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Module: ActiveRecord::Querying

Relationships & Source Files
Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance Descendants
Extended In:
Base, ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata, ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration
Defined in: activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb

Instance Attribute Summary

Instance Method Summary

Instance Attribute Details

#average (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 15

delegate :count, :average, :minimum, :maximum, :sum, :calculate, to: :all

#calculate (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 15

delegate :count, :average, :minimum, :maximum, :sum, :calculate, to: :all

#count (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 15

delegate :count, :average, :minimum, :maximum, :sum, :calculate, to: :all

#create_with (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#delete_all (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 10

delegate :destroy_all, :delete_all, :update_all, to: :all

#destroy_all (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 10

delegate :destroy_all, :delete_all, :update_all, to: :all

#distinct (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#eager_load (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#except (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#extending (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#fifth (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#find (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#find_by (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 9

delegate :find_by, :find_by!, to: :all

#find_each (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 11

delegate :find_each, :find_in_batches, :in_batches, to: :all

#find_in_batches (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 11

delegate :find_each, :find_in_batches, :in_batches, to: :all

#find_or_create_by (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 8

delegate :find_or_create_by, :find_or_create_by!, :find_or_initialize_by, to: :all

#find_or_initialize_by (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 8

delegate :find_or_create_by, :find_or_create_by!, :find_or_initialize_by, to: :all

#first (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#first_or_create (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 7

delegate :first_or_create, :first_or_create!, :first_or_initialize, to: :all

#first_or_initialize (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 7

delegate :first_or_create, :first_or_create!, :first_or_initialize, to: :all

#forty_two (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#fourth (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#from (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#group (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#having (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#ids (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 16

delegate :pluck, :ids, to: :all

#in_batches (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 11

delegate :find_each, :find_in_batches, :in_batches, to: :all

#includes (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#joins (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#last (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#left_joins (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#left_outer_joins (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#limit (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#lock (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#maximum (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 15

delegate :count, :average, :minimum, :maximum, :sum, :calculate, to: :all

#merge (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#minimum (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 15

delegate :count, :average, :minimum, :maximum, :sum, :calculate, to: :all

#none (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#offset (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#or (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#order (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#pluck (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 16

delegate :pluck, :ids, to: :all

#preload (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#readonly (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#references (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#reorder (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#rewhere (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#second (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#second_to_last (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#select (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#sum (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 15

delegate :count, :average, :minimum, :maximum, :sum, :calculate, to: :all

#take (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#third (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#third_to_last (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#unscope (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

#update_all (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 10

delegate :destroy_all, :delete_all, :update_all, to: :all

#where (readonly)

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 12

delegate :select, :group, :order, :except, :reorder, :limit, :offset, :joins, :left_joins, :left_outer_joins, :or,
         :where, :rewhere, :preload, :eager_load, :includes, :from, :lock, :readonly, :extending,
         :having, :create_with, :distinct, :references, :none, :unscope, :merge, to: :all

Instance Method Details

#any?Boolean

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#count_by_sql(sql)

Returns the result of an SQL statement that should only include a COUNT(*) in the SELECT part. The use of this method should be restricted to complicated SQL queries that can’t be executed using the Calculations class methods. Look into those before using this.

Product.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sales s, customers c WHERE s.customer_id = c.id"
# => 12

Parameters

  • sql - An SQL statement which should return a count query from the database, see the example above.

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 66

def count_by_sql(sql)
  connection.select_value(sanitize_sql(sql), "#{name} Count").to_i
end

#exists?Boolean

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#fifth!

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#find_by!

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 9

delegate :find_by, :find_by!, to: :all

#find_by_sql(sql, binds = [], preparable: nil, &block)

Executes a custom SQL query against your database and returns all the results. The results will be returned as an array with columns requested encapsulated as attributes of the model you call this method from. If you call Product.find_by_sql then the results will be returned in a Product object with the attributes you specified in the SQL query.

If you call a complicated SQL query which spans multiple tables the columns specified by the SELECT will be attributes of the model, whether or not they are columns of the corresponding table.

The sql parameter is a full SQL query as a string. It will be called as is, there will be no database agnostic conversions performed. This should be a last resort because using, for example, MySQL specific terms will lock you to using that particular database engine or require you to change your call if you switch engines.

# A simple SQL query spanning multiple tables
Post.find_by_sql "SELECT p.title, c.author FROM posts p, comments c WHERE p.id = c.post_id"
# => [#<Post:0x36bff9c @attributes={"title"=>"Ruby Meetup", "first_name"=>"Quentin"}>, ...]

You can use the same string replacement techniques as you can with QueryMethods#where:

Post.find_by_sql ["SELECT title FROM posts WHERE author = ? AND created > ?", author_id, start_date]
Post.find_by_sql ["SELECT body FROM comments WHERE author = :user_id OR approved_by = :user_id", { :user_id => user_id }]
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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 40

def find_by_sql(sql, binds = [], preparable: nil, &block)
  result_set = connection.select_all(sanitize_sql(sql), "#{name} Load", binds, preparable: preparable)
  column_types = result_set.column_types.dup
  attribute_types.each_key { |k| column_types.delete k }
  message_bus = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter

  payload = {
    record_count: result_set.length,
    class_name: name
  }

  message_bus.instrument("instantiation.active_record", payload) do
    result_set.map { |record| instantiate(record, column_types, &block) }
  end
end

#find_or_create_by!

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 8

delegate :find_or_create_by, :find_or_create_by!, :find_or_initialize_by, to: :all

#first!

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#first_or_create!

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 7

delegate :first_or_create, :first_or_create!, :first_or_initialize, to: :all

#forty_two!

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#fourth!

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#last!

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#many?Boolean

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#none?Boolean (readonly)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#one?Boolean

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#second!

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#second_to_last!

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#take!

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 5

delegate :find, :take, :take!, :first, :first!, :last, :last!, :exists?, :any?, :many?, :none?, :one?, to: :all

#third!

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all

#third_to_last!

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/querying.rb', line 6

delegate :second, :second!, :third, :third!, :fourth, :fourth!, :fifth, :fifth!, :forty_two, :forty_two!, :third_to_last, :third_to_last!, :second_to_last, :second_to_last!, to: :all