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Class: Capybara::Selenium::Driver

Relationships & Source Files
Namespace Children
Modules:
Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance
Class Chain:
self, Driver::Base
Instance Chain:
Inherits: Capybara::Driver::Base
Defined in: lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb

Constant Summary

Class Attribute Summary

Class Method Summary

Instance Attribute Summary

Instance Method Summary

Find - Included

Driver::Base - Inherited

Constructor Details

.new(app, **options) ⇒ Driver

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 83

def initialize(app, **options)
  super()
  self.class.load_selenium
  @app = app
  @browser = nil
  @exit_status = nil
  @frame_handles = Hash.new { |hash, handle| hash[handle] = [] }
  @options = DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(options)
  @node_class = ::Capybara::Selenium::Node
end

Class Attribute Details

.selenium_webdriver_version (readonly)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 20

attr_reader :selenium_webdriver_version

.specializations (readonly)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 55

attr_reader :specializations

Class Method Details

.load_selenium

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 22

def load_selenium
  require 'selenium-webdriver'
  require 'capybara/selenium/patches/atoms'
  require 'capybara/selenium/patches/is_displayed'

  # Look up the version of `selenium-webdriver` to
  # see if it's a version we support.
  #
  # By default, we use Gem.loaded_specs to determine
  # the version number. However, in some cases, such
  # as when loading `selenium-webdriver` outside of
  # Rubygems, we fall back to referencing
  # Selenium::WebDriver::VERSION. Ideally we'd
  # use the constant in all cases, but earlier versions
  # of `selenium-webdriver` didn't provide the constant.
  @selenium_webdriver_version =
    if Gem.loaded_specs['selenium-webdriver']
      Gem.loaded_specs['selenium-webdriver'].version
    else
      Gem::Version.new(Selenium::WebDriver::VERSION)
    end

  unless Gem::Requirement.new('>= 4.8').satisfied_by? @selenium_webdriver_version
    warn "Warning: You're using an unsupported version of selenium-webdriver, please upgrade to 4.8+."
  end

  @selenium_webdriver_version
rescue LoadError => e
  raise e unless e.message.include?('selenium-webdriver')

  raise LoadError, "Capybara's selenium driver is unable to load `selenium-webdriver`, please install the gem and add `gem 'selenium-webdriver'` to your Gemfile if you are using bundler."
end

.register_specialization(browser_name, specialization)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 57

def register_specialization(browser_name, specialization)
  @specializations ||= {}
  @specializations[browser_name] = specialization
end

Instance Attribute Details

#app (readonly)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 17

attr_reader :app, :options

#needs_server?Boolean (readonly)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 125

def needs_server?; true; end

#options (readonly)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 17

attr_reader :app, :options

#wait?Boolean (readonly)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 124

def wait?; true; end

Instance Method Details

#accept_modal(_type, **options)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 264

def accept_modal(_type, **options)
  yield if block_given?
  modal = find_modal(**options)

  modal.send_keys options[:with] if options[:with]

  message = modal.text
  modal.accept
  message
end

#accept_unhandled_reset_alert (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 502

def accept_unhandled_reset_alert
  @browser.switch_to.alert.accept
  sleep 0.25 # allow time for the modal to be handled
rescue modal_error
  # The alert is now gone.
  # If navigation has not occurred attempt again and accept alert
  # since FF may have dismissed the alert at first attempt.
  navigate_with_accept('about:blank') if current_url != 'about:blank'
end

#active_element

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 142

def active_element
  build_node(native_active_element)
end

#bridge (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 463

def bridge
  browser.send(:bridge)
end

#browser

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 63

def browser
  unless @browser
    options[:http_client] ||= begin
      require 'capybara/selenium/patches/persistent_client'
      if options[:timeout]
        ::Capybara::Selenium::PersistentClient.new(read_timeout: options[:timeout])
      else
        ::Capybara::Selenium::PersistentClient.new
      end
    end
    processed_options = options.except(*SPECIAL_OPTIONS)

    @browser = Selenium::WebDriver.for(options[:browser], processed_options)

    specialize_driver
    setup_exit_handler
  end
  @browser
end

#build_node(native_node, initial_cache = {}) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 459

def build_node(native_node, initial_cache = {})
  ::Capybara::Selenium::Node.new(self, native_node, initial_cache)
end

#clear_browser_state (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 327

def clear_browser_state
  delete_all_cookies
  clear_storage
rescue *clear_browser_state_errors
  # delete_all_cookies fails when we've previously gone
  # to about:blank, so we rescue this error and do nothing
  # instead.
end

#clear_browser_state_errors (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 336

def clear_browser_state_errors
  @clear_browser_state_errors ||= [Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError]
end

#clear_local_storage (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 369

def clear_local_storage
  if @browser.respond_to? :local_storage
    @browser.local_storage.clear
  else
    begin
      @browser&.execute_script('window.localStorage.clear()')
    rescue # rubocop:disable Style/RescueStandardError
      unless options[:clear_local_storage].nil?
        warn 'localStorage clear requested but is not supported by this driver'
      end
    end
  end
end

#clear_session_storage (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 355

def clear_session_storage
  if @browser.respond_to? :session_storage
    @browser.session_storage.clear
  else
    begin
      @browser&.execute_script('window.sessionStorage.clear()')
    rescue # rubocop:disable Style/RescueStandardError
      unless options[:clear_session_storage].nil?
        warn 'sessionStorage clear requested but is not supported by this driver'
      end
    end
  end
end

#clear_storage (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 348

def clear_storage
  clear_session_storage unless options[:clear_session_storage] == false
  clear_local_storage unless options[:clear_local_storage] == false
rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::JavascriptError, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError
  # session/local storage may not be available if on non-http pages (e.g. about:blank)
end

#close_window(handle)

Raises:

  • (ArgumentError)
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 235

def close_window(handle)
  raise ArgumentError, 'Not allowed to close the primary window' if handle == window_handles.first

  within_given_window(handle) do
    browser.close
  end
end

#current_url

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 120

def current_url
  browser.current_url
end

#current_window_handle

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 205

def current_window_handle
  browser.window_handle
end

#delete_all_cookies (private)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 344

def delete_all_cookies
  @browser.manage.delete_all_cookies
end

#dismiss_modal(_type, **options)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 275

def dismiss_modal(_type, **options)
  yield if block_given?
  modal = find_modal(**options)
  message = modal.text
  modal.dismiss
  message
end

#evaluate_async_script(script, *args)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 136

def evaluate_async_script(script, *args)
  browser.manage.timeouts.script_timeout = Capybara.default_max_wait_time
  result = browser.execute_async_script(script, *native_args(args))
  unwrap_script_result(result)
end

#evaluate_script(script, *args)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 131

def evaluate_script(script, *args)
  result = execute_script("return #{script}", *args)
  unwrap_script_result(result)
end

#execute_script(script, *args)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 127

def execute_script(script, *args)
  browser.execute_script(script, *native_args(args))
end

#find_context (private)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 455

def find_context
  browser
end

#find_modal(text: nil, **options) (private)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 407

def find_modal(text: nil, **options)
  # Selenium has its own built in wait (2 seconds)for a modal to show up, so this wait is really the minimum time
  # Actual wait time may be longer than specified
  wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(
    timeout: options.fetch(:wait, session_options.default_max_wait_time) || 0,
    ignore: modal_error
  )
  begin
    wait.until do
      alert = @browser.switch_to.alert
      regexp = text.is_a?(Regexp) ? text : Regexp.new(Regexp.escape(text.to_s))
      matched = alert.text.match?(regexp)
      unless matched
        raise Capybara::ModalNotFound, "Unable to find modal dialog with #{text} - found '#{alert.text}' instead."
      end

      alert
    end
  rescue *find_modal_errors
    raise Capybara::ModalNotFound, "Unable to find modal dialog#{" with #{text}" if text}"
  end
end

#find_modal_errors (private)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 430

def find_modal_errors
  @find_modal_errors ||= [Selenium::WebDriver::Error::TimeoutError]
end

#frame_obscured_at?(x:, y:) ⇒ Boolean

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 178

def frame_obscured_at?(x:, y:)
  frame = @frame_handles[current_window_handle].last
  return false unless frame

  switch_to_frame(:parent)
  begin
    frame.base.obscured?(x: x, y: y)
  ensure
    switch_to_frame(frame)
  end
end

#fullscreen_window(handle)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 229

def fullscreen_window(handle)
  within_given_window(handle) do
    browser.manage.window.full_screen
  end
end

#go_back

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 102

def go_back
  browser.navigate.back
end

#go_forward

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 106

def go_forward
  browser.navigate.forward
end

#html

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 110

def html
  browser.page_source
rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::JavascriptError => e
  raise unless e.message.include?('documentElement is null')
end

#invalid_element_errors

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 297

def invalid_element_errors
  @invalid_element_errors ||=
    [
      ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::StaleElementReferenceError,
      ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementNotInteractableError,
      ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidSelectorError, # Work around chromedriver go_back/go_forward race condition
      ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::ElementClickInterceptedError,
      ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError, # IE
      ::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidArgumentError # IE
    ].tap do |errors|
      if defined?(::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::DetachedShadowRootError)
        errors.push(::Selenium::WebDriver::Error::DetachedShadowRootError)
      end
    end
end

#maximize_window(handle)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 222

def maximize_window(handle)
  within_given_window(handle) do
    browser.manage.window.maximize
  end
  sleep 0.1 # work around for https://code.google.com/p/selenium/issues/detail?id=7405
end

#native_active_element (private)

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 323

def native_active_element
  browser.switch_to.active_element
end

#native_args(args) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 319

def native_args(args)
  args.map { |arg| arg.is_a?(Capybara::Selenium::Node) ? arg.native : arg }
end

#no_such_window_error

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 313

def no_such_window_error
  Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchWindowError
end

#open_new_window(kind = :tab)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 247

def open_new_window(kind = :tab)
  if browser.switch_to.respond_to?(:new_window)
    handle = current_window_handle
    browser.switch_to.new_window(kind)
    switch_to_window(handle)
  else
    browser.manage.new_window(kind)
  end
rescue NoMethodError, Selenium::WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError
  # If not supported by the driver or browser default to using JS
  browser.execute_script('window.open();')
end

#quit

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 283

def quit
  @browser&.quit
rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::SessionNotCreatedError, Errno::ECONNREFUSED,
       Selenium::WebDriver::Error::InvalidSessionIdError
  # Browser must have already gone
rescue Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError => e
  unless silenced_unknown_error_message?(e.message) # Most likely already gone
    # probably already gone but not sure - so warn
    warn "Ignoring Selenium UnknownError during driver quit: #{e.message}"
  end
ensure
  @browser = nil
end

#refresh

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 98

def refresh
  browser.navigate.refresh
end

#reset!

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# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 155

def reset!
  # Use instance variable directly so we avoid starting the browser just to reset the session
  return unless @browser

  navigated = false
  timer = Capybara::Helpers.timer(expire_in: 10)
  begin
    # Only trigger a navigation if we haven't done it already, otherwise it
    # can trigger an endless series of unload modals
    reset_browser_state unless navigated
    navigated = true
    # Ensure the page is empty and trigger an UnhandledAlertError for any modals that appear during unload
    wait_for_empty_page(timer)
  rescue *unhandled_alert_errors
    # This error is thrown if an unhandled alert is on the page
    # Firefox appears to automatically dismiss this alert, chrome does not
    # We'll try to accept it
    accept_unhandled_reset_alert
    # try cleaning up the browser again
    retry
  end
end

#reset_browser_state (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 484

def reset_browser_state
  clear_browser_state
  @browser.navigate.to('about:blank')
end

#resize_window_to(handle, width, height)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 216

def resize_window_to(handle, width, height)
  within_given_window(handle) do
    browser.manage.window.resize_to(width, height)
  end
end

#save_screenshot(path, **options)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 151

def save_screenshot(path, **options)
  browser.save_screenshot(path, **options)
end

#send_keys(*args)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 146

def send_keys(*args)
  # Should this call the specialized nodes rather than native???
  native_active_element.send_keys(*args)
end

#setup_exit_handler (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 474

def setup_exit_handler
  main = Process.pid
  at_exit do
    # Store the exit status of the test run since it goes away after calling the at_exit proc...
    @exit_status = $ERROR_INFO.status if $ERROR_INFO.is_a?(SystemExit)
    quit if Process.pid == main
    exit @exit_status if @exit_status # Force exit with stored status
  end
end

#silenced_unknown_error_message?(msg) ⇒ Boolean (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 434

def silenced_unknown_error_message?(msg)
  silenced_unknown_error_messages.any? { |regex| msg.match? regex }
end

#silenced_unknown_error_messages (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 438

def silenced_unknown_error_messages
  [/Error communicating with the remote browser/]
end

#specialize_driver (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 467

def specialize_driver
  browser_type = browser.browser
  Capybara::Selenium::Driver.specializations.select { |k, _v| k === browser_type }.each_value do |specialization| # rubocop:disable Style/CaseEquality
    extend specialization
  end
end

#switch_to_frame(frame)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 190

def switch_to_frame(frame)
  handles = @frame_handles[current_window_handle]
  case frame
  when :top
    handles.clear
    browser.switch_to.default_content
  when :parent
    handles.pop
    browser.switch_to.parent_frame
  else
    handles << frame
    browser.switch_to.frame(frame.native)
  end
end

#switch_to_window(handle)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 260

def switch_to_window(handle)
  browser.switch_to.window handle
end

#title

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 116

def title
  browser.title
end

#unhandled_alert_errors (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 340

def unhandled_alert_errors
  @unhandled_alert_errors ||= [Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnexpectedAlertOpenError]
end

#unwrap_script_result(arg) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 442

def unwrap_script_result(arg)
  case arg
  when Array
    arg.map { |arr| unwrap_script_result(arr) }
  when Hash
    arg.transform_values! { |value| unwrap_script_result(value) }
  when Selenium::WebDriver::Element, Selenium::WebDriver::ShadowRoot
    build_node(arg)
  else
    arg
  end
end

#visit(path)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 94

def visit(path)
  browser.navigate.to(path)
end

#wait_for_empty_page(timer) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 489

def wait_for_empty_page(timer)
  until find_xpath('/html/body/*').empty?
    raise Capybara::ExpectationNotMet, 'Timed out waiting for Selenium session reset' if timer.expired?

    sleep 0.01

    # It has been observed that it is possible that asynchronous JS code in
    # the application under test can navigate the browser away from about:blank
    # if the timing is just right. Ensure we are still at about:blank...
    @browser.navigate.to('about:blank') unless current_url == 'about:blank'
  end
end

#window_handles

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 243

def window_handles
  browser.window_handles
end

#window_size(handle)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 209

def window_size(handle)
  within_given_window(handle) do
    size = browser.manage.window.size
    [size.width, size.height]
  end
end

#within_given_window(handle) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb', line 395

def within_given_window(handle)
  original_handle = current_window_handle
  if handle == original_handle
    yield
  else
    switch_to_window(handle)
    result = yield
    switch_to_window(original_handle)
    result
  end
end