Class: ActionController::Parameters
Relationships & Source Files | |
Inherits: | Object |
Defined in: | actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb |
Overview
Allows you to choose which attributes should be permitted for mass updating and thus prevent accidentally exposing that which shouldn’t be exposed. Provides two methods for this purpose: #require and #permit. The former is used to mark parameters as required. The latter is used to set the parameter as permitted and limit which attributes should be allowed for mass updating.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
person: {
name: "Francesco",
age: 22,
role: "admin"
}
})
permitted = params.require(:person).permit(:name, :age)
permitted # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco", "age"=>22} permitted: true>
permitted.permitted? # => true
Person.first.update!(permitted)
# => #<Person id: 1, name: "Francesco", age: 22, role: "user">
It provides two options that controls the top-level behavior of new instances:
-
.permit_all_parameters - If it’s
true
, all the parameters will be permitted by default. The default isfalse
. -
.action_on_unpermitted_parameters - Controls behavior when parameters that are not explicitly permitted are found. The default value is
:log
in test and development environments,false
otherwise. The values can be:-
false
to take no action. -
:log
to emit an ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument event on theunpermitted_parameters.action_controller
topic and log at the DEBUG level. -
:raise
to raise an ActionController::UnpermittedParameters exception.
-
Examples:
params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => false
ActionController::Parameters.permit_all_parameters = true
params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => true
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: "123", b: "456")
params.permit(:c)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: true>
ActionController::Parameters.action_on_unpermitted_parameters = :raise
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: "123", b: "456")
params.permit(:c)
# => ActionController::UnpermittedParameters: found unpermitted keys: a, b
Please note that these options *are not thread-safe*. In a multi-threaded environment they should only be set once at boot-time and never mutated at runtime.
You can fetch values of Parameters
using either :key
or "key"
.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(key: "value")
params[:key] # => "value"
params["key"] # => "value"
Constant Summary
-
PERMITTED_SCALAR_TYPES =
This is a list of permitted scalar types that includes the ones supported in XML and JSON requests.
This list is in particular used to filter ordinary requests, String goes as first element to quickly short-circuit the common case.
If you modify this collection please update the one in the #permit doc as well.
[ String, Symbol, NilClass, Numeric, TrueClass, FalseClass, Date, Time, # DateTimes are Dates, we document the type but avoid the redundant check. StringIO, IO, ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile, Rack::Test::UploadedFile, ]
Class Attribute Summary
- .action_on_unpermitted_parameters rw
- .allow_deprecated_parameters_hash_equality rw
-
.always_permitted_parameters
(also: #always_permitted_parameters)
rw
By default, never raise an
UnpermittedParameters
exception if these params are present. - .permit_all_parameters rw
Class Method Summary
-
.new(parameters = {}, logging_context = {}) ⇒ Parameters
constructor
Returns a new
Parameters
instance.
Instance Attribute Summary
- #always_permitted_parameters rw
-
#each_key(&block)
readonly
Calls block once for each key in the parameters, passing the key.
-
#has_key?
readonly
Alias for #include?.
-
#key?
readonly
Alias for #include?.
-
#keys
readonly
Returns a new array of the keys of the parameters.
-
#member?
readonly
Alias for #include?.
-
#permitted? ⇒ Boolean
readonly
Returns
true
if the parameter is permitted,false
otherwise.
Instance Method Summary
-
#==(other)
Returns true if another
Parameters
object contains the same content and permitted flag. -
#[](key)
Returns a parameter for the given
key
. -
#[]=(key, value)
Assigns a value to a given
key
. -
#as_json(options = nil)
Returns a hash that can be used as the JSON representation for the parameters.
-
#compact
Returns a new
Parameters
instance withnil
values removed. -
#compact!
Removes all
nil
values in place and returnsself
, ornil
if no changes were made. -
#compact_blank
Returns a new
Parameters
instance without the blank values. -
#compact_blank!
Removes all blank values in place and returns self.
-
#converted_arrays
Attribute that keeps track of converted arrays, if any, to avoid double looping in the common use case permit + mass-assignment.
-
#deep_dup
Returns a duplicate
Parameters
instance with the same permitted parameters. -
#deep_merge(other_hash, &block)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance withself
andother_hash
merged recursively. -
#deep_merge!(other_hash, &block)
Same as #deep_merge, but modifies
self
. -
#deep_transform_keys(&block)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance with the results of runningblock
once for every key. -
#deep_transform_keys!(&block)
Returns the same
Parameters
instance with changed keys. -
#delete(key, &block)
Deletes a key-value pair from
Parameters
and returns the value. -
#delete_if(&block)
Alias for #reject!.
- #dig(*keys)
-
#each(&block)
Alias for #each_pair.
-
#each_pair(&block)
(also: #each)
Convert all hashes in values into parameters, then yield each pair in the same way as
Hash#each_pair
. -
#each_value(&block)
Convert all hashes in values into parameters, then yield each value in the same way as
Hash#each_value
. -
#empty? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true if the parameters have no key/value pairs.
- #eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
-
#except(*keys)
(also: #without)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance that filters out the given #keys. -
#exclude?(key) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true if the given key is not present in the parameters.
-
#extract!(*keys)
Removes and returns the key/value pairs matching the given keys.
-
#extract_value(key, delimiter: "_")
Returns parameter value for the given
key
separated bydelimiter
. -
#fetch(key, *args)
Returns a parameter for the given
key
. -
#has_value?(value) ⇒ Boolean
(also: #value?)
Returns true if the given value is present for some key in the parameters.
- #hash
-
#include?(key) ⇒ Boolean
(also: #has_key?, #key?, #member?)
Returns true if the given key is present in the parameters.
- #inspect
-
#keep_if(&block)
Alias for #select!.
-
#merge(other_hash)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance with all keys fromother_hash
merged into current hash. -
#merge!(other_hash)
Returns the current
Parameters
instance withother_hash
merged into current hash. -
#permit(*filters)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance that includes only the givenfilters
and sets thepermitted
attribute for the object totrue
. -
#permit!
Sets the
permitted
attribute totrue
. -
#reject(&block)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance with items that the block evaluates to true removed. -
#reject!(&block)
(also: #delete_if)
Removes items that the block evaluates to true and returns self.
-
#require(key)
(also: #required)
This method accepts both a single key and an array of keys.
-
#required(key)
Alias for #require.
-
#reverse_merge(other_hash)
(also: #with_defaults)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance with all keys from current hash merged intoother_hash
. -
#reverse_merge!(other_hash)
(also: #with_defaults!)
Returns the current
Parameters
instance with current hash merged intoother_hash
. -
#select(&block)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance with only items that the block evaluates to true. -
#select!(&block)
(also: #keep_if)
Equivalent to
Hash#keep_if
, but returnsnil
if no changes were made. -
#slice(*keys)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance that includes only the given #keys. -
#slice!(*keys)
Returns the current
Parameters
instance which contains only the given #keys. -
#to_h(&block)
Returns a safe
::ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess
representation of the parameters with all unpermitted keys removed. -
#to_hash
Returns a safe
::Hash
representation of the parameters with all unpermitted keys removed. -
#to_param(*args)
Alias for #to_query.
-
#to_query(*args)
(also: #to_param)
Returns a string representation of the receiver suitable for use as a URL query string:
-
#to_s ⇒ ?
Returns the content of the parameters as a string.
-
#to_unsafe_h
(also: #to_unsafe_hash)
Returns an unsafe, unfiltered
::ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess
representation of the parameters. -
#to_unsafe_hash
Alias for #to_unsafe_h.
-
#transform_keys(&block)
Returns a new
Parameters
instance with the results of runningblock
once for every key. -
#transform_keys!(&block)
Performs keys transformation and returns the altered
Parameters
instance. -
#transform_values
Returns a new
Parameters
instance with the results of runningblock
once for every value. -
#transform_values!
Performs values transformation and returns the altered
Parameters
instance. -
#value?(value)
Alias for #has_value?.
-
#values
Returns a new array of the values of the parameters.
-
#values_at(*keys)
Returns values that were assigned to the given #keys.
-
#with_defaults(other_hash)
Alias for #reverse_merge.
-
#with_defaults!(other_hash)
Alias for #reverse_merge!.
-
#without(*keys)
Alias for #except.
Constructor Details
.new(parameters = {}, logging_context = {}) ⇒ Parameters
Returns a new Parameters
instance. Also, sets the permitted
attribute to the default value of .permit_all_parameters.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
end
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted? # => false
Person.new(params) # => ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError
ActionController::Parameters.permit_all_parameters = true
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted? # => true
Person.new(params) # => #<Person id: nil, name: "Francesco">
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 269
def initialize(parameters = {}, logging_context = {}) parameters.each_key do |key| unless key.is_a?(String) || key.is_a?(Symbol) raise InvalidParameterKey, "all keys must be Strings or Symbols, got: #{key.class}" end end @parameters = parameters.with_indifferent_access @logging_context = logging_context @permitted = self.class.permit_all_parameters end
Class Attribute Details
.action_on_unpermitted_parameters (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 145
cattr_accessor :action_on_unpermitted_parameters, instance_accessor: false
.allow_deprecated_parameters_hash_equality (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 245
cattr_accessor :allow_deprecated_parameters_hash_equality, default: true, instance_accessor: false
.always_permitted_parameters (rw) Also known as: #always_permitted_parameters
By default, never raise an UnpermittedParameters
exception if these params are present. The default includes both ‘controller’ and ‘action’ because they are added by ::Rails
and should be of no concern. One way to change these is to specify always_permitted_parameters
in your config. For instance:
config.action_controller.always_permitted_parameters = %w( controller action format )
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 243
cattr_accessor :always_permitted_parameters, default: %w( controller action )
.permit_all_parameters (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 143
cattr_accessor :permit_all_parameters, instance_accessor: false, default: false
Instance Attribute Details
#always_permitted_parameters (rw)
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 243
cattr_accessor :always_permitted_parameters, default: %w( controller action )
#each_key(&block) (readonly)
Calls block once for each key in the parameters, passing the key. If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
#has_key? (readonly)
Alias for #include?.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 232
alias_method :has_key?, :include?
#key? (readonly)
Alias for #include?.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 233
alias_method :key?, :include?
#keys (readonly)
Returns a new array of the keys of the parameters.
#member? (readonly)
Alias for #include?.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 234
alias_method :member?, :include?
#permitted? ⇒ Boolean
(rw)
Returns true
if the parameter is permitted, false
otherwise.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new
params.permitted? # => false
params.permit!
params.permitted? # => true
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 440
def permitted? @permitted end
Instance Method Details
#==(other)
Returns true if another Parameters
object contains the same content and permitted flag.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 283
def ==(other) if other.respond_to?(:permitted?) permitted? == other.permitted? && parameters == other.parameters else if self.class.allow_deprecated_parameters_hash_equality && Hash === other ActionController.deprecator.warn <<-WARNING.squish Comparing equality between `ActionController::Parameters` and a `Hash` is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.2. Please only do comparisons between instances of `ActionController::Parameters`. If you need to compare to a hash, first convert it using `ActionController::Parameters#new`. To disable the deprecated behavior set `Rails.application.config.action_controller.allow_deprecated_parameters_hash_equality = false`. WARNING @parameters == other else super end end end
#[](key)
Returns a parameter for the given key
. If not found, returns nil
.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" })
params[:person] # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>
params[:none] # => nil
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 665
def [](key) convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, @parameters[key]) end
#[]=(key, value)
Assigns a value to a given key
. The given key may still get filtered out when #permit is called.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 671
def []=(key, value) @parameters[key] = value end
#as_json(options = nil)
Returns a hash that can be used as the JSON representation for the parameters.
#compact
Returns a new Parameters
instance with nil
values removed.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 842
def compact new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.compact) end
#compact!
Removes all nil
values in place and returns self
, or nil
if no changes were made.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 847
def compact! self if @parameters.compact! end
#compact_blank
Returns a new Parameters
instance without the blank values. Uses Object#blank? for determining if a value is blank.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 853
def compact_blank reject { |_k, v| v.blank? } end
#compact_blank!
Removes all blank values in place and returns self. Uses Object#blank? for determining if a value is blank.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 859
def compact_blank! reject! { |_k, v| v.blank? } end
#converted_arrays
Attribute that keeps track of converted arrays, if any, to avoid double looping in the common use case permit + mass-assignment. Defined in a method to instantiate it only if needed.
Testing membership still loops, but it’s going to be faster than our own loop that converts values. Also, we are not going to build a new array object per fetch.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 430
def converted_arrays @converted_arrays ||= Set.new end
#deep_dup
Returns a duplicate Parameters
instance with the same permitted parameters.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 958
def deep_dup self.class.new(@parameters.deep_dup, @logging_context).tap do |duplicate| duplicate.permitted = @permitted end end
#deep_merge(other_hash, &block)
Returns a new Parameters
instance with self
and other_hash
merged recursively.
Like with Hash#merge
in the standard library, a block can be provided to merge values.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 148
rdoc_method :method: deep_merge
#deep_merge!(other_hash, &block)
Same as #deep_merge, but modifies self
.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 162
rdoc_method :method: deep_merge!
#deep_transform_keys(&block)
Returns a new Parameters
instance with the results of running block
once for every key. This includes the keys from the root hash and from all nested hashes and arrays. The values are unchanged.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 793
def deep_transform_keys(&block) new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status( _deep_transform_keys_in_object(@parameters, &block).to_unsafe_h ) end
#deep_transform_keys!(&block)
Returns the same Parameters
instance with changed keys. This includes the keys from the root hash and from all nested hashes and arrays. The values are unchanged.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 802
def deep_transform_keys!(&block) @parameters = _deep_transform_keys_in_object(@parameters, &block).to_unsafe_h self end
#delete(key, &block)
Deletes a key-value pair from Parameters
and returns the value. If key
is not found, returns nil
(or, with optional code block, yields key
and returns the result). This method is similar to #extract!, which returns the corresponding Parameters
object.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 811
def delete(key, &block) convert_value_to_parameters(@parameters.delete(key, &block)) end
#delete_if(&block)
Alias for #reject!.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 839
alias_method :delete_if, :reject!
#dig(*keys)
Extracts the nested parameter from the given #keys by calling dig
at each step. Returns nil
if any intermediate step is nil
.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(foo: { bar: { baz: 1 } })
params.dig(:foo, :, :baz) # => 1
params.dig(:foo, :zot, :xyz) # => nil
params2 = ActionController::Parameters.new(foo: [10, 11, 12])
params2.dig(:foo, 1) # => 11
#each(&block)
Alias for #each_pair.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 405
alias_method :each, :each_pair
#each_pair(&block) Also known as: #each
Convert all hashes in values into parameters, then yield each pair in the same way as Hash#each_pair
.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 397
def each_pair(&block) return to_enum(__callee__) unless block_given? @parameters.each_pair do |key, value| yield [key, convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, value)] end self end
#each_value(&block)
Convert all hashes in values into parameters, then yield each value in the same way as Hash#each_value
.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 409
def each_value(&block) return to_enum(:each_value) unless block_given? @parameters.each_pair do |key, value| yield convert_hashes_to_parameters(key, value) end self end
#empty? ⇒ Boolean
Returns true if the parameters have no key/value pairs.
#eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 304
def eql?(other) self.class == other.class && permitted? == other.permitted? && parameters.eql?(other.parameters) end
#except(*keys) Also known as: #without
Returns a new Parameters
instance that filters out the given #keys.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.except(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"c"=>3} permitted: false>
params.except(:d) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2, "c"=>3} permitted: false>
#exclude?(key) ⇒ Boolean
Returns true if the given key is not present in the parameters.
#extract!(*keys)
Removes and returns the key/value pairs matching the given keys.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.extract!(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2} permitted: false>
params # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"c"=>3} permitted: false>
#extract_value(key, delimiter: "_")
Returns parameter value for the given key
separated by delimiter
.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(id: "1_123", tags: "ruby,rails")
params.extract_value(:id) # => ["1", "123"]
params.extract_value(:, delimiter: ",") # => ["ruby", "rails"]
params.extract_value(:non_existent_key) # => nil
Note that if the given key
‘s value contains blank elements, then the returned array will include empty strings.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(tags: "ruby,rails,,web")
params.extract_value(:, delimiter: ",") # => ["ruby", "rails", "", "web"]
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 976
def extract_value(key, delimiter: "_") @parameters[key]&.split(delimiter, -1) end
#fetch(key, *args)
Returns a parameter for the given key
. If the key
can’t be found, there are several options: With no other arguments, it will raise an ParameterMissing
error; if a second argument is given, then that is returned (converted to an instance of Parameters
if possible); if a block is given, then that will be run and its result returned.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" })
params.fetch(:person) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>
params.fetch(:none) # => ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: none
params.fetch(:none, {}) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: false>
params.fetch(:none, "Francesco") # => "Francesco"
params.fetch(:none) { "Francesco" } # => "Francesco"
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 688
def fetch(key, *args) convert_value_to_parameters( @parameters.fetch(key) { if block_given? yield else args.fetch(0) { raise ActionController::ParameterMissing.new(key, @parameters.keys) } end } ) end
#has_value?(value) ⇒ Boolean
Also known as: #value?
Returns true if the given value is present for some key in the parameters.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 864
def has_value?(value) each_value.include?(convert_value_to_parameters(value)) end
#hash
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 310
def hash [self.class, @parameters, @permitted].hash end
#include?(key) ⇒ Boolean
Also known as: #has_key?, #key?, #member?
Returns true if the given key is present in the parameters.
#inspect
[ GitHub ]# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 922
def inspect "#<#{self.class} #{@parameters} permitted: #{@permitted}>" end
#keep_if(&block)
Alias for #select!.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 826
alias_method :keep_if, :select!
#merge(other_hash)
Returns a new Parameters
instance with all keys from other_hash
merged into current hash.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 878
def merge(other_hash) new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status( @parameters.merge(other_hash.to_h) ) end
#merge!(other_hash)
Returns the current Parameters
instance with other_hash
merged into current hash.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 889
def merge!(other_hash, &block) @parameters.merge!(other_hash.to_h, &block) self end
#permit(*filters)
Returns a new Parameters
instance that includes only the given filters
and sets the permitted
attribute for the object to true
. This is useful for limiting which attributes should be allowed for mass updating.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: { name: "Francesco", age: 22, role: "admin" })
permitted = params.require(:user).permit(:name, :age)
permitted.permitted? # => true
permitted.has_key?(:name) # => true
permitted.has_key?(:age) # => true
permitted.has_key?(:role) # => false
Only permitted scalars pass the filter. For example, given
params.permit(:name)
:name
passes if it is a key of params
whose associated value is of type ::String
, ::Symbol
, ::NilClass
, ::Numeric
, ::TrueClass
, ::FalseClass
, ::Date
, ::Time
, ::DateTime
, StringIO
, ::IO
, ::ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile
or Rack::Test::UploadedFile
. Otherwise, the key :name
is filtered out.
You may declare that the parameter should be an array of permitted scalars by mapping it to an empty array:
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(tags: ["rails", "parameters"])
params.permit(tags: [])
Sometimes it is not possible or convenient to declare the valid keys of a hash parameter or its internal structure. Just map to an empty hash:
params.permit(preferences: {})
Be careful because this opens the door to arbitrary input. In this case, permit
ensures values in the returned structure are permitted scalars and filters out anything else.
You can also use permit
on nested parameters, like:
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
person: {
name: "Francesco",
age: 22,
pets: [{
name: "Purplish",
category: "dogs"
}]
}
})
permitted = params.permit(person: [ :name, { pets: :name } ])
permitted.permitted? # => true
permitted[:person][:name] # => "Francesco"
permitted[:person][:age] # => nil
permitted[:person][:pets][0][:name] # => "Purplish"
permitted[:person][:pets][0][:category] # => nil
Note that if you use permit
in a key that points to a hash, it won’t allow all the hash. You also need to specify which attributes inside the hash should be permitted.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
person: {
contact: {
email: "none@test.com",
phone: "555-1234"
}
}
})
params.require(:person).permit(:contact)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: true>
params.require(:person).permit(contact: :phone)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"contact"=>#<ActionController::Parameters {"phone"=>"555-1234"} permitted: true>} permitted: true>
params.require(:person).permit(contact: [ :email, :phone ])
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"contact"=>#<ActionController::Parameters {"email"=>"none@test.com", "phone"=>"555-1234"} permitted: true>} permitted: true>
If your parameters specify multiple parameters indexed by a number, you can permit each set of parameters under the numeric key to be the same using the same syntax as permitting a single item.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
person: {
'0': {
email: "none@test.com",
phone: "555-1234"
},
'1': {
email: "nothing@test.com",
phone: "555-6789"
},
}
})
params.permit(person: [:email]).to_h
# => {"person"=>{"0"=>{"email"=>"none@test.com"}, "1"=>{"email"=>"nothing@test.com"}}}
If you want to specify what keys you want from each numeric key, you can instead specify each one individually
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
person: {
'0': {
email: "none@test.com",
phone: "555-1234"
},
'1': {
email: "nothing@test.com",
phone: "555-6789"
},
}
})
params.permit(person: { '0': [:email], '1': [:phone]}).to_h
# => {"person"=>{"0"=>{"email"=>"none@test.com"}, "1"=>{"phone"=>"555-6789"}}}
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 642
def permit(*filters) params = self.class.new filters.flatten.each do |filter| case filter when Symbol, String permitted_scalar_filter(params, filter) when Hash hash_filter(params, filter) end end unpermitted_parameters!(params) if self.class.action_on_unpermitted_parameters params.permit! end
#permit!
Sets the permitted
attribute to true
. This can be used to pass mass assignment. Returns self
.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
end
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(name: "Francesco")
params.permitted? # => false
Person.new(params) # => ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesError
params.permit!
params.permitted? # => true
Person.new(params) # => #<Person id: nil, name: "Francesco">
#reject(&block)
Returns a new Parameters
instance with items that the block evaluates to true removed.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 830
def reject(&block) new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.reject(&block)) end
#reject!(&block) Also known as: #delete_if
Removes items that the block evaluates to true and returns self.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 835
def reject!(&block) @parameters.reject!(&block) self end
#require(key) Also known as: #required
This method accepts both a single key and an array of keys.
When passed a single key, if it exists and its associated value is either present or the singleton false
, returns said value:
ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Francesco" }).require(:person)
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"name"=>"Francesco"} permitted: false>
Otherwise raises ParameterMissing
:
ActionController::Parameters.new.require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person
ActionController::Parameters.new(person: nil).require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person
ActionController::Parameters.new(person: "\t").require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person
ActionController::Parameters.new(person: {}).require(:person)
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: person
When given an array of keys, the method tries to require each one of them in order. If it succeeds, an array with the respective return values is returned:
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: { ... }, profile: { ... })
user_params, profile_params = params.require([:user, :profile])
Otherwise, the method re-raises the first exception found:
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(user: {}, profile: {})
user_params, profile_params = params.require([:user, :profile])
# ActionController::ParameterMissing: param is missing or the value is empty: user
Technically this method can be used to fetch terminal values:
# CAREFUL
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(person: { name: "Finn" })
name = params.require(:person).require(:name) # CAREFUL
but take into account that at some point those ones have to be permitted:
def person_params
params.require(:person).permit(:name).tap do |person_params|
person_params.require(:name) # SAFER
end
end
for example.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 517
def require(key) return key.map { |k| require(k) } if key.is_a?(Array) value = self[key] if value.present? || value == false value else raise ParameterMissing.new(key, @parameters.keys) end end
#required(key)
Alias for #require.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 527
alias :required :require
#reverse_merge(other_hash) Also known as: #with_defaults
Returns a new Parameters
instance with all keys from current hash merged into other_hash
.
#reverse_merge!(other_hash) Also known as: #with_defaults!
Returns the current Parameters
instance with current hash merged into other_hash
.
#select(&block)
Returns a new Parameters
instance with only items that the block evaluates to true.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 817
def select(&block) new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status(@parameters.select(&block)) end
#select!(&block) Also known as: #keep_if
Equivalent to Hash#keep_if
, but returns nil
if no changes were made.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 822
def select!(&block) @parameters.select!(&block) self end
#slice(*keys)
Returns a new Parameters
instance that includes only the given #keys. If the given #keys don’t exist, returns an empty hash.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.slice(:a, :b) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>1, "b"=>2} permitted: false>
params.slice(:d) # => #<ActionController::Parameters {} permitted: false>
#slice!(*keys)
Returns the current Parameters
instance which contains only the given #keys.
#to_h(&block)
Returns a safe ::ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess
representation of the parameters with all unpermitted keys removed.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_h
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash
safe_params = params.permit(:name)
safe_params.to_h # => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi"}
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 326
def to_h(&block) if permitted? convert_parameters_to_hashes(@parameters, :to_h, &block) else raise UnfilteredParameters end end
#to_hash
Returns a safe ::Hash
representation of the parameters with all unpermitted keys removed.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_hash
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash
safe_params = params.permit(:name)
safe_params.to_hash # => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi"}
#to_param(*args)
Alias for #to_query.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 379
alias_method :to_param, :to_query
#to_query(*args) Also known as: #to_param
Returns a string representation of the receiver suitable for use as a URL query string:
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
name: "David",
nationality: "Danish"
})
params.to_query
# => ActionController::UnfilteredParameters: unable to convert unpermitted parameters to hash
safe_params = params.permit(:name, :nationality)
safe_params.to_query
# => "name=David&nationality=Danish"
An optional namespace can be passed to enclose key names:
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
name: "David",
nationality: "Danish"
})
safe_params = params.permit(:name, :nationality)
safe_params.to_query("user")
# => "user%5Bname%5D=David&user%5Bnationality%5D=Danish"
The string pairs "key=value"
that conform the query string are sorted lexicographically in ascending order.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 376
def to_query(*args) to_h.to_query(*args) end
#to_s ⇒ ?
Returns the content of the parameters as a string.
#to_unsafe_h Also known as: #to_unsafe_hash
Returns an unsafe, unfiltered ::ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess
representation of the parameters.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new({
name: "Senjougahara Hitagi",
oddity: "Heavy stone crab"
})
params.to_unsafe_h
# => {"name"=>"Senjougahara Hitagi", "oddity" => "Heavy stone crab"}
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 390
def to_unsafe_h convert_parameters_to_hashes(@parameters, :to_unsafe_h) end
#to_unsafe_hash
Alias for #to_unsafe_h.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 393
alias_method :to_unsafe_hash, :to_unsafe_h
#transform_keys(&block)
Returns a new Parameters
instance with the results of running block
once for every key. The values are unchanged.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 775
def transform_keys(&block) return to_enum(:transform_keys) unless block_given? new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status( @parameters.transform_keys(&block) ) end
#transform_keys!(&block)
Performs keys transformation and returns the altered Parameters
instance.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 784
def transform_keys!(&block) return to_enum(:transform_keys!) unless block_given? @parameters.transform_keys!(&block) self end
#transform_values
Returns a new Parameters
instance with the results of running block
once for every value. The keys are unchanged.
params = ActionController::Parameters.new(a: 1, b: 2, c: 3)
params.transform_values { |x| x * 2 }
# => #<ActionController::Parameters {"a"=>2, "b"=>4, "c"=>6} permitted: false>
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 758
def transform_values return to_enum(:transform_values) unless block_given? new_instance_with_inherited_permitted_status( @parameters.transform_values { |v| yield convert_value_to_parameters(v) } ) end
#transform_values!
Performs values transformation and returns the altered Parameters
instance.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 767
def transform_values! return to_enum(:transform_values!) unless block_given? @parameters.transform_values! { |v| yield convert_value_to_parameters(v) } self end
#value?(value)
Alias for #has_value?.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 868
alias value? has_value?
#values
Returns a new array of the values of the parameters.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 419
def values to_enum(:each_value).to_a end
#values_at(*keys)
#with_defaults(other_hash)
Alias for #reverse_merge.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 905
alias_method :with_defaults, :reverse_merge
#with_defaults!(other_hash)
Alias for #reverse_merge!.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 913
alias_method :with_defaults!, :reverse_merge!
#without(*keys)
Alias for #except.
# File 'actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/strong_parameters.rb', line 741
alias_method :without, :except