Rails 6.1.7.10 (October 23, 2024)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.9 (October 15, 2024)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.8 (June 04, 2024)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.7 (February 21, 2024)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.6 (August 22, 2023)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.5 (August 22, 2023)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.4 (June 26, 2023)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.3 (March 13, 2023)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.2 (January 24, 2023)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.7.1 (January 17, 2023)

• Make sanitize_as_sql_comment more strict

  Though this method was likely never meant to take user input, it was attempting sanitization. That sanitization could be bypassed with carefully crafted input.

  This commit makes the sanitization more robust by replacing any occurrances of "/" or "/" with "/ " or " /". It also performs a first pass to remove one surrounding comment to avoid compatibility issues for users relying on the existing removal.

  This also clarifies in the documentation of annotate that it should not be provided user input.

  [CVE-2023-22794]

• Added integer width check to PostgreSQL::Quoting

  Given a value outside the range for a 64bit signed integer type PostgreSQL will treat the column type as numeric. Comparing integer values against numeric values can result in a slow sequential scan.

  This behavior is configurable via ActiveRecord::Base.raise_int_wider_than_64bit which defaults to true.

  [CVE-2022-44566]

Rails 6.1.7 (September 09, 2022)

• Symbol is allowed by default for YAML columns

  Étienne Barrié

• Fix ::ActiveRecord::Store to serialize as a regular Hash

  Previously it would serialize as an ::ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess which is wasteful and cause problem with YAML safe_load.

  Jean Boussier

• Fix PG.connect keyword arguments deprecation warning on ruby 2.7

  Fixes #44307.

  Nikita Vasilevsky

Rails 6.1.6.1 (July 12, 2022)

• Change ActiveRecord::Coders::YAMLColumn default to safe_load

  This adds two new configuration options The configuration options are as follows:

  • config.active_storage.use_yaml_unsafe_load

  When set to true, this configuration option tells Rails to use the old "unsafe" YAML loading strategy, maintaining the existing behavior but leaving the possible escalation vulnerability in place. Setting this option to true is not recommended, but can aid in upgrading.

  • config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes

  The "safe YAML" loading method does not allow all classes to be deserialized by default. This option allows you to specify classes deemed "safe" in your application. For example, if your application uses Symbol and Time in serialized data, you can add Symbol and Time to the allowed list as follows:

  config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes = [Symbol, Date, Time]

  [CVE-2022-32224]

Rails 6.1.6 (May 09, 2022)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.5.1 (April 26, 2022)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.5 (March 09, 2022)

• Fix ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate for Ruby 2.6.

  Ruby 2.6 and 2.7 have slightly different implementations of the String#-@ method. In Ruby 2.6, the receiver of the String#-@ method is modified under certain circumstances. This was later identified as a bug (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15926) and only fixed in Ruby 2.7.

  Before the changes in this commit, the ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate method, which internally calls the String#-@ method, could also modify an input string argument in Ruby 2.6 -- changing a tainted, unfrozen string into a tainted, frozen string.

  Fixes #43056

  Eric O'Hanlon

• Fix migration compatibility to create SQLite references/belongs_to column as integer when migration version is 6.0.

  reference/belongs_to in migrations with version 6.0 were creating columns as bigint instead of integer for the SQLite Adapter.

  Marcelo Lauxen

• Fix dbconsole for 3-tier config.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Better handle SQL queries with invalid encoding.

  Post.create(name: "broken \xC8 UTF-8")

  Would cause all adapters to fail in a non controlled way in the code responsible to detect write queries.

  The query is now properly passed to the database connection, which might or might not be able to handle it, but will either succeed or failed in a more correct way.

  Jean Boussier

• Ignore persisted in-memory records when merging target lists.

  Kevin Sjöberg

• Fix regression bug that caused ignoring additional conditions for preloading has_many through relations.

  Fixes #43132

  Alexander Pauly

• Fix ::ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata to not be broken by config.active_record.record_timestamps = false

  Since the model always create the timestamp columns, it has to set them, otherwise it breaks various DB management tasks.

  Fixes #42983

  Jean Boussier

• Fix duplicate active record objects on inverse_of.

  Justin Carvalho

• Fix duplicate objects stored in has many association after save.

  Fixes #42549.

  Alex Ghiculescu

• Fix performance regression in CollectionAssocation#build.

  Alex Ghiculescu

• Fix retrieving default value for text column for MariaDB.

  fatkodima

Rails 6.1.4.7 (March 08, 2022)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.4.6 (February 11, 2022)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.4.5 (February 11, 2022)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.4.4 (December 15, 2021)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.4.3 (December 14, 2021)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.4.2 (December 14, 2021)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.4.1 (August 19, 2021)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.4 (June 24, 2021)

• Do not try to rollback transactions that failed due to a ::ActiveRecord::TransactionRollbackError.

  Jamie McCarthy

• Raise an error if pool_config is nil in set_pool_config.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Fix compatibility with psych >= 4.

  Starting in Psych 4.0.0 YAML.load behaves like YAML.safe_load. To preserve compatibility Active Record's schema cache loader and YAMLColumn now uses YAML.unsafe_load if available.

  Jean Boussier

• Support using replicas when using rails dbconsole.

  Christopher Thornton

• Restore connection pools after transactional tests.

  Eugene Kenny

• Change upsert_all to fails cleanly for MySQL when :unique_by is used.

  Bastian Bartmann

• Fix user-defined self.default_scope to respect table alias.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Clear @cache_keys cache after update_all, delete_all, destroy_all.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Changed Arel predications contains and overlaps to use quoted_node so that PostgreSQL arrays are quoted properly.

  Bradley Priest

• Fix merge when the where clauses have string contents.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix rollback of parent destruction with nested dependent: :destroy.

  Jacopo Beschi

• Fix binds logging for "WHERE ... IN ..." statements.

  Ricardo Díaz

• Handle false in relation strict loading checks.

  Previously when a model had strict loading set to true and then had a relation set strict_loading to false the false wasn't considered when deciding whether to raise/warn about strict loading.

  class Dog < ActiveRecord::Base
    self.strict_loading_by_default = true
  
    has_many :treats, strict_loading: false
  end

  In the example, dog.treats would still raise even though strict_loading was set to false. This is a bug affecting more than Active Storage which is why I made this PR superseding #41461. We need to fix this for all applications since the behavior is a little surprising. I took the test from #41461 and the code suggestion from #41453 with some additions.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, Radamés Roriz

• Fix numericality validator without precision.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix aggregate attribute on Enum types.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix CREATE INDEX statement generation for PostgreSQL.

  eltongo

• Fix where clause on enum attribute when providing array of strings.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix unprepared_statement to work it when nesting.

  Ryuta Kamizono

Rails 6.1.3.2 (May 05, 2021)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.3.1 (March 26, 2021)

• No changes.

Rails 6.1.3 (February 17, 2021)

• Fix the MySQL adapter to always set the right collation and charset to the connection session.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Fix MySQL adapter handling of time objects when prepared statements are enabled.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Fix scoping in enum fields using conditions that would generate an IN clause.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Skip optimised #exist? query when #include? is called on a relation with a having clause

  Relations that have aliased select values AND a having clause that references an aliased select value would generate an error when

  include? was called, due to an optimisation that would generate

  call #exists? on the relation instead, which effectively alters the select values of the query (and thus removes the aliased select values), but leaves the having clause intact. Because the having clause is then referencing an aliased column that is no longer present in the simplified query, an ActiveRecord::InvalidStatement error was raised.

  An sample query affected by this problem:

  Author.select('COUNT(*) as total_posts', 'authors.*')
        .joins(:posts)
        .group(:id)
        .having('total_posts > 2')
        .include?(Author.first)

  This change adds an addition check to the condition that skips the simplified #exists? query, which simply checks for the presence of a having clause.

  Fixes #41417

  Michael Smart

• Increment postgres prepared statement counter before making a prepared statement, so if the statement is aborted without Rails knowledge (e.g., if app gets kill -9d during long-running query or due to Rack::Timeout), app won't end up in perpetual crash state for being inconsistent with Postgres.

  wbharding, Martin Tepper

Rails 6.1.2.1 (February 10, 2021)

• Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type

  Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter. This patch fixes the regexp.

  Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!

  [CVE-2021-22880]

  Aaron Patterson

Rails 6.1.2 (February 09, 2021)

• Fix timestamp type for sqlite3.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Make destroy async transactional.

  An active record rollback could occur while enqueuing a job. In this case the job would enqueue even though the database deletion rolledback putting things in a funky state.

  Now the jobs are only enqueued until after the db transaction has been committed.

  Cory Gwin

• Fix malformed packet error in MySQL statement for connection configuration.

  robinroestenburg

• Connection specification now passes the "url" key as a configuration for the adapter if the "url" protocol is "jdbc", "http", or "https". Previously only urls with the "jdbc" prefix were passed to the Active Record Adapter, others are assumed to be adapter specification urls.

  Fixes #41137.

  Jonathan Bracy

• Fix granular connection swapping when there are multiple abstract classes.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Fix find_by with custom primary key for belongs_to association.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Add support for rails console --sandbox for multiple database applications.

  alpaca-tc

• Fix where on polymorphic association with empty array.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix preventing writes for ApplicationRecord.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021)

• Fix fixtures loading when strict loading is enabled for the association.

  Alex Ghiculescu

• Fix where with custom primary key for belongs_to association.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix where with aliased associations.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix composed_of with symbol mapping.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Don't skip money's type cast for pluck and calculations.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix where on polymorphic association with non Active Record object.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Make sure db:prepare works even the schema file doesn't exist.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Fix complicated has_many :through with nested where condition.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Handle STI models for has_many dependent: :destroy_async.

  Muhammad Usman

• Restore possibility of passing false to :polymorphic option of belongs_to.

  Previously, passing false would trigger the option validation logic to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.

  glaszig

• Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.

  Fixes #40732.

  Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back, and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred automatically.

  add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")

  fatkodima

Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020)

• Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.

  Fixes #39065.

  Alex Ghiculescu

• Change attribute_for_inspect to take filter_attributes in consideration.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.

  Fixes #35204.

  Tomoyuki Kai

• Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate #id and primary key:

  class AdminAuthor
    delegate_missing_to :@author
  
    def initialize(author)
      @author = author
    end
  end
  
  Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))

  Sean Doyle

• Add connected_to_many API.

  This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.

  Before:

  AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
    MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
      Dog.first # read from animals replica
      Dinner.first # read from meals replica
      Person.first # read from primary writer
    end
  end

  After:

  ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
    Dog.first # read from animals replica
    Dinner.first # read from meals replica
    Person.first # read from primary writer
  end

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Add option to raise or log for ::ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError.

  Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using strict_loading. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.

  Set config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation to :log errors instead of raising.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Allow the inverse of a has_one association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.

  Fixes #34255.

  Steven Weber

• Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.

  Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.

  This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. index_my_table_on_my_reference.

  Fixes #38655.

  Luke Redpath

• MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation, no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Remove deprecated methods from ::ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits.

  column_name_length table_name_length columns_per_table indexes_per_table columns_per_multicolumn_index sql_query_length joins_per_query

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes and ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated migrations_path argument in ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• relation.create does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods in initialization block and callbacks.

  Before:

  User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
    User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
  end

  After:

  User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
    User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
  end

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.

  class User < ActiveRecord::Base
    scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
  end

  Before:

  User.where(name: "John").david
  # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'

  After:

  User.where(name: "John").david
  # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Remove deprecated methods from ::ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations.

  fetch each first values []=

  Rafael Mendonça França

• where.not now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.

  Before:

  User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
  # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'

  After:

  User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
  # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash method.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Deprecate ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in ::ActiveRecord::Relation methods.

  Rafael Mendonça França

• Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..." message using config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning.

  Omri Gabay

• Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when connected_to is called.

  This change allows connected_to to switch a role and/or shard for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling to false in their application configuration.

  Example usage:

  Given an application we have a User model that inherits from ApplicationRecord and a Dog model that inherits from AnimalsRecord. AnimalsRecord and ApplicationRecord have writing and reading connections as well as shard default, one, and two.

  ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
    User.first # reads from default replica
    Dog.first # reads from default replica
  
    AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
      User.first # reads from default replica
      Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
    end
  
    User.first # reads from default replica
    Dog.first # reads from default replica
  
    ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
      User.first # reads from shard two primary
      Dog.first # reads from default replica
    end
  end

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases

  James Adam

• Add values_at method.

  Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.

  topic = Topic.first
  topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
  # => ["Budget", "Jason"]

  Similar to Hash#values_at but on an Active Record instance.

  Guillaume Briday

• Fix read_attribute_before_type_cast to consider attribute aliases.

  Marcelo Lauxen

• Support passing record to uniqueness validator :conditions callable:

  class Article < ApplicationRecord
    validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
      published_at = article.published_at
      where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
    }
  end

  Eliot Sykes

• BatchEnumerator#update_all and BatchEnumerator#delete_all now return the total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.

  Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
  Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42

  Fixes #40287.

  Eugene Kenny

• Add support for PostgreSQL interval data type with conversion to ::ActiveSupport::Duration when loading records from database and serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save. Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump. Optional column precision is supported.

  To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:

  attribute :duration, :interval

  To keep old behavior until 7.0 is released:

  attribute :duration, :string

  Example:

  create_table :events do |t|
    t.string   :name
    t.interval :duration
  end
  
  class Event < ApplicationRecord
    attribute :duration, :interval
  end
  
  Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
  Event.last.duration # => 2 days
  Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
  Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
  Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database

  Andrey Novikov

• Allow associations supporting the dependent: key to take dependent: :destroy_async.

  class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
      belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
  end

  :destroy_async will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.

  DHH, George Claghorn, Cory Gwin, Rafael Mendonça França, Adrianna Chang

• Add SKIP_TEST_DATABASE environment variable to disable modifying the test database when rails db:create and rails db:drop are called.

  Jason Schweier

• connects_to can only be called on ::ActiveRecord::Base or abstract classes.

  Ensure that connects_to can only be called from ::ActiveRecord::Base or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• All connection adapters execute now raises ::ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished rather than ::ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid when they encounter a connection error.

  Jean Boussier

• Mysql2Adapter#quote_string now raises ::ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished rather than ::ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid when it can't connect to the MySQL server.

  Jean Boussier

• Add support for check constraints that are NOT VALID via validate: false (PostgreSQL-only).

  Alex Robbin

• Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment

  If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Allow where references association names as joined table name aliases.

  class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
    enum label: [:default, :child]
    has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
  end
  
  # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
  Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.

  Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type by store_full_sti_class class attribute.

  Now store_full_class_name class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Deprecate rails db:structure:{load, dump} tasks and extend rails db:schema:{load, dump} tasks to work with either :ruby or :sql format, depending on config.active_record.schema_format configuration value.

  fatkodima

• Respect the select values for eager loading.

  post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
  post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
  post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
  
  # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
  post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
  post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
  post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
  
  # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
  post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
  post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
  post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.

  class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
    attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
  end
  
  # Rails 6.0
  Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
  
  # Rails 6.1
  Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Allow default to be configured for Enum.

  class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
    enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
  end
  
  Book.new.status # => "published"

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Added the setting ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default, which allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.

  Sean Griffin, Ryuta Kamizono

• Deprecate map! and collect! on ::ActiveRecord::Result.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Support relation.and for intersection as Set theory.

  david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
  mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
  
  david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
  
  david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
  david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions, and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 7.0. To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use relation.merge(other, rewhere: true).

  # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
  Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
  
  # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
  Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
  
  # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior
  Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
  
  # Rails 7.0 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
  Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
  Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.

  Peter Fry

• Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.

  When the :unique_by option of ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all and ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all was used with the name of an expression index, an error was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the :unique_by corrects this.

  Usage:

  create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
    t.column :name, :string
    t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
  end
  
  Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name

  Fixes #39516.

  Austen Madden

• Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.

  Usage:

  add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
  remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"

  fatkodima

• Add ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default and ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default= to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.

  Usage:

  class Developer < ApplicationRecord
    self.strict_loading_by_default = true
  
    has_many :projects
  end
  
  dev = Developer.first
  dev.projects.first
  # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.

  bogdanvlviv

• Deprecate passing an Active Record object to quote/type_cast directly.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Default engine ENGINE=InnoDB is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.

  Before:

  create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
  end

  After:

  create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
  end

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies. See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.

  DHH

• Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.

  To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use uniq!(:group) to deduplicate group fields.

  accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
  
  # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
  accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
  # => {
  #   [1, 1] => 50,
  #   [2, 2] => 60
  # }
  
  # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
  accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
  # => {
  #   1 => 50,
  #   2 => 60
  # }

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Deprecate duplicated query annotations.

  To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use uniq!(:annotate) to deduplicate query annotations.

  accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
  
  # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
  accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
  # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
  
  # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
  accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
  # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.

  Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary ::ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding database record's lock_version column.

  Fixes #16449.

  Aaron Lipman

• Support merging option :rewhere to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.

  david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
  
  # both conflict conditions exists
  david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
  
  # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
  david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
  
  # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
  david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.

  signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
  
  User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
  
  travel 16.minutes
  User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
  
  travel_back
  User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
  
  User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature

  DHH

• Support ALGORITHM = INSTANT DDL option for index operations on MySQL.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Allow unscope to be aware of table name qualified values.

  It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.

  posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
  posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
  
  posts.count
  # => { false => 10 }
  
  # unscope both hidden columns
  posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
  # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
  
  # unscope only comments.hidden column
  posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
  # => { false => 11 }

  Ryuta Kamizono, Slava Korolev

• Fix rewhere to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.

  steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
  david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
  
  relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
  
  # Before
  relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
  
  # After
  relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Inspect time attributes with subsec and time zone offset.

  p Knot.create
  #=> #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000 +0000">

  akinomaeni, Jonathan Hefner

• Deprecate passing a column to type_cast.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Deprecate in_clause_length and allowed_index_name_length in DatabaseLimits.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.

  Josef Šimánek, Ryuta Kamizono

• Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.

  Islam Taha

• Add support for if_exists option for removing an index.

  The remove_index method can take an if_exists option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Prevent build_association from touching a parent record if the record isn't persisted for has_one associations.

  Fixes #38219.

  Josh Brody

• Add support for if_not_exists option for adding index.

  The add_index method respects if_not_exists option. If it is set to true index won't be added.

  Usage:

  add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true

  The if_not_exists option passed to create_table also gets propagated to indexes created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no attempt to create them again.

  Prathamesh Sonpatki

• Add ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record? to show if a record was new before the last save.

  Tom Ward

• Support descending order for find_each, find_in_batches, and in_batches.

  Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.

  This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.

  Pass order: :desc to yield batches in descending order. The default remains order: :asc.

  Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
    person.party_all_night!
  end

  Alexey Vasiliev

• Fix insert_all with enum values.

  Fixes #38716.

  Joel Blum

• Add support for db:rollback:name for multiple database applications.

  Multiple database applications will now raise if db:rollback is call and recommend using the db:rollback:[NAME] to rollback migrations.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Relation#pick now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.

  Eugene Kenny

• Deprecate using return, break or throw to exit a transaction block after writes.

  Dylan Thacker-Smith

• Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling db:migrate:name.

  In previous versions of Rails, rails db:migrate would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (rails db:migrate dumps all databases' schemas), but rails db:migrate:name does not share that behavior.

  Going forward, calls to rails db:migrate:name will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.

  Kyle Thompson

• Reset the ::ActiveRecord::Base connection after rails db:migrate:name.

  When rails db:migrate has finished, it ensures the ::ActiveRecord::Base connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, rails db:migrate:name will have the same behavior.

  Kyle Thompson

• Disallow calling connected_to on subclasses of ::ActiveRecord::Base.

  Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. connected_to switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Add support for horizontal sharding to connects_to and connected_to.

  Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.

  Usage:

  Given the following configuration:

  # config/database.yml
  production:
    primary:
      database: my_database
    primary_shard_one:
      database: my_database_shard_one
  

  Connect to multiple shards:

  class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
    self.abstract_class = true
  
    connects_to shards: {
      default: { writing: :primary },
      shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
    }

  Swap between shards in your controller / model code:

  ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
    # Read from shard one
  end

  The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Deprecate spec_name in favor of name on database configurations.

  The accessors for spec_name on configs_for and DatabaseConfig are deprecated. Please use name instead.

  Deprecated behavior:

  db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
  db_config.spec_name

  New behavior:

  db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
  db_config.name

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.

  Previously, rails db:create, rails db:drop, and rails db:migrate were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single database. For example:

  rails db:create
  rails db:create:primary
  rails db:create:animals
  rails db:drop
  rails db:drop:primary
  rails db:drop:animals
  rails db:migrate
  rails db:migrate:primary
  rails db:migrate:animals

  With these changes, rails db:schema:dump, rails db:schema:load, rails db:structure:dump, rails db:structure:load and rails db:test:prepare can additionally operate on a single database. For example:

  rails db:schema:dump
  rails db:schema:dump:primary
  rails db:schema:dump:animals
  rails db:schema:load
  rails db:schema:load:primary
  rails db:schema:load:animals
  rails db:structure:dump
  rails db:structure:dump:primary
  rails db:structure:dump:animals
  rails db:structure:load
  rails db:structure:load:primary
  rails db:structure:load:animals
  rails db:test:prepare
  rails db:test:prepare:primary
  rails db:test:prepare:animals

  Kyle Thompson

• Add support for strict_loading mode on association declarations.

  Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as strict_loading unless it was explicitly eager loaded.

  Usage:

  class Developer < ApplicationRecord
    has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
  end
  
  dev = Developer.first
  dev.projects.first
  # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.

  Kevin Deisz

• Add support for strict_loading mode to prevent lazy loading of records.

  Raise an error if a parent record is marked as strict_loading and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.

  Usage:

  dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
  dev.audit_logs.to_a
  # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, Aaron Patterson

• Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using upsert_all.

  Sebastián Palma

• Adds support for if_not_exists to add_column and if_exists to remove_column.

  Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.

  Example Usage:

  class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
    def change
      add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
    end
  end

  class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
    def change
      remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
    end
  end

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.

  Add Regexp.escape to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like pluck and select fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.

  Larry Reid

• Store advisory locks on their own named connection.

  Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.

  In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name AdvisoryLockBase. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.

  For example:

  development:
    adapter: postgresql
    database: blog_development
    pool: 5
    schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
  

  Katrina Owen

• Deprecate #remove_connection in favor of #remove_connection_pool when called on the handler.

  #remove_connection is deprecated in order to support returning a DatabaseConfig object instead of a Hash. Use #remove_connection_pool, #remove_connection will be removed in Rails 7.0.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Deprecate #default_hash and it's alias #[] on database configurations.

  Applications should use configs_for. #default_hash and #[] will be removed in Rails 7.0.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Add scale support to ::ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator.

  Gannon McGibbon

• Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining where.missing:

  Before:

  Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })

  After:

  Post.where.missing(:author)

  Tom Rossi

• Ensure :reading connections always raise if a write is attempted.

  Now Rails will raise an ::ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than :reading.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Deprecate "primary" as the connection_specification_name for ::ActiveRecord::Base.

  "primary" has been deprecated as the connection_specification_name for ::ActiveRecord::Base in favor of using "ActiveRecord::Base". This change affects calls to ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection and ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection. If you're calling these methods with "primary", please switch to "ActiveRecord::Base".

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Add ::ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator with support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.

  Gannon McGibbon

• Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header after a collection is modified.

  Fixes #38078.

  Aaron Lipman

• Skip test database when running db:create or db:drop in development with DATABASE_URL set.

  Brian Buchalter

• Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.

  Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the DatabaseConfig object directly.

  Before:

  @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
  @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")

  After:

  @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
  config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
  db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Remove :connection_id from the sql.active_record notification.

  Aaron Patterson, Rafael Mendonça França

• The :name key will no longer be returned as part of DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash. Please use DatabaseConfig#owner_name instead.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• ActiveRecord's belongs_to_required_by_default flag can now be set per model.

  You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required by default.

  This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have their association required.

  Edouard Chin

• The connection_config method has been deprecated, please use connection_db_config instead which will return a DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig instead of a Hash.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying includes and joins.

  Resolves #34889.

  Patrick Rebsch

• The database kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use connects_to instead.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.

  Jeff Emminger, Gannon McGibbon

• A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL options.

  Joshua Flanagan

• Calling methods like establish_connection with a Hash which is invalid (eg: no adapter) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in config/database.yml.

  John Crepezzi

• Specifying implicit_order_column now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.

  Paweł Urbanek

• where(attr => []) now loads an empty result without making a query.

  John Hawthorn

• Fixed the performance regression for primary_keys introduced MySQL 8.0.

  Hiroyuki Ishii

• Add support for belongs_to to has_many inversing.

  Gannon McGibbon

• Allow length configuration for has_secure_token method. The minimum length is set at 24 characters.

  Before:

  has_secure_token :auth_token

  After:

  has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
  has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
  has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError

  Bernardo de Araujo

• Deprecate DatabaseConfigurations#to_h. These connection hashes are still available via ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for.

  Eileen Uchitelle, John Crepezzi

• Add DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate DatabaseConfig#config which returns a String-keyed Hash with the same values.

  John Crepezzi, Eileen Uchitelle

• Allow column names to be passed to remove_index positionally along with other options.

  Passing other options can be necessary to make remove_index correctly reversible.

  Before:

  add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
  add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
  remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
  remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError

  After:

  remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works

  Eugene Kenny

• Allow bulk ALTER statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.

  Eugene Kenny

• insert, insert_all, upsert, and upsert_all now clear the query cache.

  Eugene Kenny

• Call while_preventing_writes directly from connected_to.

  In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with connected_to. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call connected_to(role: :writing).

  This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.

  Eileen M. Uchitelle

• Improve detection of ::ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.

  Kir Shatrov

• Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.

  Gannon McGibbon

• Deprecate .reorder(nil) with .first / .first! taking non-deterministic result.

  To continue taking non-deterministic result, use .take / .take! instead.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.

  Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Allow matches_regex and does_not_match_regexp on the MySQL Arel visitor.

  James Pearson

• Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting ignore in YAML file's '_fixture' section.

  Tongfei Gao

• Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.

  John Crepezzi, Eileen Uchitelle

• Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.

  class Foo
    enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
  end

  Edu Depetris

• Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.

  Joel Schneider

• Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.

  Josh Goodall

• Add database_exists? method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.

  Guilherme Mansur

• Loading the schema for a model that has no table_name raises a TableNotSpecified error.

  Guilherme Mansur, Eugene Kenny

• PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.

  Fixes #36022.

  Ryuta Kamizono

• Make ActiveRecord ConnectionPool.connections method thread-safe.

  Fixes #36465.

  Jeff Doering

• Add support for multiple databases to rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations.

  Mark Lee

• Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.

  Martin R. Schuster

• Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.

  Fixes #29966.

  Guilherme Goettems Schneider

• Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.

  Guilherme Goettems Schneider

• Allow generated create_table migrations to include or skip timestamps.

  Michael Duchemin

Please check [6-0-stable]) for previous changes.