two
    z  *= (i-one) * i
    d   = sign * x1.div(z,m)
    y  += d
  end
  y
end


  








  

    E(numeric)  ⇒ BigDecimal  (mod_func)  



  

    

Computes e (the base of natural logarithms) to the specified number of digits of precision, numeric.



BigMath.E(10).to_s
#=> "0.271828182845904523536028752390026306410273e1"


  





  
Raises:


    
  
  • 
    (ArgumentError)
  
    • 





  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb', line 228



def E(prec)
  raise ArgumentError, "Zero or negative precision for E" if prec <= 0
  BigMath.exp(1, prec)
end


  








  

    .exp(decimal, numeric)  ⇒ BigDecimal   



  

    

Computes the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of decimal, to the specified number of digits of precision.



If decimal is infinity, returns Infinity.



If decimal is NaN, returns NaN.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c', line 3048



static VALUE
BigMath_s_exp(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE vprec)
{
    ssize_t prec, n, i;
    Real* vx = NULL;
    VALUE one, d, y;
    int negative = 0;
    int infinite = 0;
    int nan = 0;
    double flo;

    prec = NUM2SSIZET(vprec);
    if (prec <= 0) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Zero or negative precision for exp");
    }

    /* TODO: the following switch statement is almost same as one in the
     *       BigDecimalCmp function. */
    switch (TYPE(x)) {
      case T_DATA:
	if (!is_kind_of_BigDecimal(x)) break;
	vx = DATA_PTR(x);
	negative = BIGDECIMAL_NEGATIVE_P(vx);
	infinite = VpIsPosInf(vx) || VpIsNegInf(vx);
	nan = VpIsNaN(vx);
	break;

      case T_FIXNUM:
	/* fall through */
      case T_BIGNUM:
	vx = GetVpValue(x, 0);
	break;

      case T_FLOAT:
	flo = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
	negative = flo < 0;
	infinite = isinf(flo);
	nan = isnan(flo);
	if (!infinite && !nan) {
	    vx = GetVpValueWithPrec(x, DBLE_FIG, 0);
	}
	break;

      case T_RATIONAL:
	vx = GetVpValueWithPrec(x, prec, 0);
	break;

      default:
	break;
    }
    if (infinite) {
	if (negative) {
	    return ToValue(GetVpValueWithPrec(INT2FIX(0), prec, 1));
	}
	else {
	    Real* vy;
	    vy = VpCreateRbObject(prec, "#0");
	    VpSetInf(vy, VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE);
	    RB_GC_GUARD(vy->obj);
	    return ToValue(vy);
	}
    }
    else if (nan) {
	Real* vy;
	vy = VpCreateRbObject(prec, "#0");
	VpSetNaN(vy);
	RB_GC_GUARD(vy->obj);
	return ToValue(vy);
    }
    else if (vx == NULL) {
	cannot_be_coerced_into_BigDecimal(rb_eArgError, x);
    }
    x = vx->obj;

    n = prec + rmpd_double_figures();
    negative = BIGDECIMAL_NEGATIVE_P(vx);
    if (negative) {
        VALUE x_zero = INT2NUM(1);
        VALUE x_copy = f_BigDecimal(1, &x_zero, klass);
        x = BigDecimal_initialize_copy(x_copy, x);
        vx = DATA_PTR(x);
	VpSetSign(vx, 1);
    }

    one = ToValue(VpCreateRbObject(1, "1"));
    y   = one;
    d   = y;
    i   = 1;

    while (!VpIsZero((Real*)DATA_PTR(d))) {
	SIGNED_VALUE const ey = VpExponent10(DATA_PTR(y));
	SIGNED_VALUE const ed = VpExponent10(DATA_PTR(d));
	ssize_t m = n - vabs(ey - ed);

	rb_thread_check_ints();

	if (m <= 0) {
	    break;
	}
	else if ((size_t)m < rmpd_double_figures()) {
	    m = rmpd_double_figures();
	}

	d = BigDecimal_mult(d, x);                             /* d <- d * x */
	d = BigDecimal_div2(d, SSIZET2NUM(i), SSIZET2NUM(m));  /* d <- d / i */
	y = BigDecimal_add(y, d);                              /* y <- y + d  */
	++i;                                                   /* i  <- i + 1 */
    }

    if (negative) {
	return BigDecimal_div2(one, y, vprec);
    }
    else {
	vprec = SSIZET2NUM(prec - VpExponent10(DATA_PTR(y)));
	return BigDecimal_round(1, &vprec, y);
    }

    RB_GC_GUARD(one);
    RB_GC_GUARD(x);
    RB_GC_GUARD(y);
    RB_GC_GUARD(d);
}


  








  

    .log(decimal, numeric)  ⇒ BigDecimal   



  

    

Computes the natural logarithm of decimal to the specified number of digits of precision, numeric.



If decimal is zero or negative, raises Math::DomainError.



If decimal is positive infinity, returns Infinity.



If decimal is NaN, returns NaN.


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c', line 3183



static VALUE
BigMath_s_log(VALUE klass, VALUE x, VALUE vprec)
{
    ssize_t prec, n, i;
    SIGNED_VALUE expo;
    Real* vx = NULL;
    VALUE vn, one, two, w, x2, y, d;
    int zero = 0;
    int negative = 0;
    int infinite = 0;
    int nan = 0;
    double flo;
    long fix;

    if (!is_integer(vprec)) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "precision must be an Integer");
    }

    prec = NUM2SSIZET(vprec);
    if (prec <= 0) {
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Zero or negative precision for exp");
    }

    /* TODO: the following switch statement is almost same as one in the
     *       BigDecimalCmp function. */
    switch (TYPE(x)) {
      case T_DATA:
	  if (!is_kind_of_BigDecimal(x)) break;
	  vx = DATA_PTR(x);
	  zero = VpIsZero(vx);
	  negative = BIGDECIMAL_NEGATIVE_P(vx);
	  infinite = VpIsPosInf(vx) || VpIsNegInf(vx);
	  nan = VpIsNaN(vx);
	  break;

      case T_FIXNUM:
	fix = FIX2LONG(x);
	zero = fix == 0;
	negative = fix < 0;
	goto get_vp_value;

      case T_BIGNUM:
        i = FIX2INT(rb_big_cmp(x, INT2FIX(0)));
	zero = i == 0;
	negative = i < 0;
get_vp_value:
	if (zero || negative) break;
	vx = GetVpValue(x, 0);
	break;

      case T_FLOAT:
	flo = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
	zero = flo == 0;
	negative = flo < 0;
	infinite = isinf(flo);
	nan = isnan(flo);
	if (!zero && !negative && !infinite && !nan) {
	    vx = GetVpValueWithPrec(x, DBLE_FIG, 1);
	}
	break;

      case T_RATIONAL:
	zero = RRATIONAL_ZERO_P(x);
	negative = RRATIONAL_NEGATIVE_P(x);
	if (zero || negative) break;
	vx = GetVpValueWithPrec(x, prec, 1);
	break;

      case T_COMPLEX:
	rb_raise(rb_eMathDomainError,
		 "Complex argument for BigMath.log");

      default:
	break;
    }
    if (infinite && !negative) {
	Real* vy;
	vy = VpCreateRbObject(prec, "#0");
	RB_GC_GUARD(vy->obj);
	VpSetInf(vy, VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE);
	return ToValue(vy);
    }
    else if (nan) {
	Real* vy;
	vy = VpCreateRbObject(prec, "#0");
	RB_GC_GUARD(vy->obj);
	VpSetNaN(vy);
	return ToValue(vy);
    }
    else if (zero || negative) {
	rb_raise(rb_eMathDomainError,
		 "Zero or negative argument for log");
    }
    else if (vx == NULL) {
	cannot_be_coerced_into_BigDecimal(rb_eArgError, x);
    }
    x = ToValue(vx);

    RB_GC_GUARD(one) = ToValue(VpCreateRbObject(1, "1"));
    RB_GC_GUARD(two) = ToValue(VpCreateRbObject(1, "2"));

    n = prec + rmpd_double_figures();
    RB_GC_GUARD(vn) = SSIZET2NUM(n);
    expo = VpExponent10(vx);
    if (expo < 0 || expo >= 3) {
	char buf[DECIMAL_SIZE_OF_BITS(SIZEOF_VALUE * CHAR_BIT) + 4];
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "1E%"PRIdVALUE, -expo);
	x = BigDecimal_mult2(x, ToValue(VpCreateRbObject(1, buf)), vn);
    }
    else {
	expo = 0;
    }
    w = BigDecimal_sub(x, one);
    x = BigDecimal_div2(w, BigDecimal_add(x, one), vn);
    RB_GC_GUARD(x2) = BigDecimal_mult2(x, x, vn);
    RB_GC_GUARD(y)  = x;
    RB_GC_GUARD(d)  = y;
    i = 1;
    while (!VpIsZero((Real*)DATA_PTR(d))) {
	SIGNED_VALUE const ey = VpExponent10(DATA_PTR(y));
	SIGNED_VALUE const ed = VpExponent10(DATA_PTR(d));
	ssize_t m = n - vabs(ey - ed);
	if (m <= 0) {
	    break;
	}
	else if ((size_t)m < rmpd_double_figures()) {
	    m = rmpd_double_figures();
	}

	x = BigDecimal_mult2(x2, x, vn);
	i += 2;
	d = BigDecimal_div2(x, SSIZET2NUM(i), SSIZET2NUM(m));
	y = BigDecimal_add(y, d);
    }

    y = BigDecimal_mult(y, two);
    if (expo != 0) {
	VALUE log10, vexpo, dy;
	log10 = BigMath_s_log(klass, INT2FIX(10), vprec);
	vexpo = ToValue(GetVpValue(SSIZET2NUM(expo), 1));
	dy = BigDecimal_mult(log10, vexpo);
	y = BigDecimal_add(y, dy);
    }

    return y;
}


  








  

    PI(numeric)  ⇒ BigDecimal  (mod_func)  



  

    

Computes the value of pi to the specified number of digits of precision, numeric.



BigMath.PI(10).to_s
#=> "0.3141592653589793238462643388813853786957412e1"


  





  
Raises:


    
  
  • 
    (ArgumentError)
  
    • 





  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb', line 183



def PI(prec)
  raise ArgumentError, "Zero or negative precision for PI" if prec <= 0
  n      = prec + BigDecimal.double_fig
  zero   = BigDecimal("0")
  one    = BigDecimal("1")
  two    = BigDecimal("2")

  m25    = BigDecimal("-0.04")
  m57121 = BigDecimal("-57121")

  pi     = zero

  d = one
  k = one
  t = BigDecimal("-80")
  while d.nonzero? && ((m = n - (pi.exponent - d.exponent).abs) > 0)
    m = BigDecimal.double_fig if m < BigDecimal.double_fig
    t   = t*m25
    d   = t.div(k,m)
    k   = k+two
    pi  = pi + d
  end

  d = one
  k = one
  t = BigDecimal("956")
  while d.nonzero? && ((m = n - (pi.exponent - d.exponent).abs) > 0)
    m = BigDecimal.double_fig if m < BigDecimal.double_fig
    t   = t.div(m57121,n)
    d   = t.div(k,m)
    pi  = pi + d
    k   = k+two
  end
  pi
end


  








  

    .sin(decimal, numeric)  ⇒ BigDecimal  (mod_func)  



  

    

Computes the sine of decimal to the specified number of digits of precision, numeric.



If decimal is Infinity or NaN, returns NaN.



BigMath.sin(BigMath.PI(5)/4, 5).to_s
#=> "0.70710678118654752440082036563292800375e0"


  





  
Raises:


    
  
  • 
    (ArgumentError)
  
    • 





  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb', line 58



def sin(x, prec)
  raise ArgumentError, "Zero or negative precision for sin" if prec <= 0
  return BigDecimal("NaN") if x.infinite? || x.nan?
  n    = prec + BigDecimal.double_fig
  one  = BigDecimal("1")
  two  = BigDecimal("2")
  x = -x if neg = x < 0
  if x > (twopi = two * BigMath.PI(prec))
    if x > 30
      x %= twopi
    else
      x -= twopi while x > twopi
    end
  end
  x1   = x
  x2   = x.mult(x,n)
  sign = 1
  y    = x
  d    = y
  i    = one
  z    = one
  while d.nonzero? && ((m = n - (y.exponent - d.exponent).abs) > 0)
    m = BigDecimal.double_fig if m < BigDecimal.double_fig
    sign = -sign
    x1  = x2.mult(x1,n)
    i  += two
    z  *= (i-one) * i
    d   = sign * x1.div(z,m)
    y  += d
  end
  neg ? -y : y
end


  








  

    .sqrt(decimal, numeric)  ⇒ BigDecimal  (mod_func)  



  

    

Computes the square root of decimal to the specified number of digits of precision, numeric.



BigMath.sqrt(BigDecimal('2'), 16).to_s
#=> "0.1414213562373095048801688724e1"


  



  [ GitHub ]


  

  


# File 'ext/bigdecimal/lib/bigdecimal/math.rb', line 43



def sqrt(x, prec)
  x.sqrt(prec)
end