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Class: ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore

Relationships & Source Files
Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance
Class Chain:
self, Store
Instance Chain:
Inherits: ActiveSupport::Cache::Store
Defined in: activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb

Overview

Redis Cache Store

Deployment note: Take care to use a dedicated Redis cache rather than pointing this at a persistent Redis server (for example, one used as an Active Job queue). Redis won't cope well with mixed usage patterns and it won't expire cache entries by default.

Redis cache server setup guide: https://redis.io/topics/lru-cache

  • Supports vanilla Redis, hiredis, and Redis::Distributed.

  • Supports Memcached-like sharding across Redises with Redis::Distributed.

  • Fault tolerant. If the Redis server is unavailable, no exceptions are raised. Cache fetches are all misses and writes are dropped.

  • Local cache. Hot in-memory primary cache within block/middleware scope.

  • #read_multi and write_multi support for Redis mget/mset. Use Redis::Distributed 4.0.1+ for distributed mget support.

  • #delete_matched support for Redis KEYS globs.

  • read supports delete: true to atomically read and delete a cache entry using the Redis GETDEL command.

    cache.write("greeting", "hello")
    cache.read("greeting", delete: true)  # => "hello"
    cache.read("greeting")                 # => nil

Constant Summary

Store - Inherited

DEFAULT_POOL_OPTIONS, MAX_KEY_SIZE

Class Attribute Summary

Store - Inherited

Class Method Summary

Store - Inherited

.new

Creates a new cache.

.retrieve_pool_options

Instance Attribute Summary

Store - Inherited

#logger,
#namespace

Get the current namespace.

#namespace=

Set the current namespace.

#options, #raise_on_invalid_cache_expiration_time,
#silence?

Alias for Store#silence.

Instance Method Summary

Strategy::LocalCache - Included

#local_cache

The current local cache.

#middleware

Middleware class can be inserted as a ::Rack handler to be local cache for the duration of request.

#new_local_cache

Set a new local cache.

#unset_local_cache

Unset the current local cache.

#with_local_cache

Use a local cache for the duration of block.

#bypass_local_cache, #delete_entry, #local_cache_key, #read_multi_entries, #read_serialized_entry, #use_temporary_local_cache, #write_cache_value, #write_serialized_entry, #cleanup, #clear, #decrement, #delete_matched, #fetch_multi, #increment

Store - Inherited

#cleanup

Cleans up the cache by removing expired entries.

#clear

Clears the entire cache.

#decrement

Decrements an integer value in the cache.

#delete

Deletes an entry in the cache.

#delete_matched

Deletes all entries with keys matching the pattern.

#delete_multi

Deletes multiple entries in the cache.

#exist?

Returns true if the cache contains an entry for the given key.

#fetch

Fetches data from the cache, using the given key.

#fetch_multi

Fetches data from the cache, using the given keys.

#increment

Increments an integer value in the cache.

#mute

Silences the logger within a block.

#read

Reads data from the cache, using the given key.

#read_counter

Reads a counter that was set by #increment / #decrement.

#read_multi

Reads multiple values at once from the cache.

#silence,
#silence!

Silences the logger.

#write

Writes the value to the cache with the key.

#write_counter

Writes a counter that can then be modified by #increment / #decrement.

#write_multi

::ActiveSupport::Cache Storage API to write multiple values at once.

#_instrument, #default_serializer,
#delete_entry

Deletes an entry from the cache implementation.

#delete_multi_entries

Deletes multiples entries in the cache implementation.

#deserialize_entry, #expand_and_namespace_key,
#expanded_key

Expands key to be a consistent string value.

#expanded_version, #get_entry_value, #handle_expired_entry, #handle_invalid_expires_in, #instrument, #instrument_multi,
#key_matcher

Adds the namespace defined in the options to a pattern designed to match keys.

#merged_options

Merges the default options with ones specific to a method call.

#namespace_key

Prefix the key with a namespace string:

#normalize_key

Expands, namespaces and truncates the cache key.

#normalize_options

Normalize aliased options to their canonical form.

#normalize_version,
#read_entry

Reads an entry from the cache implementation.

#read_multi_entries

Reads multiple entries from the cache implementation.

#save_block_result_to_cache, #serialize_entry, #truncate_key, #validate_options,
#write_entry

Writes an entry to the cache implementation.

#write_multi_entries

Writes multiple entries to the cache implementation.

#new_entry

Constructor Details

.new(**options) ⇒ RedisCacheStore

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 70

def self.new(**options)
  if options[:redis]
    ActiveSupport.deprecator.warn(<<~MSG.squish)
      Passing a Redis or ConnectionPool instance via the `:redis` configuration to ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore
      is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 8.3.

      RedisCacheStore no longer depends on the `redis` gem, but use the simpler `redis-client`.

      Prefer passing a raw `:url` option instead, of if you need more advanced configuration, pass a configured `RedisClient`
      via the `:client` option.
    MSG
    return DeprecatedRedisCacheStore.new(**options)
  end

  super
end

#initialize(error_handler: DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER, **redis_options) ⇒ RedisCacheStore

Creates a new Redis cache store.

The :url param can be:

- A string used to create a RedisClient::Pooled instance.
- An array of strings used to create a {RedisClient::HashRing} instance.

Option  Class       Result
:url    String  ->  RedisClient.config(url: ).new_pool
:url    Array   ->  RedisClient::HashRing.new([RedisClient.config(url: ).new_pool, ...])

If you need some advanced configuration for the client, or want to use an alternative implementation like redis-cluster-client, you can pass an already configued client via the :client option:

config.cache_store = :redis_cache_store, client: RedisClient.config(...)
config.cache_store = :redis_cache_store, client: [RedisClient.config(...), RedisClient.config(...)]
config.cache_store = :redis_cache_store, client: -> { RedisClient.config(...) }

No namespace is set by default. Provide one if the Redis cache server is shared with other apps: namespace: 'myapp-cache'.

Compression is enabled by default with a 1kB threshold, so cached values larger than 1kB are automatically compressed. Disable by passing compress: false or change the threshold by passing compress_threshold: 4.kilobytes.

No expiry is set on cache entries by default. Redis is expected to be configured with an eviction policy that automatically deletes least-recently or -frequently used keys when it reaches max memory. See https://redis.io/topics/lru-cache for cache server setup.

Race condition TTL is not set by default. This can be used to avoid "thundering herd" cache writes when hot cache entries are expired. See Store#fetch for more.

Setting skip_nil: true will not cache nil results:

cache.fetch('foo') { nil }
cache.fetch('bar', skip_nil: true) { nil }
cache.exist?('foo') # => true
cache.exist?('bar') # => false
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 131

def initialize(error_handler: DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER, **redis_options)
  universal_options = redis_options.extract!(*UNIVERSAL_OPTIONS)
  pool_options = self.class.send(:retrieve_pool_options, redis_options)

  if redis_options.key?(:client)
    client = redis_options.delete(:client)
    clients = Array.wrap(client.respond_to?(:call) ? client.call : client)
  else
    urls = Array.wrap(redis_options.delete(:url))
    urls << nil if urls.empty?
    clients = urls.map do |url|
      RedisClient.config(url: url, protocol: 2, **redis_options)
    end
  end

  clients.map! do |c|
    if c.respond_to?(:new_pool)
      c.new_pool(**(pool_options || {}))
    else
      c
    end
  end

  @redis = if clients.size > 1
    RedisClient.ring(clients)
  else
    clients.first
  end

  @error_handler = error_handler

  super(universal_options)
end

Class Attribute Details

.supports_cache_versioning?Boolean (readonly)

Advertise cache versioning support.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 66

def self.supports_cache_versioning?
  true
end

Instance Attribute Details

#redis (readonly)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 89

attr_reader :redis

#supports_expire_nx?Boolean (readonly, private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 473

def supports_expire_nx?
  return @supports_expire_nx if defined?(@supports_expire_nx)

  redis_versions = redis.nodes.map { |n| n.call("info", "server").scan(/edis_version:([\d.]+)/)[0][0] || "0" }
  @supports_expire_nx = redis_versions.all? { |v| Gem::Version.new(v) >= Gem::Version.new("7.0.0") }
end

Instance Method Details

#change_counter(key, amount, options) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 448

def change_counter(key, amount, options)
  redis.node_for(key).with do |c|
    expires_in = options[:expires_in]

    if expires_in
      if supports_expire_nx?
        count, _ = c.pipelined do |pipeline|
          pipeline.call("incrby", key, amount)
          pipeline.call("expire", key, expires_in.to_i, "NX")
        end
      else
        count, ttl = c.pipelined do |pipeline|
          pipeline.call("incrby", key, amount)
          pipeline.call("ttl", key)
        end
        c.call("expire", key, expires_in.to_i) if ttl < 0
      end
    else
      count = c.call("incrby", key, amount)
    end

    count
  end
end

#cleanup(options = nil)

::ActiveSupport::Cache Store API implementation.

Removes expired entries. Handled natively by Redis least-recently-/ least-frequently-used expiry, so manual cleanup is not supported.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 290

def cleanup(options = nil)
  super
end

#clear(options = nil)

Clear the entire cache on all Redis servers. Safe to use on shared servers if the cache is namespaced.

Failsafe: Raises errors.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 298

def clear(options = nil)
  failsafe :clear do
    if namespace = merged_options(options)[:namespace]
      delete_matched "*", namespace: namespace
    else
      redis.then { |c| c.flushdb }
    end
  end
end

#decrement(name, amount = 1, options = nil)

Decrement a cached integer value using the Redis decrby atomic operator. Returns the updated value.

If the key is unset or has expired, it will be set to -amount:

cache.decrement("foo") # => -1

To set a specific value, call #write passing raw: true:

cache.write("baz", 5, raw: true)
cache.decrement("baz") # => 4

Decrementing a non-numeric value, or a value written without raw: true, will fail and return nil.

To read the value later, call #read_counter:

cache.decrement("baz") # => 3
cache.read_counter("baz") # 3

Failsafe: Raises errors.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 275

def decrement(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
  options = merged_options(options)
  key = normalize_key(name, options)

  instrument :decrement, key, amount: amount do
    failsafe :decrement do
      change_counter(key, -amount, options)
    end
  end
end

#delete_entry(key, **options) (private)

Delete an entry from the cache.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 391

def delete_entry(key, **options)
  failsafe :delete_entry, returning: false do
    redis.node_for(key).call("unlink", key) == 1
  end
end

#delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)

::ActiveSupport::Cache Store API implementation.

Supports Redis KEYS glob patterns:

h?llo matches hello, hallo and hxllo
h*llo matches hllo and heeeello
h[ae]llo matches hello and hallo, but not hillo
h[^e]llo matches hallo, hbllo, ... but not hello
h[a-b]llo matches hallo and hbllo

Use \ to escape special characters if you want to match them verbatim.

See https://redis.io/commands/KEYS for more.

Failsafe: Raises errors.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 204

def delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)
  unless String === matcher
    raise ArgumentError, "Only Redis glob strings are supported: #{matcher.inspect}"
  end
  pattern = namespace_key(matcher, options)

  instrument :delete_matched, pattern do
    redis.nodes.each do |node|
      node.with do |conn|
        conn.scan(match: pattern, count: SCAN_BATCH_SIZE).each_slice(SCAN_BATCH_SIZE).each do |keys|
          conn.call("unlink", *keys)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

#delete_multi_entries(entries, **_options) (private)

Deletes multiple entries in the cache. Returns the number of entries deleted.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 398

def delete_multi_entries(entries, **_options)
  return 0 if entries.empty?

  count = 0
  redis.nodes_for(*entries).each do |node, keys|
    failsafe :delete_multi_entries do
      count += node.call("unlink", *keys)
    end
  end

  count
end

#deserialize_entry(payload, raw: false) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 426

def deserialize_entry(payload, raw: false, **)
  if raw && !payload.nil?
    Entry.new(payload)
  else
    super(payload)
  end
end

#failsafe(method, returning: nil) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 480

def failsafe(method, returning: nil)
  yield
rescue ::RedisClient::ConnectionError => error
  @error_handler&.call(method: method, exception: error, returning: returning)
  returning
end

#increment(name, amount = 1, options = nil)

Increment a cached integer value using the Redis incrby atomic operator. Returns the updated value.

If the key is unset or has expired, it will be set to amount:

cache.increment("foo") # => 1
cache.increment("bar", 100) # => 100

To set a specific value, call #write passing raw: true:

cache.write("baz", 5, raw: true)
cache.increment("baz") # => 6

Incrementing a non-numeric value, or a value written without raw: true, will fail and return nil.

To read the value later, call #read_counter:

cache.increment("baz") # => 7
cache.read_counter("baz") # 7

Failsafe: Raises errors.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 243

def increment(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
  options = merged_options(options)
  key = normalize_key(name, options)

  instrument :increment, key, amount: amount do
    failsafe :increment do
      change_counter(key, amount, options)
    end
  end
end

#instance_variables_to_inspect (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 314

def instance_variables_to_inspect
  [:@options, :@redis].freeze
end

#read_entry(key, **options) (private)

Store provider interface: Read an entry from the cache.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 320

def read_entry(key, **options)
  deserialize_entry(read_serialized_entry(key, **options), **options)
end

#read_multi(*names)

::ActiveSupport::Cache Store API implementation.

Read multiple values at once. Returns a hash of requested keys -> fetched values.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 171

def read_multi(*names)
  return {} if names.empty?

  options = names.extract_options!
  options = merged_options(options)
  keys    = names.map { |name| normalize_key(name, options) }

  instrument_multi(:read_multi, keys, options) do |payload|
    read_multi_entries(names, **options).tap do |results|
      payload[:hits] = results.keys.map { |name| normalize_key(name, options) }
    end
  end
end

#read_multi_entries(names, **options) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 331

def read_multi_entries(names, **options)
  options = merged_options(options)
  return {} if names == []
  raw = options&.fetch(:raw, false)

  keys = names.map { |name| normalize_key(name, options) }
  keys_index = keys.each_with_index.to_h

  results = {}

  redis.nodes_for(keys).each do |node, key_subset|
    failsafe(:read_multi_entries) do
      node.call("mget", *key_subset).each_with_index do |value, index|
        if value
          results[names[keys_index[key_subset[index]]]] = value
        end
      end
    end
  end

  results.transform_values! { |value| deserialize_entry(value, raw: raw) }
  results.reject! do |name, entry|
    entry.nil? || entry.expired? || entry.mismatched?(normalize_version(name, options))
  end
  results.compact!
  results.transform_values! { |entry| entry&.value }
  results
end

#read_serialized_entry(key, raw: false, **options) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 324

def read_serialized_entry(key, raw: false, **options)
  failsafe :read_entry do
    command = options[:delete] ? "getdel" : "get"
    redis.node_for(key).call(command, key)
  end
end

#serialize_entries(entries, **options) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 442

def serialize_entries(entries, **options)
  entries.transform_values do |entry|
    serialize_entry(entry, **options)
  end
end

#serialize_entry(entry, raw: false, **options) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 434

def serialize_entry(entry, raw: false, **options)
  if raw
    entry.value.to_s
  else
    super(entry, raw: raw, **options)
  end
end

#stats

Get info from redis servers.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 309

def stats
  redis.then { |c| c.info }
end

#write_entry(key, entry, raw: false, **options) (private)

Write an entry to the cache.

Requires Redis 2.6.12+ for extended SET options.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 363

def write_entry(key, entry, raw: false, **options)
  write_serialized_entry(key, serialize_entry(entry, raw: raw, **options), raw: raw, **options)
end

#write_multi_entries(entries, **options) (private)

Nonstandard store provider API to write multiple values at once.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 412

def write_multi_entries(entries, **options)
  return if entries.empty?

  redis.nodes_for(entries.keys).each do |node, keys|
    failsafe :write_multi_entries do
      node.pipelined do |pipeline|
        entries.slice(*keys).each do |key, entry|
          write_entry key, entry, **options, pipeline: pipeline
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

#write_serialized_entry(key, payload, raw: false, unless_exist: false, expires_in: nil, race_condition_ttl: nil, pipeline: nil, **options) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/redis_cache_store.rb', line 367

def write_serialized_entry(key, payload, raw: false, unless_exist: false, expires_in: nil, race_condition_ttl: nil, pipeline: nil, **options)
  # If race condition TTL is in use, ensure that cache entries
  # stick around a bit longer after they would have expired
  # so we can purposefully serve stale entries.
  if race_condition_ttl && expires_in && expires_in > 0 && !raw
    expires_in += 5.minutes
  end

  modifiers = []
  if unless_exist || expires_in
    modifiers << :nx if unless_exist
    modifiers << :px << (1000 * expires_in.to_f).ceil if expires_in
  end

  if pipeline
    pipeline.call("set", key, payload, *modifiers)
  else
    failsafe :write_entry, returning: nil do
      redis.node_for(key).call("set", key, payload, *modifiers) == "OK"
    end
  end
end