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Class: Pathname

Overview

Pathname represents the name of a file or directory on the filesystem, but not the file itself.

The pathname depends on the Operating System: Unix, Windows, etc. This library works with pathnames of local OS, however non-Unix pathnames are supported experimentally.

A Pathname can be relative or absolute. It’s not until you try to reference the file that it even matters whether the file exists or not.

Pathname is immutable. It has no method for destructive update.

The goal of this class is to manipulate file path information in a neater way than standard Ruby provides. The examples below demonstrate the difference.

All functionality from File, FileTest, and some from Dir and FileUtils is included, in an unsurprising way. It is essentially a facade for all of these, and more.

Examples

Example 1: Using Pathname

require 'pathname'
pn = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby")
size = pn.size              # 27662
isdir = pn.directory?       # false
dir  = pn.dirname           # Pathname:/usr/bin
base = pn.basename          # Pathname:ruby
dir, base = pn.split        # [Pathname:/usr/bin, Pathname:ruby]
data = pn.read
pn.open { |f| _ }
pn.each_line { |line| _ }

Example 2: Using standard Ruby

pn = "/usr/bin/ruby"
size = File.size(pn)        # 27662
isdir = File.directory?(pn) # false
dir  = File.dirname(pn)     # "/usr/bin"
base = File.basename(pn)    # "ruby"
dir, base = File.split(pn)  # ["/usr/bin", "ruby"]
data = File.read(pn)
File.open(pn) { |f| _ }
File.foreach(pn) { |line| _ }

Example 3: Special features

p1 = Pathname.new("/usr/lib")   # Pathname:/usr/lib
p2 = p1 + "ruby/1.8"            # Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8
p3 = p1.parent                  # Pathname:/usr
p4 = p2.relative_path_from(p3)  # Pathname:lib/ruby/1.8
pwd = Pathname.pwd              # Pathname:/home/gavin
pwd.absolute?                   # true
p5 = Pathname.new "."           # Pathname:.
p5 = p5 + "music/../articles"   # Pathname:music/../articles
p5.cleanpath                    # Pathname:articles
p5.realpath                     # Pathname:/home/gavin/articles
p5.children                     # [Pathname:/home/gavin/articles/linux, ...]

Breakdown of functionality

Core methods

These methods are effectively manipulating a String, because that’s all a path is. None of these access the file system except for #mountpoint?, #children, #each_child, #realdirpath and #realpath.

File status predicate methods

These methods are a facade for FileTest:

File property and manipulation methods

These methods are a facade for File:

Directory methods

These methods are a facade for Dir:

IO

These methods are a facade for IO:

  • #each_line(*args, &block)

  • #read(*args)

  • #binread(*args)

  • #readlines(*args)

  • #sysopen(*args)

Utilities

These methods are a mixture of Find, FileUtils, and others:

Method documentation

As the above section shows, most of the methods in Pathname are facades. The documentation for these methods generally just says, for instance, “See FileTest.writable?”, as you should be familiar with the original method anyway, and its documentation (e.g. through ri) will contain more information. In some cases, a brief description will follow.

Constant Summary

Class Method Summary

  • .getwd

    Alias for .pwd.

  • .glob(*args)

    Returns or yields Pathname objects.

  • .new(arg) constructor

    Create a Pathname object from the given String (or String-like object).

  • .pwd (also: .getwd)

    Returns the current working directory as a Pathname.

Instance Attribute Summary

Instance Method Summary

Constructor Details

.new(arg)

Create a Pathname object from the given String (or String-like object). If path contains a NULL character (\0), an ArgumentError is raised.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 95

static VALUE
path_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
{
    VALUE str;
    if (RB_TYPE_P(arg, T_STRING)) {
        str = arg;
    }
    else {
        str = rb_check_funcall(arg, id_to_path, 0, NULL);
        if (str == Qundef)
            str = arg;
        StringValue(str);
    }
    if (memchr(RSTRING_PTR(str), '\0', RSTRING_LEN(str)))
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "pathname contains null byte");
    str = rb_obj_dup(str);

    set_strpath(self, str);
    return self;
}

Class Method Details

.getwd

Alias for .pwd.

.glob(*args)

Returns or yields Pathname objects.

Pathname.glob("lib/i*.rb")
    #=> [#<Pathname:lib/ipaddr.rb>, #<Pathname:lib/irb.rb>]

See Dir.glob.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1084

static VALUE
path_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE args[3];
    int n;

    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &args[0], &args[1], &args[2]);
    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        return rb_block_call_kw(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, s_glob_i, klass, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
    }
    else {
        VALUE ary;
        long i;
        ary = rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
        ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
            VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
            elt = rb_class_new_instance(1, &elt, klass);
            rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
        }
        return ary;
    }
}

.pwd Also known as: .getwd

Returns the current working directory as a Pathname.

Pathname.getwd
    #=> #<Pathname:/home/zzak/projects/ruby>

See Dir.getwd.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1164

static VALUE
path_s_getwd(VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE str;
    str = rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_getwd, 0);
    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, klass);
}

Instance Attribute Details

#absolute?Boolean (readonly)

Predicate method for testing whether a path is absolute.

It returns true if the pathname begins with a slash.

p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
p.absolute?
    #=> true

p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
p.absolute?
    #=> false
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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 224

def absolute?
  !relative?
end

#blockdev?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.blockdev?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 841

static VALUE
path_blockdev_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_blockdev_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#chardev?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.chardev?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 850

static VALUE
path_chardev_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_chardev_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#directory?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.directory?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 895

static VALUE
path_directory_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_directory_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#empty?Boolean (readonly)

Tests the file is empty.

See Dir#empty? and FileTest.empty?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1059

static VALUE
path_empty_p(VALUE self)
{

    VALUE path = get_strpath(self);
    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_directory_p, 1, path)))
        return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_empty_p, 1, path);
    else
        return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_empty_p, 1, path);
}

#executable?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.executable?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 859

static VALUE
path_executable_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_executable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#executable_real?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.executable_real?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 868

static VALUE
path_executable_real_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_executable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#exist?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.exist?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 877

static VALUE
path_exist_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_exist_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#file?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.file?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 904

static VALUE
path_file_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_file_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#grpowned?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.grpowned?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 886

static VALUE
path_grpowned_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_grpowned_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#mountpoint?Boolean (readonly)

Returns true if self points to a mountpoint.

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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 192

def mountpoint?
  begin
    stat1 = self.lstat
    stat2 = self.parent.lstat
    stat1.dev != stat2.dev || stat1.ino == stat2.ino
  rescue Errno::ENOENT
    false
  end
end

#owned?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.owned?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 931

static VALUE
path_owned_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_owned_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#pipe?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.pipe?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 913

static VALUE
path_pipe_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_pipe_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#readable?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.readable?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 940

static VALUE
path_readable_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_readable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#readable_real?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.readable_real?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 958

static VALUE
path_readable_real_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_readable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#relative?Boolean (readonly)

The opposite of #absolute?

It returns false if the pathname begins with a slash.

p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
p.relative?
    #=> false

p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
p.relative?
    #=> true
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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 239

def relative?
  path = @path
  while r = chop_basename(path)
    path, = r
  end
  path == ''
end

#root?Boolean (readonly)

Predicate method for root directories. Returns true if the pathname consists of consecutive slashes.

It doesn’t access the filesystem. So it may return false for some pathnames which points to roots such as /usr/...

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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 209

def root?
  chop_basename(@path) == nil && /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(@path)
end

#setgid?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.setgid?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 976

static VALUE
path_setgid_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_setgid_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#setuid?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.setuid?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 967

static VALUE
path_setuid_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_setuid_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#size (readonly)

See FileTest.size.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 985

static VALUE
path_size(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_size, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#size?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.size?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 994

static VALUE
path_size_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_size_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#socket?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.socket?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 922

static VALUE
path_socket_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_socket_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#sticky?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.sticky?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1003

static VALUE
path_sticky_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_sticky_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#symlink?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.symlink?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1012

static VALUE
path_symlink_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_symlink_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#world_readable?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.world_readable?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 949

static VALUE
path_world_readable_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_world_readable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#world_writable?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.world_writable?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1030

static VALUE
path_world_writable_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_world_writable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#writable?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.writable?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1021

static VALUE
path_writable_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_writable_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#writable_real?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.writable_real?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1039

static VALUE
path_writable_real_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_writable_real_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#zero?Boolean (readonly)

See FileTest.zero?.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1048

static VALUE
path_zero_p(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_mFileTest, id_zero_p, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

Instance Method Details

#+(other) Also known as: #/

Appends a pathname fragment to self to produce a new Pathname object.

p1 = Pathname.new("/usr")      # Pathname:/usr
p2 = p1 + "bin/ruby"           # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
p3 = p1 + "/etc/passwd"        # Pathname:/etc/passwd

# / is aliased to +.
p4 = p1 / "bin/ruby"           # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
p5 = p1 / "/etc/passwd"        # Pathname:/etc/passwd

This method doesn’t access the file system; it is pure string manipulation.

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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 349

def +(other)
  other = Pathname.new(other) unless Pathname === other
  Pathname.new(plus(@path, other.to_s))
end

#/(other)

Alias for #+.

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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 353

alias / +

#<=>(other)

Provides a case-sensitive comparison operator for pathnames.

Pathname.new('/usr') <=> Pathname.new('/usr/bin')
    #=> -1
Pathname.new('/usr/bin') <=> Pathname.new('/usr/bin')
    #=> 0
Pathname.new('/usr/bin') <=> Pathname.new('/USR/BIN')
    #=> 1

It will return -1, 0 or 1 depending on the value of the left argument relative to the right argument. Or it will return nil if the arguments are not comparable.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 185

static VALUE
path_cmp(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    VALUE s1, s2;
    char *p1, *p2;
    char *e1, *e2;
    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
        return Qnil;
    s1 = get_strpath(self);
    s2 = get_strpath(other);
    p1 = RSTRING_PTR(s1);
    p2 = RSTRING_PTR(s2);
    e1 = p1 + RSTRING_LEN(s1);
    e2 = p2 + RSTRING_LEN(s2);
    while (p1 < e1 && p2 < e2) {
        int c1, c2;
        c1 = (unsigned char)*p1++;
        c2 = (unsigned char)*p2++;
        if (c1 == '/') c1 = '\0';
        if (c2 == '/') c2 = '\0';
        if (c1 != c2) {
            if (c1 < c2)
                return INT2FIX(-1);
            else
                return INT2FIX(1);
        }
    }
    if (p1 < e1)
        return INT2FIX(1);
    if (p2 < e2)
        return INT2FIX(-1);
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

#==(other) Also known as: #===, #eql?

Compare this pathname with other. The comparison is string-based. Be aware that two different paths (foo.txt and ./foo.txt) can refer to the same file.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 163

static VALUE
path_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other)
{
    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, rb_cPathname))
        return Qfalse;
    return rb_str_equal(get_strpath(self), get_strpath(other));
}

#===(other)

Alias for #==.

#add_trailing_separator(path) (private)

This method is for internal use only.

add_trailing_separator(path) -> path

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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 135

def add_trailing_separator(path) # :nodoc:
  if File.basename(path + 'a') == 'a'
    path
  else
    File.join(path, "") # xxx: Is File.join is appropriate to add separator?
  end
end

#ascend {|_self| ... }

Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object for each element in the given path in ascending order.

Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
   #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
   #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
   #<Pathname:/path/to>
   #<Pathname:/path>
   #<Pathname:/>

Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
   #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>
   #<Pathname:path/to/some>
   #<Pathname:path/to>
   #<Pathname:path>

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").ascend
  # ... do stuff ...
enum.each { |e| ... }
  # yields Pathnames /usr/bin/ruby, /usr/bin, /usr, and /.

It doesn’t access the filesystem.

Yields:

  • (_self)

Yield Parameters:

  • _self (Pathname)

    the object that the method was called on

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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 325

def ascend
  return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
  path = @path
  yield self
  while r = chop_basename(path)
    path, = r
    break if path.empty?
    yield self.class.new(del_trailing_separator(path))
  end
end

#atimeTime

Returns the last access time for the file.

See File.atime.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 501

static VALUE
path_atime(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_atime, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#basename(*args)

Returns the last component of the path.

See File.basename.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 765

static VALUE
path_basename(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    VALUE fext;
    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &fext) == 0)
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_basename, 1, str);
    else
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_basename, 2, str, fext);
    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
}

#binread([length [, offset]]) ⇒ String

Returns all the bytes from the file, or the first N if specified.

See File.binread.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 400

static VALUE
path_binread(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[3];
    int n;

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &args[1], &args[2]);
    return rb_funcallv(rb_cFile, id_binread, 1+n, args);
}

#binwrite(string, [offset]) ⇒ Fixnum #binwrite(string, [offset], open_args) ⇒ Fixnum

Writes contents to the file, opening it in binary mode.

See File.binwrite.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 442

static VALUE
path_binwrite(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[4];
    int n;

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
    return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_binwrite, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
}

#birthtimeTime

Returns the birth time for the file. If the platform doesn’t have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.

See File.birthtime.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 517

static VALUE
path_birthtime(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_birthtime, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#children(with_directory = true)

Returns the children of the directory (files and subdirectories, not recursive) as an array of Pathname objects.

By default, the returned pathnames will have enough information to access the files. If you set with_directory to false, then the returned pathnames will contain the filename only.

For example:

pn = Pathname("/usr/lib/ruby/1.8")
pn.children
    # -> [ Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/English.rb,
           Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/Env.rb,
           Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/abbrev.rb, ... ]
pn.children(false)
    # -> [ Pathname:English.rb, Pathname:Env.rb, Pathname:abbrev.rb, ... ]

Note that the results never contain the entries . and .. in the directory because they are not children.

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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 440

def children(with_directory=true)
  with_directory = false if @path == '.'
  result = []
  Dir.foreach(@path) {|e|
    next if e == '.' || e == '..'
    if with_directory
      result << self.class.new(File.join(@path, e))
    else
      result << self.class.new(e)
    end
  }
  result
end

#chmodInteger

Changes file permissions.

See File.chmod.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 563

static VALUE
path_chmod(VALUE self, VALUE mode)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_chmod, 2, mode, get_strpath(self));
}

#chop_basename(path) (private)

This method is for internal use only.

chop_basename(path) -> [pre-basename, basename] or nil

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# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 41

def chop_basename(path) # :nodoc:
  base = File.basename(path)
  if /\A#{SEPARATOR_PAT}?\z/o.match?(base)
    return nil
  else
    return path[0, path.rindex(base)], base
  end
end

#chownInteger

Change owner and group of the file.

See File.chown.

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# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 591

static VALUE
path_chown(VALUE self, VALUE owner, VALUE group)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_chown, 3, owner, group, get_strpath(self));
}

#cleanpath(consider_symlink = false)

Returns clean pathname of self with consecutive slashes and useless dots removed. The filesystem is not accessed.

If consider_symlink is true, then a more conservative algorithm is used to avoid breaking symbolic linkages. This may retain more .. entries than absolutely necessary, but without accessing the filesystem, this can’t be avoided.

See #realpath.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 85

def cleanpath(consider_symlink=false)
  if consider_symlink
    cleanpath_conservative
  else
    cleanpath_aggressive
  end
end

#cleanpath_aggressive (private)

This method is for internal use only.

Clean the path simply by resolving and removing excess . and .. entries. Nothing more, nothing less.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 97

def cleanpath_aggressive # :nodoc:
  path = @path
  names = []
  pre = path
  while r = chop_basename(pre)
    pre, base = r
    case base
    when '.'
    when '..'
      names.unshift base
    else
      if names[0] == '..'
        names.shift
      else
        names.unshift base
      end
    end
  end
  pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
  if /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(File.basename(pre))
    names.shift while names[0] == '..'
  end
  self.class.new(prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(*names)))
end

#cleanpath_conservative (private)

This method is for internal use only.
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 156

def cleanpath_conservative # :nodoc:
  path = @path
  names = []
  pre = path
  while r = chop_basename(pre)
    pre, base = r
    names.unshift base if base != '.'
  end
  pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
  if /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(File.basename(pre))
    names.shift while names[0] == '..'
  end
  if names.empty?
    self.class.new(File.dirname(pre))
  else
    if names.last != '..' && File.basename(path) == '.'
      names << '.'
    end
    result = prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(*names))
    if /\A(?:\.|\.\.)\z/ !~ names.last && has_trailing_separator?(path)
      self.class.new(add_trailing_separator(result))
    else
      self.class.new(result)
    end
  end
end

#ctimeTime

Returns the last change time, using directory information, not the file itself.

See File.ctime.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 535

static VALUE
path_ctime(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_ctime, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#del_trailing_separator(path) (private)

This method is for internal use only.
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 144

def del_trailing_separator(path) # :nodoc:
  if r = chop_basename(path)
    pre, basename = r
    pre + basename
  elsif /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}+\z/o =~ path
    $` + File.dirname(path)[/#{SEPARATOR_PAT}*\z/o]
  else
    path
  end
end

#delete Also known as: #unlink

Removes a file or directory, using File.unlink if self is a file, or Dir.unlink as necessary.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1291

static VALUE
path_unlink(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE eENOTDIR = rb_const_get_at(rb_mErrno, id_ENOTDIR);
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    return rb_rescue2(unlink_body, str, unlink_rescue, str, eENOTDIR, (VALUE)0);
}

#descend

Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object for each element in the given path in descending order.

Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
   #<Pathname:/>
   #<Pathname:/path>
   #<Pathname:/path/to>
   #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
   #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>

Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
   #<Pathname:path>
   #<Pathname:path/to>
   #<Pathname:path/to/some>
   #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").descend
  # ... do stuff ...
enum.each { |e| ... }
  # yields Pathnames /, /usr, /usr/bin, and /usr/bin/ruby.

It doesn’t access the filesystem.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 292

def descend
  return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
  vs = []
  ascend {|v| vs << v }
  vs.reverse_each {|v| yield v }
  nil
end

#dirname

Returns all but the last component of the path.

See File.dirname.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 782

static VALUE
path_dirname(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_dirname, 1, str);
    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
}

#each_child(with_directory = true, &b)

Iterates over the children of the directory (files and subdirectories, not recursive).

It yields Pathname object for each child.

By default, the yielded pathnames will have enough information to access the files.

If you set with_directory to false, then the returned pathnames will contain the filename only.

Pathname("/usr/local").each_child {|f| p f }
#=> #<Pathname:/usr/local/share>
#   #<Pathname:/usr/local/bin>
#   #<Pathname:/usr/local/games>
#   #<Pathname:/usr/local/lib>
#   #<Pathname:/usr/local/include>
#   #<Pathname:/usr/local/sbin>
#   #<Pathname:/usr/local/src>
#   #<Pathname:/usr/local/man>

Pathname("/usr/local").each_child(false) {|f| p f }
#=> #<Pathname:share>
#   #<Pathname:bin>
#   #<Pathname:games>
#   #<Pathname:lib>
#   #<Pathname:include>
#   #<Pathname:sbin>
#   #<Pathname:src>
#   #<Pathname:man>

Note that the results never contain the entries . and .. in the directory because they are not children.

See #children

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 490

def each_child(with_directory=true, &b)
  children(with_directory).each(&b)
end

#each_entry

Iterates over the entries (files and subdirectories) in the directory, yielding a Pathname object for each entry.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1266

static VALUE
path_each_entry(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[1];

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    return rb_block_call(rb_cDir, id_foreach, 1, args, each_entry_i, rb_obj_class(self));
}

#each_filename

Iterates over each component of the path.

Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename {|filename| ... }
  # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby".

Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.

enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename
  # ... do stuff ...
enum.each { |e| ... }
  # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby".
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 260

def each_filename # :yield: filename
  return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
  _, names = split_names(@path)
  names.each {|filename| yield filename }
  nil
end

#each_line {|line| ... } #each_line(sep=$/ [, open_args]) {|line| ... } ⇒ nil #each_line(limit [, open_args]) {|line| ... } ⇒ nil #each_line(sep, limit [, open_args]) {|line| ... } ⇒ nil #each_line(...) ⇒ Enumerator

Iterates over each line in the file and yields a String object for each.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 354

static VALUE
path_each_line(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[4];
    int n;

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        return rb_block_call_kw(rb_cFile, id_foreach, 1+n, args, 0, 0, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
    }
    else {
        return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_foreach, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
    }
}

#entries

Return the entries (files and subdirectories) in the directory, each as a Pathname object.

The results contains just the names in the directory, without any trailing slashes or recursive look-up.

pp Pathname.new('/usr/local').entries
#=> [#<Pathname:share>,
#    #<Pathname:lib>,
#    #<Pathname:..>,
#    #<Pathname:include>,
#    #<Pathname:etc>,
#    #<Pathname:bin>,
#    #<Pathname:man>,
#    #<Pathname:games>,
#    #<Pathname:.>,
#    #<Pathname:sbin>,
#    #<Pathname:src>]

The result may contain the current directory #<Pathname:.> and the parent directory #<Pathname:..>.

If you don’t want . and .. and want directories, consider #children.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1198

static VALUE
path_entries(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE klass, str, ary;
    long i;
    klass = rb_obj_class(self);
    str = get_strpath(self);
    ary = rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_entries, 1, str);
    ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
	VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
        elt = rb_class_new_instance(1, &elt, klass);
        rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
    }
    return ary;
}

#eql?(other)

Alias for #==.

#expand_path(*args)

Returns the absolute path for the file.

See File.expand_path.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 807

static VALUE
path_expand_path(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    VALUE dname;
    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &dname) == 0)
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_expand_path, 1, str);
    else
        str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_expand_path, 2, str, dname);
    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
}

#extname

Returns the file’s extension.

See File.extname.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 795

static VALUE
path_extname(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_extname, 1, str);
}

#find(ignore_error: true)

Iterates over the directory tree in a depth first manner, yielding a Pathname for each file under “this” directory.

Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.

Since it is implemented by the standard library module Find, Find.prune can be used to control the traversal.

If self is ., yielded pathnames begin with a filename in the current directory, not #/.

See Find.find

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 559

def find(ignore_error: true) # :yield: pathname
  return to_enum(__method__, ignore_error: ignore_error) unless block_given?
  require 'find'
  if @path == '.'
    Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f.sub(%r{\A\./}, '')) }
  else
    Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f) }
  end
end

#fnmatch(pattern, [flags]) ⇒ String #fnmatch?(pattern, [flags]) ⇒ String
Also known as: #fnmatch?

Return true if the receiver matches the given pattern.

See File.fnmatch.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 620

static VALUE
path_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    VALUE pattern, flags;
    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &pattern, &flags) == 1)
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_fnmatch, 2, pattern, str);
    else
        return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_fnmatch, 3, pattern, str, flags);
}

#fnmatch(pattern, [flags]) ⇒ String #fnmatch?(pattern, [flags]) ⇒ String

Alias for #fnmatch.

#freezeObject

Freezes this Pathname.

See Object.freeze.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 124

static VALUE
path_freeze(VALUE self)
{
    rb_call_super(0, 0);
    rb_str_freeze(get_strpath(self));
    return self;
}

#ftypeString

Returns “type” of file (“file”, “directory”, etc).

See File.ftype.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 639

static VALUE
path_ftype(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_ftype, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#glob(*args)

Returns or yields Pathname objects.

Pathname("ruby-2.4.2").glob("R*.md")
#=> [#<Pathname:ruby-2.4.2/README.md>, #<Pathname:ruby-2.4.2/README.ja.md>]

See Dir.glob. This method uses the base keyword argument of Dir.glob.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1124

static VALUE
path_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[3];
    int n;

    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &args[0], &args[1]);
    if (n == 1)
      args[1] = INT2FIX(0);

    args[2] = rb_hash_new();
    rb_hash_aset(args[2], ID2SYM(id_base), get_strpath(self));

    n = 3;

    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        return rb_block_call_kw(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, glob_i, self, RB_PASS_KEYWORDS);
    }
    else {
        VALUE ary;
        long i;
        ary = rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cDir, id_glob, n, args, RB_PASS_KEYWORDS);
        ary = rb_convert_type(ary, T_ARRAY, "Array", "to_ary");
        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
            VALUE elt = RARRAY_AREF(ary, i);
            elt = rb_funcall(self, '+', 1, elt);
            rb_ary_store(ary, i, elt);
        }
        return ary;
    }
}

#has_trailing_separator?(path) ⇒ Boolean (private)

This method is for internal use only.

has_trailing_separator?(path) -> bool

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 124

def has_trailing_separator?(path) # :nodoc:
  if r = chop_basename(path)
    pre, basename = r
    pre.length + basename.length < path.length
  else
    false
  end
end

#hash

This method is for internal use only.
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 224

static VALUE
path_hash(VALUE self)
{
    return ST2FIX(rb_str_hash(get_strpath(self)));
}

#inspect

This method is for internal use only.
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 246

static VALUE
path_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    const char *c = rb_obj_classname(self);
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    return rb_sprintf("#<%s:%"PRIsVALUE">", c, str);
}

#join(*args)

Joins the given pathnames onto self to create a new Pathname object.

path0 = Pathname.new("/usr")                # Pathname:/usr
path0 = path0.join("bin/ruby")              # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
    # is the same as
path1 = Pathname.new("/usr") + "bin/ruby"   # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
path0 == path1
    #=> true
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 407

def join(*args)
  return self if args.empty?
  result = args.pop
  result = Pathname.new(result) unless Pathname === result
  return result if result.absolute?
  args.reverse_each {|arg|
    arg = Pathname.new(arg) unless Pathname === arg
    result = arg + result
    return result if result.absolute?
  }
  self + result
end

#lchmodInteger

Same as #chmod, but does not follow symbolic links.

See File.lchmod.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 577

static VALUE
path_lchmod(VALUE self, VALUE mode)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lchmod, 2, mode, get_strpath(self));
}

#lchownInteger

Same as #chown, but does not follow symbolic links.

See File.lchown.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 605

static VALUE
path_lchown(VALUE self, VALUE owner, VALUE group)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lchown, 3, owner, group, get_strpath(self));
}

#lstat

See File.lstat.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 718

static VALUE
path_lstat(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_lstat, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#mkdir(*args)

Create the referenced directory.

See Dir.mkdir.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1220

static VALUE
path_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    VALUE vmode;
    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &vmode) == 0)
        return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_mkdir, 1, str);
    else
        return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_mkdir, 2, str, vmode);
}

#mkpath

Creates a full path, including any intermediate directories that don’t yet exist.

See FileUtils.mkpath and FileUtils.mkdir_p

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 576

def mkpath
  require 'fileutils'
  FileUtils.mkpath(@path)
  nil
end

#mtimeTime

Returns the last modified time of the file.

See File.mtime.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 549

static VALUE
path_mtime(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_mtime, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#open(*args)

Opens the file for reading or writing.

See File.open.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 664

static VALUE
path_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[4];
    int n;

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        return rb_block_call_kw(rb_cFile, id_open, 1+n, args, 0, 0, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
    }
    else {
        return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_open, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
    }
}

#opendir

Opens the referenced directory.

See Dir.open.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1247

static VALUE
path_opendir(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[1];

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    return rb_block_call(rb_cDir, id_open, 1, args, 0, 0);
}

#parent

Returns the parent directory.

This is same as self + '..'.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 187

def parent
  self + '..'
end

#plus(path1, path2) (private)

This method is for internal use only.

-> path # :nodoc:

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 355

def plus(path1, path2) # -> path # :nodoc:
  prefix2 = path2
  index_list2 = []
  basename_list2 = []
  while r2 = chop_basename(prefix2)
    prefix2, basename2 = r2
    index_list2.unshift prefix2.length
    basename_list2.unshift basename2
  end
  return path2 if prefix2 != ''
  prefix1 = path1
  while true
    while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '.'
      index_list2.shift
      basename_list2.shift
    end
    break unless r1 = chop_basename(prefix1)
    prefix1, basename1 = r1
    next if basename1 == '.'
    if basename1 == '..' || basename_list2.empty? || basename_list2.first != '..'
      prefix1 = prefix1 + basename1
      break
    end
    index_list2.shift
    basename_list2.shift
  end
  r1 = chop_basename(prefix1)
  if !r1 && (r1 = /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(File.basename(prefix1)))
    while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '..'
      index_list2.shift
      basename_list2.shift
    end
  end
  if !basename_list2.empty?
    suffix2 = path2[index_list2.first..-1]
    r1 ? File.join(prefix1, suffix2) : prefix1 + suffix2
  else
    r1 ? prefix1 : File.dirname(prefix1)
  end
end

#prepend_prefix(prefix, relpath) (private)

This method is for internal use only.
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 62

def prepend_prefix(prefix, relpath) # :nodoc:
  if relpath.empty?
    File.dirname(prefix)
  elsif /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o.match?(prefix)
    prefix = File.dirname(prefix)
    prefix = File.join(prefix, "") if File.basename(prefix + 'a') != 'a'
    prefix + relpath
  else
    prefix + relpath
  end
end

#read([length [, offset]]) ⇒ String #read([length [, offset]], open_args) ⇒ String

Returns all data from the file, or the first N bytes if specified.

See File.read.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 380

static VALUE
path_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[4];
    int n;

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
    return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_read, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
}

#readlines(sep=$/ [, open_args]) ⇒ Array #readlines(limit [, open_args]) ⇒ Array #readlines(sep, limit [, open_args]) ⇒ Array

Returns all the lines from the file.

See File.readlines.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 464

static VALUE
path_readlines(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[4];
    int n;

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
    return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_readlines, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
}

#realdirpath(*args)

Returns the real (absolute) pathname of self in the actual filesystem.

Does not contain symlinks or useless dots, .. and ..

The last component of the real pathname can be nonexistent.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 335

static VALUE
path_realdirpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE basedir, str;
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &basedir);
    str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_realdirpath, 2, get_strpath(self), basedir);
    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
}

#realpath(*args)

Returns the real (absolute) pathname for self in the actual filesystem.

Does not contain symlinks or useless dots, .. and ..

All components of the pathname must exist when this method is called.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 319

static VALUE
path_realpath(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE basedir, str;
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &basedir);
    str = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_realpath, 2, get_strpath(self), basedir);
    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
}

#relative_path_from(base_directory)

Returns a relative path from the given base_directory to the receiver.

If self is absolute, then base_directory must be absolute too.

If self is relative, then base_directory must be relative too.

This method doesn’t access the filesystem. It assumes no symlinks.

ArgumentError is raised when it cannot find a relative path.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 505

def relative_path_from(base_directory)
  base_directory = Pathname.new(base_directory) unless base_directory.is_a? Pathname
  dest_directory = self.cleanpath.to_s
  base_directory = base_directory.cleanpath.to_s
  dest_prefix = dest_directory
  dest_names = []
  while r = chop_basename(dest_prefix)
    dest_prefix, basename = r
    dest_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
  end
  base_prefix = base_directory
  base_names = []
  while r = chop_basename(base_prefix)
    base_prefix, basename = r
    base_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
  end
  unless SAME_PATHS[dest_prefix, base_prefix]
    raise ArgumentError, "different prefix: #{dest_prefix.inspect} and #{base_directory.inspect}"
  end
  while !dest_names.empty? &&
        !base_names.empty? &&
        SAME_PATHS[dest_names.first, base_names.first]
    dest_names.shift
    base_names.shift
  end
  if base_names.include? '..'
    raise ArgumentError, "base_directory has ..: #{base_directory.inspect}"
  end
  base_names.fill('..')
  relpath_names = base_names + dest_names
  if relpath_names.empty?
    Pathname.new('.')
  else
    Pathname.new(File.join(*relpath_names))
  end
end

#rename(to)

Rename the file.

See File.rename.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 698

static VALUE
path_rename(VALUE self, VALUE to)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_rename, 2, get_strpath(self), to);
}

#rmdir

Remove the referenced directory.

See Dir.rmdir.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 1236

static VALUE
path_rmdir(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cDir, id_rmdir, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#rmtree

Recursively deletes a directory, including all directories beneath it.

See FileUtils.rm_r

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 585

def rmtree
  # The name "rmtree" is borrowed from File::Path of Perl.
  # File::Path provides "mkpath" and "rmtree".
  require 'fileutils'
  FileUtils.rm_r(@path)
  nil
end

#split

Returns the #dirname and the #basename in an Array.

See File.split.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 824

static VALUE
path_split(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    VALUE ary, dirname, basename;
    ary = rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_split, 1, str);
    ary = rb_check_array_type(ary);
    dirname = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
    basename = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1);
    dirname = rb_class_new_instance(1, &dirname, rb_obj_class(self));
    basename = rb_class_new_instance(1, &basename, rb_obj_class(self));
    return rb_ary_new3(2, dirname, basename);
}

#split_names(path) (private)

This method is for internal use only.

split_names(path) -> prefix, [name, …]

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/lib/pathname.rb', line 52

def split_names(path) # :nodoc:
  names = []
  while r = chop_basename(path)
    path, basename = r
    names.unshift basename
  end
  return path, names
end

#stat

Returns a File::Stat object.

See File.stat.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 709

static VALUE
path_stat(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_stat, 1, get_strpath(self));
}

#sub(*args)

Return a pathname which is substituted by String#sub.

path1 = Pathname.new('/usr/bin/perl')
path1.sub('perl', 'ruby')
    #=> #<Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby>
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 261

static VALUE
path_sub(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);

    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        str = rb_block_call(str, id_sub, argc, argv, 0, 0);
    }
    else {
        str = rb_funcallv(str, id_sub, argc, argv);
    }
    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, rb_obj_class(self));
}

#sub_ext(repl)

Return a pathname with repl added as a suffix to the basename.

If self has no extension part, repl is appended.

Pathname.new('/usr/bin/shutdown').sub_ext('.rb')
    #=> #<Pathname:/usr/bin/shutdown.rb>
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 283

static VALUE
path_sub_ext(VALUE self, VALUE repl)
{
    VALUE str = get_strpath(self);
    VALUE str2;
    long extlen;
    const char *ext;
    const char *p;

    StringValue(repl);
    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
    extlen = RSTRING_LEN(str);
    ext = ruby_enc_find_extname(p, &extlen, rb_enc_get(str));
    if (ext == NULL) {
        ext = p + RSTRING_LEN(str);
    }
    else if (extlen <= 1) {
        ext += extlen;
    }
    str2 = rb_str_subseq(str, 0, ext-p);
    rb_str_append(str2, repl);
    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &str2, rb_obj_class(self));
}

#sysopen([mode, [perm]]) ⇒ Fixnum

See IO.sysopen.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 482

static VALUE
path_sysopen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[3];
    int n;

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &args[1], &args[2]);
    return rb_funcallv(rb_cIO, id_sysopen, 1+n, args);
}

#taintObject

Returns pathname. This method is deprecated and will be removed in Ruby 3.2.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 138

static VALUE
path_taint(VALUE self)
{
    rb_warning("Pathname#taint is deprecated and will be removed in Ruby 3.2.");
    return self;
}

#to_sString #to_pathString

Alias for #to_s.

#to_sString #to_pathString
Also known as: #to_path

Return the path as a String.

to_path is implemented so Pathname objects are usable with File.open, etc.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 239

static VALUE
path_to_s(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_obj_dup(get_strpath(self));
}

#truncate(length)

Truncates the file to length bytes.

See File.truncate.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 743

static VALUE
path_truncate(VALUE self, VALUE length)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_truncate, 2, get_strpath(self), length);
}

#untaintObject

Returns pathname. This method is deprecated and will be removed in Ruby 3.2.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 151

static VALUE
path_untaint(VALUE self)
{
    rb_warning("Pathname#untaint is deprecated and will be removed in Ruby 3.2.");
    return self;
}

#utime(atime, mtime)

Update the access and modification times of the file.

See File.utime.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 754

static VALUE
path_utime(VALUE self, VALUE atime, VALUE mtime)
{
    return rb_funcall(rb_cFile, id_utime, 3, atime, mtime, get_strpath(self));
}

#write(string, [offset]) ⇒ Fixnum #write(string, [offset], open_args) ⇒ Fixnum

Writes contents to the file.

See File.write.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'ext/pathname/pathname.c', line 421

static VALUE
path_write(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE args[4];
    int n;

    args[0] = get_strpath(self);
    n = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &args[1], &args[2], &args[3]);
    return rb_funcallv_kw(rb_cFile, id_write, 1+n, args, RB_PASS_CALLED_KEYWORDS);
}