• Fix support for PostgreSQL enum types with commas in their name.

  Arthur Hess

• Fix inserts on MySQL with no RETURNING support for a table with multiple auto populated columns.

  Nikita Vasilevsky

• Fix joining on a scoped association with string joins and bind parameters.

  class Instructor < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many :instructor_roles, -> { active }
  end
  
  class InstructorRole < ActiveRecord::Base
    scope :active, -> {
      joins("JOIN students ON instructor_roles.student_id = students.id")
      .where(students { status: 1 })
    }
  end
  
  Instructor.joins(:instructor_roles).first

  The above example would result in ::ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid because the active scope bind parameters would be lost.

  Jean Boussier

• Fix a potential race condition with system tests and transactional fixtures.

  Sjoerd Lagarde

• Fix autosave associations to no longer validated unmodified associated records.

  Active Record was incorrectly performing validation on associated record that weren't created nor modified as part of the transaction:

  Post.create!(author: User.find(1)) # Fail if user is invalid

  Jean Boussier

• Remember when a database connection has recently been verified (for two seconds, by default), to avoid repeated reverifications during a single request.

  This should recreate a similar rate of verification as in Rails 7.1, where connections are leased for the duration of a request, and thus only verified once.

  Matthew Draper

• Fix a race condition in ActiveRecord::Base#method_missing when lazily defining attributes.

  If multiple thread were concurrently triggering attribute definition on the same model, it could result in a NoMethodError being raised.

  Jean Boussier

• Fix MySQL default functions getting dropped when changing a column's nullability.

  Bastian Bartmann

• Fix parsing of SQLite foreign key names when they contain non-ASCII characters

  Zacharias Knudsen

• Fix parsing of MySQL 8.0.16+ CHECK constraints when they contain new lines.

  Steve Hill

• Ensure normalized attribute queries use IS NULL consistently for nil and normalized nil values.

  Joshua Young

Rails 7.2.2.1 (December 10, 2024)

• No changes.

Rails 7.2.2 (October 30, 2024)

• Fix support for query_cache: false in database.yml.

  query_cache: false would no longer entirely disable the Active Record query cache.

  zzak

• Set .attributes_for_inspect to :all by default.

  For new applications it is set to [:id] in config/environment/production.rb.

  In the console all the attributes are always shown.

  Andrew Novoselac

• PG::UnableToSend: no connection to the server is now retryable as a connection-related exception

  Kazuma Watanabe

• Fix marshalling of unsaved associated records in 7.1 format.

  The 7.1 format would only marshal associated records if the association was loaded. But associations that would only contain unsaved records would be skipped.

  Jean Boussier

• Fix incorrect SQL query when passing an empty hash to ActiveRecord::Base.insert.

  David Stosik

• Allow to save records with polymorphic join tables that have inverse_of specified.

  Markus Doits

• Fix association scopes applying on the incorrect join when using a polymorphic has_many through:.

  Joshua Young

• Fix dependent: :destroy for bi-directional has one through association.

  Fixes #50948.

  class Left < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_one :middle, dependent: :destroy
    has_one :right, through: :middle
  end
  
  class Middle < ActiveRecord::Base
    belongs_to :left, dependent: :destroy
    belongs_to :right, dependent: :destroy
  end
  
  class Right < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_one :middle, dependent: :destroy
    has_one :left, through: :middle
  end

  In the above example left.destroy wouldn't destroy its associated Right record.

  Andy Stewart

• Properly handle lazily pinned connection pools.

  Fixes #53147.

  When using transactional fixtures with system tests to similar tools such as capybara, it could happen that a connection end up pinned by the server thread rather than the test thread, causing "Cannot expire connection, it is owned by a different thread" errors.

  Jean Boussier

• Fix ActiveRecord::Base.with to accept more than two sub queries.

  Fixes #53110.

  User.with(foo: [User.select(:id), User.select(:id), User.select(:id)]).to_sql
  undefined method `union' for an instance of Arel::Nodes::UnionAll (NoMethodError)

  The above now works as expected.

  fatkodima

• Properly release pinned connections with non joinable connections.

  Fixes #52973

  When running system tests with transactional fixtures on, it could happen that the connection leased by the Puma thread wouldn't be properly released back to the pool, causing "Cannot expire connection, it is owned by a different thread" errors in later tests.

  Jean Boussier

• Make Float distinguish between float4 and float8 in PostgreSQL.

  Fixes #52742

  Ryota Kitazawa, Takayuki Nagatomi

• Fix an issue where .left_outer_joins used with multiple associations that have the same child association but different parents does not join all parents.

  Previously, using .left_outer_joins with the same child association would only join one of the parents.

  Now it will correctly join both parents.

  Fixes #41498.

  Garrett Blehm

• Ensure ActiveRecord::Encryption.config is always ready before access.

  Previously, ::ActiveRecord::Encryption configuration was deferred until ::ActiveRecord::Base was loaded. Therefore, accessing ActiveRecord::Encryption.config properties before ::ActiveRecord::Base was loaded would give incorrect results.

  ::ActiveRecord::Encryption now has its own loading hook so that its configuration is set as soon as needed.

  When ::ActiveRecord::Base is loaded, even lazily, it in turn triggers the loading of ::ActiveRecord::Encryption, thus preserving the original behavior of having its config ready before any use of ::ActiveRecord::Base.

  Maxime Réty

• Add TimeZoneConverter#== method, so objects will be properly compared by their type, scale, limit & precision.

  Address #52699.

  Ruy Rocha

Rails 7.2.1.2 (October 23, 2024)

• No changes.

Rails 7.2.1.1 (October 15, 2024)

• No changes.

Rails 7.2.1 (August 22, 2024)

• Fix detection for enum columns with parallelized tests and PostgreSQL.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Allow to eager load nested nil associations.

  fatkodima

• Fix swallowing ignore order warning when batching using BatchEnumerator.

  fatkodima

• Fix memory bloat on the connection pool when using the Fiber IsolatedExecutionState.

  Jean Boussier

• Restore inferred association class with the same modularized name.

  Justin Ko

• Fix ActiveRecord::Base.inspect to properly explain how to load schema information.

  Jean Boussier

• Check invalid enum options for the new syntax.

  The options using _ prefix in the old syntax are invalid in the new syntax.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Fix ActiveRecord::Encryption::EncryptedAttributeType#type to return actual cast type.

  Vasiliy Ermolovich

• Fix create_table with :auto_increment option for MySQL adapter.

  fatkodima

Rails 7.2.0 (August 09, 2024)

• Handle commas in Sqlite3 default function definitions.

  Stephen Margheim

• Fixes validates_associated raising an exception when configured with a singular association and having index_nested_attribute_errors enabled.

  Martin Spickermann

• The constant ActiveRecord::ImmutableRelation has been deprecated because we want to reserve that name for a stronger sense of "immutable relation". Please use ::ActiveRecord::UnmodifiableRelation instead.

  Xavier Noria

• Add condensed #inspect for ConnectionPool, AbstractAdapter, and DatabaseConfig.

  Hartley McGuire

• Fixed a memory performance issue in Active Record attribute methods definition.

  Jean Boussier

• Define the new Active Support notification event start_transaction.active_record.

  This event is fired when database transactions or savepoints start, and complements transaction.active_record, which is emitted when they finish.

  The payload has the transaction (:transaction) and the connection (:connection).

  Xavier Noria

• Fix an issue where the IDs reader method did not return expected results for preloaded associations in models using composite primary keys.

  Jay Ang

• The payload of sql.active_record Active Support notifications now has the current transaction in the :transaction key.

  Xavier Noria

• The payload of transaction.active_record Active Support notifications now has the transaction the event is related to in the :transaction key.

  Xavier Noria

• Define ActiveRecord::Transaction#uuid, which returns a UUID for the database transaction. This may be helpful when tracing database activity. These UUIDs are generated only on demand.

  Xavier Noria

• Fix inference of association model on nested models with the same demodularized name.

  E.g. with the following setup:

  class Nested::Post < ApplicationRecord
    has_one :post, through: :other
  end

  Before, #post would infer the model as Nested::Post, but now it correctly infers Post.

  Joshua Young

• PostgreSQL Cidr#change? detects the address prefix change.

  Taketo Takashima

• Change BatchEnumerator#destroy_all to return the total number of affected rows.

  Previously, it always returned nil.

  fatkodima

• Support touch_all in batches.

  Post.in_batches.touch_all

  fatkodima

• Add support for :if_not_exists and :force options to create_schema.

  fatkodima

• Fix index_errors having incorrect index in association validation errors.

  lulalala

• Add index_errors: :nested_attributes_order mode.

  This indexes the association validation errors based on the order received by nested attributes setter, and respects the reject_if configuration. This enables API to provide enough information to the frontend to map the validation errors back to their respective form fields.

  lulalala

• Add Rails.application.config.active_record.postgresql_adapter_decode_dates to opt out of decoding dates automatically with the postgresql adapter. Defaults to true.

  Joé Dupuis

• Association option query_constraints is deprecated in favor of foreign_key.

  Nikita Vasilevsky

• Add ENV["SKIP_TEST_DATABASE_TRUNCATE"] flag to speed up multi-process test runs on large DBs when all tests run within default transaction.

  This cuts ~10s from the test run of HEY when run by 24 processes against the 178 tables, since ~4,000 table truncates can then be skipped.

  DHH

• Added support for recursive common table expressions.

  Post.with_recursive(
    post_and_replies: [
      Post.where(id: 42),
      Post.joins('JOIN post_and_replies ON posts.in_reply_to_id = post_and_replies.id'),
    ]
  )

  Generates the following SQL:

  WITH RECURSIVE "post_and_replies" AS (
    (SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 42)
    UNION ALL
    (SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" JOIN post_and_replies ON posts.in_reply_to_id = post_and_replies.id)
  )
  SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts"
  

  ClearlyClaire

• validate_constraint can be called in a change_table block.

  ex:

  change_table :products do |t|
    t.check_constraint "price > discounted_price", name: "price_check", validate: false
    t.validate_check_constraint "price_check"
  end

  Cody Cutrer

• PostgreSQLAdapter now decodes columns of type date to Date instead of string.

  Ex:

  ActiveRecord::Base.connection
       .select_value("select '2024-01-01'::date").class #=> Date

  Joé Dupuis

• Strict loading using :n_plus_one_only does not eagerly load child associations.

  With this change, child associations are no longer eagerly loaded, to match intended behavior and to prevent non-deterministic order issues caused by calling methods like first or last. As first and last don't cause an N+1 by themselves, calling child associations will no longer raise. Fixes #49473.

  Before:

  person = Person.find(1)
  person.strict_loading!(mode: :n_plus_one_only)
  person.posts.first
  # SELECT * FROM posts WHERE person_id = 1; -- non-deterministic order
  person.posts.first.firm # raises ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError

  After:

  person = Person.find(1)
  person.strict_loading!(mode: :n_plus_one_only)
  person.posts.first # this is 1+1, not N+1
  # SELECT * FROM posts WHERE person_id = 1 ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
  person.posts.first.firm # no longer raises

  Reid Lynch

• Allow Sqlite3Adapter to use sqlite3 gem version 2.x.

  Mike Dalessio

• Allow ActiveRecord::Base#pluck to accept hash values.

  # Before
  Post.joins(:comments).pluck("posts.id", "comments.id", "comments.body")
  
  # After
  Post.joins(:comments).pluck(posts: [:id], comments: [:id, :body])

  fatkodima

• Raise an ::ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError error when the MySQL database returns an invalid version string.

  Kevin McPhillips

• ActiveRecord::Base.transaction now yields an ::ActiveRecord::Transaction object.

  This allows to register callbacks on it.

  Article.transaction do |transaction|
    article.update(published: true)
    transaction.after_commit do
      PublishNotificationMailer.with(article: article).deliver_later
    end
  end

  Jean Boussier

• Add ActiveRecord::Base.current_transaction.

  Returns the current transaction, to allow registering callbacks on it.

  Article.current_transaction.after_commit do
    PublishNotificationMailer.with(article: article).deliver_later
  end

  Jean Boussier

• Add ActiveRecord.after_all_transactions_commit callback.

  Useful for code that may run either inside or outside a transaction and needs to perform work after the state changes have been properly persisted.

  def publish_article(article)
    article.update(published: true)
    ActiveRecord.after_all_transactions_commit do
      PublishNotificationMailer.with(article: article).deliver_later
    end
  end

  In the above example, the block is either executed immediately if called outside of a transaction, or called after the open transaction is committed.

  If the transaction is rolled back, the block isn't called.

  Jean Boussier

• Add the ability to ignore counter cache columns until they are backfilled.

  Starting to use counter caches on existing large tables can be troublesome, because the column values must be backfilled separately of the column addition (to not lock the table for too long) and before the use of :counter_cache (otherwise methods like size/any?/etc, which use counter caches internally, can produce incorrect results). People usually use database triggers or callbacks on child associations while backfilling before introducing a counter cache configuration to the association.

  Now, to safely backfill the column, while keeping the column updated with child records added/removed, use:

  class Comment < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :post, counter_cache: { active: false }
  end

  While the counter cache is not "active", the methods like size/any?/etc will not use it, but get the results directly from the database. After the counter cache column is backfilled, simply remove the { active: false } part from the counter cache definition, and it will now be used by the mentioned methods.

  fatkodima

• Retry known idempotent SELECT queries on connection-related exceptions.

  SELECT queries we construct by walking the Arel tree and / or with known model attributes are idempotent and can safely be retried in the case of a connection error. Previously, adapters such as TrilogyAdapter would raise ActiveRecord::ConnectionFailed: Trilogy::EOFError when encountering a connection error mid-request.

  Adrianna Chang

• Allow association's foreign_key to be composite.

  query_constraints option was the only way to configure a composite foreign key by passing an Array. Now it's possible to pass an Array value as foreign_key to achieve the same behavior of an association.

  Nikita Vasilevsky

• Allow association's primary_key to be composite.

  Association's primary_key can be composite when derived from associated model primary_key or query_constraints. Now it's possible to explicitly set it as composite on the association.

  Nikita Vasilevsky

• Add config.active_record.permanent_connection_checkout setting.

  Controls whether ActiveRecord::Base.connection raises an error, emits a deprecation warning, or neither.

  ActiveRecord::Base.connection checkouts a database connection from the pool and keeps it leased until the end of the request or job. This behavior can be undesirable in environments that use many more threads or fibers than there is available connections.

  This configuration can be used to track down and eliminate code that calls ActiveRecord::Base.connection and migrate it to use ActiveRecord::Base.with_connection instead.

  The default behavior remains unchanged, and there is currently no plans to change the default.

  Jean Boussier

• Add dirties option to uncached.

  This adds a dirties option to ActiveRecord::Base.uncached and ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionPool#uncached.

  When set to true (the default), writes will clear all query caches belonging to the current thread. When set to false, writes to the affected connection pool will not clear any query cache.

  This is needed by Solid Cache so that cache writes do not clear query caches.

  Donal McBreen

• Deprecate ActiveRecord::Base.connection in favor of .lease_connection.

  The method has been renamed as lease_connection to better reflect that the returned connection will be held for the duration of the request or job.

  This deprecation is a soft deprecation, no warnings will be issued and there is no current plan to remove the method.

  Jean Boussier

• Deprecate ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionPool#connection.

  The method has been renamed as lease_connection to better reflect that the returned connection will be held for the duration of the request or job.

  Jean Boussier

• Expose a generic fixture accessor for fixture names that may conflict with Minitest.

  assert_equal "Ruby on Rails", web_sites(:rubyonrails).name
  assert_equal "Ruby on Rails", fixture(:web_sites, :rubyonrails).name

  Jean Boussier

• Using Model.query_constraints with a single non-primary-key column used to raise as expected, but with an incorrect error message.

  This has been fixed to raise with a more appropriate error message.

  Joshua Young

• Fix has_one association autosave setting the foreign key attribute when it is unchanged.

  This behavior is also inconsistent with autosaving belongs_to and can have unintended side effects like raising an ::ActiveRecord::ReadonlyAttributeError when the foreign key attribute is marked as read-only.

  Joshua Young

• Remove deprecated behavior that would rollback a transaction block when exited using return, break or throw.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Deprecate Rails.application.config.active_record.commit_transaction_on_non_local_return.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to pass rewhere to ActiveRecord::Relation#merge.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to pass deferrable: true to add_foreign_key.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to quote ::ActiveSupport::Duration.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated #quote_bound_value.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionPool#connection_klass.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to apply #connection_pool_list, #active_connections?, #clear_active_connections!, #clear_reloadable_connections!, #clear_all_connections! and #flush_idle_connections! to the connections pools for the current role when the role argument isn't provided.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated #all_connection_pools.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#data_sources.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache.load_from.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated #all_foreign_keys_valid? from database adapters.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to passing coder and class as second argument to serialize.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to ActiveRecord::Base#read_attribute(:id) to return the custom primary key value.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated TestFixtures.fixture_path.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated behavior to support referring to a singular association by its plural name.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Deprecate Rails.application.config.active_record.allow_deprecated_singular_associations_name.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to passing SchemaMigration and InternalMetadata classes as arguments to ::ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending! method.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.runtime method.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.runtime= method.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.reset_runtime method.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to define explain in the connection adapter with 2 arguments.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::ActiveJobRequiredError.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::Base.clear_active_connections!.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::Base.clear_reloadable_connections!.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::Base.clear_all_connections!.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::Base.flush_idle_connections!.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated name argument from ActiveRecord::Base.remove_connection.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support to call alias_attribute with non-existent attribute names.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated Rails.application.config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Add ::ActiveRecord::Encryption::MessagePackMessageSerializer.

  Serialize data to the MessagePack format, for efficient storage in binary columns.

  The binary encoding requires around 30% less space than the base64 encoding used by the default serializer.

  Donal McBreen

• Add support for encrypting binary columns.

  Ensure encryption and decryption pass Type::Binary::Data around for binary data.

  Previously encrypting binary columns with the ::ActiveRecord::Encryption::MessageSerializer incidentally worked for MySQL and SQLite, but not PostgreSQL.

  Donal McBreen

• Deprecated ENV["SCHEMA_CACHE"] in favor of schema_cache_path in the database configuration.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Add ActiveRecord::Base.with_connection as a shortcut for leasing a connection for a short duration.

  The leased connection is yielded, and for the duration of the block, any call to ActiveRecord::Base.connection will yield that same connection.

  This is useful to perform a few database operations without causing a connection to be leased for the entire duration of the request or job.

  Jean Boussier

• Deprecate config.active_record.warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than now that sql.active_record notification includes :row_count field.

  Jason Nochlin

• The fix ensures that the association is joined using the appropriate join type (either inner join or left outer join) based on the existing joins in the scope.

  This prevents unintentional overrides of existing join types and ensures consistency in the generated SQL queries.

  Example:

  # `associated` will use `LEFT JOIN` instead of using {JOIN}
  Post.left_joins(:author).where.associated(:author)

  Saleh Alhaddad

• Fix an issue where ::ActiveRecord::Encryption configurations are not ready before the loading of Active Record models, when an application is eager loaded. As a result, encrypted attributes could be misconfigured in some cases.

  Maxime Réty

• Deprecate defining an enum with keyword arguments.

  class Function > ApplicationRecord
    # BAD
    enum color: [:red, :blue],
         type: [:instance, :class]
  
    # GOOD
    enum :color, [:red, :blue]
    enum :type, [:instance, :class]
  end

  Hartley McGuire

• Add config.active_record.validate_migration_timestamps option for validating migration timestamps.

  When set, validates that the timestamp prefix for a migration is no more than a day ahead of the timestamp associated with the current time. This is designed to prevent migrations prefixes from being hand-edited to future timestamps, which impacts migration generation and other migration commands.

  Adrianna Chang

• Properly synchronize Mysql2Adapter#active? and TrilogyAdapter#active?.

  As well as disconnect! and verify!.

  This generally isn't a big problem as connections must not be shared between threads, but is required when running transactional tests or system tests and could lead to a SEGV.

  Jean Boussier

• Support :source_location tag option for query log tags.

  config.active_record.query_log_tags << :source_location

  Calculating the caller location is a costly operation and should be used primarily in development (note, there is also a config.active_record.verbose_query_logs that serves the same purpose) or occasionally on production for debugging purposes.

  fatkodima

• Add an option to ::ActiveRecord::Encryption::Encryptor to disable compression.

  Allow compression to be disabled by setting compress: false

  class User
    encrypts :name, encryptor: ActiveRecord::Encryption::Encryptor.new(compress: false)
  end

  Donal McBreen

• Deprecate passing strings to ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks#cache_dump_filename.

  A ::ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig object should be passed instead.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Add row_count field to sql.active_record notification.

  This field returns the amount of rows returned by the query that emitted the notification.

  This metric is useful in cases where one wants to detect queries with big result sets.

  Marvin Bitterlich

• Consistently raise an ArgumentError when passing an invalid argument to a nested attributes association writer.

  Previously, this would only raise on collection associations and produce a generic error on singular associations.

  Now, it will raise on both collection and singular associations.

  Joshua Young

• Fix single quote escapes on default generated MySQL columns.

  MySQL 5.7.5+ supports generated columns, which can be used to create a column that is computed from an expression.

  Previously, the schema dump would output a string with double escapes for generated columns with single quotes in the default expression.

  This would result in issues when importing the schema on a fresh instance of a MySQL database.

  Now, the string will not be escaped and will be valid Ruby upon importing of the schema.

  Yash Kapadia

• Fix Migrations with versions older than 7.1 validating options given to add_reference and t.references.

  Hartley McGuire

• Add <role>_types class method to ::ActiveRecord::DelegatedType so that the delegated types can be introspected.

  JP Rosevear

• Make schema_dump, query_cache, replica and database_tasks configurable via DATABASE_URL.

  This wouldn't always work previously because boolean values would be interpreted as strings.

  e.g. DATABASE_URL=postgres://localhost/foo?schema_dump=false now properly disable dumping the schema cache.

  Mike Coutermarsh, Jean Boussier

• Introduce ActiveRecord::Transactions::ClassMethods#set_callback.

  It is identical to ActiveSupport::Callbacks::ClassMethods#set_callback but with support for after_commit and after_rollback callback options.

  Joshua Young

• Make ::ActiveRecord::Encryption::Encryptor agnostic of the serialization format used for encrypted data.

  Previously, the encryptor instance only allowed an encrypted value serialized as a String to be passed to the message serializer.

  Now, the encryptor lets the configured message_serializer decide which types of serialized encrypted values are supported. A custom serialiser is therefore allowed to serialize ::ActiveRecord::Encryption::Message objects using a type other than String.

  The default ::ActiveRecord::Encryption::MessageSerializer already ensures that only String objects are passed for deserialization.

  Maxime Réty

• Fix encrypted_attribute? to take into account context properties passed to encrypts.

  Maxime Réty

• The object returned by explain now responds to pluck, first, last, average, count, maximum, minimum, and sum. Those new methods run EXPLAIN on the corresponding queries:

  User.all.explain.count
  # EXPLAIN SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `users`
  # ...
  
  User.all.explain.maximum(:id)
  # EXPLAIN SELECT MAX(`users`.`id`) FROM `users`
  # ...

  Petrik de Heus

• Fixes an issue where validates_associated :on option wasn't respected when validating associated records.

  Austen Madden, Alex Ghiculescu, Rafał Brize

• Allow overriding SQLite defaults from database.yml.

  Any PRAGMA configuration set under the pragmas key in the configuration file takes precedence over Rails' defaults, and additional PRAGMAs can be set as well.

  database: storage/development.sqlite3
  timeout: 5000
  pragmas:
    journal_mode: off
    temp_store: memory
  

  Stephen Margheim

• Remove warning message when running SQLite in production, but leave it unconfigured.

  There are valid use cases for running SQLite in production. However, it must be done with care, so instead of a warning most users won't see anyway, it's preferable to leave the configuration commented out to force them to think about having the database on a persistent volume etc.

  Jacopo Beschi, Jean Boussier

• Add support for generated columns to the SQLite3 adapter.

  Generated columns (both stored and dynamic) are supported since version 3.31.0 of SQLite. This adds support for those to the SQLite3 adapter.

  create_table :users do |t|
    t.string :name
    t.virtual :name_upper, type: :string, as: 'UPPER(name)'
    t.virtual :name_lower, type: :string, as: 'LOWER(name)', stored: true
  end

  Stephen Margheim

• TrilogyAdapter: ignore host if socket parameter is set.

  This allows to configure a connection on a UNIX socket via DATABASE_URL:

  DATABASE_URL=trilogy://does-not-matter/my_db_production?socket=/var/run/mysql.sock

  Jean Boussier

• Make assert_queries_count, assert_no_queries, assert_queries_match, and assert_no_queries_match assertions public.

  To assert the expected number of queries are made, Rails internally uses assert_queries_count and assert_no_queries. To assert that specific SQL queries are made, assert_queries_match and assert_no_queries_match are used. These assertions can now be used in applications as well.

  class ArticleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
    test "queries are made" do
      assert_queries_count(1) { Article.first }
    end
  
    test "creates a foreign key" do
      assert_queries_match(/ADD FOREIGN KEY/i, include_schema: true) do
        @connection.add_foreign_key(:comments, :posts)
      end
    end
  end

  Petrik de Heus, fatkodima

• Fix has_secure_token calls the setter method on initialize.

  Abeid Ahmed

• When using a DATABASE_URL, allow for a configuration to map the protocol in the URL to a specific database adapter. This allows decoupling the adapter the application chooses to use from the database connection details set in the deployment environment.

  # ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "mysql://localhost/example_database"
  config.active_record.protocol_adapters.mysql = "trilogy"
  # will connect to MySQL using the trilogy adapter

  Jean Boussier, Kevin McPhillips

• In cases where MySQL returns warning_count greater than zero, but returns no warnings when the SHOW WARNINGS query is executed, ActiveRecord.db_warnings_action proc will still be called with a generic warning message rather than silently ignoring the warning(s).

  Kevin McPhillips

• DatabaseConfigurations#configs_for accepts a symbol in the name parameter.

  Andrew Novoselac

• Fix where(field: values) queries when field is a serialized attribute (for example, when field uses ActiveRecord::Base.serialize or is a JSON column).

  João Alves

• Make the output of ActiveRecord::Core#inspect configurable.

  By default, calling inspect on a record will yield a formatted string including just the id.

  Post.first.inspect #=> "#<Post id: 1>"

  The attributes to be included in the output of inspect can be configured with ActiveRecord::Core#attributes_for_inspect.

  Post.attributes_for_inspect = [:id, :title]
  Post.first.inspect #=> "#<Post id: 1, title: "Hello, World!">"

  With attributes_for_inspect set to :all, inspect will list all the record's attributes.

  Post.attributes_for_inspect = :all
  Post.first.inspect #=> "#<Post id: 1, title: "Hello, World!", published_at: "2023-10-23 14:28:11 +0000">"

  In development and test mode, attributes_for_inspect will be set to :all by default.

  You can also call full_inspect to get an inspection with all the attributes.

  The attributes in attribute_for_inspect will also be used for pretty_print.

  Andrew Novoselac

• Don't mark attributes as changed when reassigned to Float::INFINITY or -Float::INFINITY.

  Maicol Bentancor

• Support the RETURNING clause for MariaDB.

  fatkodima, Nikolay Kondratyev

• The SQLite3 adapter now implements the supports_deferrable_constraints? contract.

  Allows foreign keys to be deferred by adding the :deferrable key to the foreign_key options.

  add_reference :person, :alias, foreign_key: { deferrable: :deferred }
  add_reference :alias, :person, foreign_key: { deferrable: :deferred }

  Stephen Margheim

• Add the set_constraints helper to PostgreSQL connections.

  Post.create!(user_id: -1) # => ActiveRecord::InvalidForeignKey
  
  Post.transaction do
    Post.connection.set_constraints(:deferred)
    p = Post.create!(user_id: -1)
    u = User.create!
    p.user = u
    p.save!
  end

  Cody Cutrer

• Include ::ActiveModel::API in ::ActiveRecord::Base.

  Sean Doyle

• Ensure #signed_id outputs url_safe strings.

  Jason Meller

• Add nulls_last and working desc.nulls_first for MySQL.

  Tristan Fellows

• Allow for more complex hash arguments for order which mimics where in ::ActiveRecord::Relation.

  Topic.includes(:posts).order(posts: { created_at: :desc })

  Myles Boone

Please check [7-1-stable]) for previous changes.