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Class: Gem::Installer

Relationships & Source Files
Namespace Children
Classes:
Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance
Instance Chain:
Inherits: Object
Defined in: lib/rubygems/installer.rb,
lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb

Overview

The installer installs the files contained in the #gem into the Gem.home.

Installer does the work of putting files in all the right places on the filesystem including unpacking the gem into its gem dir, installing the gemspec in the specifications dir, storing the cached gem in the cache dir, and installing either wrappers or symlinks for executables.

The installer invokes pre and post install hooks. Hooks can be added either through a rubygems_plugin.rb file in an installed gem or via a rubygems/defaults/#RUBY_ENGINE.rb or rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb file. See pre_install and post_install for details.

Constant Summary

Class Attribute Summary

Class Method Summary

Instance Attribute Summary

DefaultUserInteraction - Included

Instance Method Summary

UserInteraction - Included

#alert

Displays an alert statement.

#alert_error

Displays an error statement to the error output location.

#alert_warning

Displays a warning statement to the warning output location.

#ask

Asks a question and returns the answer.

#ask_for_password

Asks for a password with a prompt

#ask_yes_no

Asks a yes or no question.

#choose_from_list

Asks the user to answer question with an answer from the given list.

#say

Displays the given statement on the standard output (or equivalent).

#terminate_interaction

Terminates the RubyGems process with the given exit_code

#verbose

Calls say with msg or the results of the block if really_verbose is true.

DefaultUserInteraction - Included

Constructor Details

.new(package, options = {}) ⇒ Installer

Constructs an Installer instance that will install the gem located at #gem. #options is a Hash with the following keys:

:bin_dir

Where to put a bin wrapper if needed.

:development

Whether or not development dependencies should be installed.

:env_shebang

Use /usr/bin/env in bin wrappers.

:force

Overrides all version checks and security policy checks, except for a signed-gems-only policy.

:format_executable

Format the executable the same as the Ruby executable. If your Ruby is ruby18, foo_exec will be installed as foo_exec18.

:ignore_dependencies

Don't raise if a dependency is missing.

:install_dir

The directory to install the gem into.

:security_policy

Use the specified security policy. See Security

:user_install

Indicate that the gem should be unpacked into the users personal gem directory.

:only_install_dir

Only validate dependencies against what is in the install_dir

:wrappers

Install wrappers if true, symlinks if false.

:build_args

An Array of arguments to pass to the extension builder process. If not set, then Gem::Command.build_args is used

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 161

def initialize(package, options={})
  require 'fileutils'

  @options = options
  if package.is_a? String
    security_policy = options[:security_policy]
    @package = Gem::Package.new package, security_policy
    if $VERBOSE
      warn "constructing an Installer object with a string is deprecated. Please use Gem::Installer.at (called from: #{caller.first})"
    end
  else
    @package = package
  end

  process_options

  if options[:user_install] and not options[:unpack] then
    @gem_home = Gem.user_dir
    @bin_dir = Gem.bindir gem_home unless options[:bin_dir]
    check_that_user_bin_dir_is_in_path
  end
end

Class Attribute Details

.exec_format (rw)

Defaults to use Ruby's program prefix and suffix.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 92

def exec_format
  @exec_format ||= Gem.default_exec_format
end

.exec_format=(value) (rw)

Overrides the executable format.

This is a sprintf format with a “%s” which will be replaced with the executable name. It is based off the ruby executable name's difference from “ruby”.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 89

attr_writer :exec_format

.install_lock (readonly)

Certain aspects of the install process are not thread-safe. This lock is used to allow multiple threads to install Gems at the same time.

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# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 80

attr_reader :install_lock

.path_warning (rw)

True if we've warned about PATH not including Gem.bindir

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 74

attr_accessor :path_warning

Class Method Details

.at(path, options = {})

Construct an installer object for the gem file located at Gem.path

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 101

def self.at path, options = {}
  security_policy = options[:security_policy]
  package = Gem::Package.new path, security_policy
  new package, options
end

.for_spec(spec, options = {})

Construct an installer object for an ephemeral gem (one where we don't actually have a #gem file, just a spec)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 133

def self.for_spec spec, options = {}
  # FIXME: we should have a real Package class for this
  new FakePackage.new(spec), options
end

Instance Attribute Details

#bin_dir (rw)

The directory a gem's executables will be installed into

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 51

attr_reader :bin_dir

#bin_dir=(value) (rw)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 10

attr_writer :bin_dir

#build_args=(value) (writeonly)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 15

attr_writer :build_args

#env_shebang=(value) (writeonly)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 40

attr_writer :env_shebang

#force=(value) (writeonly)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 25

attr_writer :force

#format=(value) (writeonly)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 30

attr_writer :format

#format_executable=(value) (writeonly)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 50

attr_writer :format_executable

#gem (readonly)

Filename of the gem being installed.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 46

attr_reader :gem

#gem_dir (rw)

Lazy accessor for the spec's gem directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 253

def gem_dir
  @gem_dir ||= File.join(gem_home, "gems", spec.full_name)
end

#gem_dir=(value) (rw)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 20

attr_writer :gem_dir

#gem_home (rw)

The gem repository the gem will be installed into

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# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 58

attr_reader :gem_home

#gem_home=(value) (rw)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 35

attr_writer :gem_home

#ignore_dependencies=(value) (writeonly)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 45

attr_writer :ignore_dependencies

#options (readonly)

The options passed when the Installer was instantiated.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 63

attr_reader :options

#security_policy=(value) (writeonly)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 55

attr_writer :security_policy

#wrappers=(value) (writeonly)

Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer_test_case.rb', line 60

attr_writer :wrappers

Instance Method Details

#app_script_text(bin_file_name)

Return the text for an application file.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 704

def app_script_text(bin_file_name)
  return <<-TEXT
#{shebang bin_file_name}
#
# This file was generated by RubyGems.
#
# The application '#{spec.name}' is installed as part of a gem, and
# this file is here to facilitate running it.
#

require 'rubygems'

version = "#{Gem::Requirement.default}.a"

if ARGV.first
str = ARGV.first
str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
if str =~ /\\A_(.*)_\\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
  version = $1
  ARGV.shift
end
end

load Gem.bin_path('#{spec.name}', '#{bin_file_name}', version)
TEXT
end

#build_extensions

Builds extensions. Valid types of extensions are extconf.rb files, configure scripts and rakefiles or mkrf_conf files.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 750

def build_extensions
  builder = Gem::Ext::Builder.new spec, @build_args

  builder.build_extensions
end

#default_spec_file

The location of the default spec file for default gems.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 412

def default_spec_file
  File.join Gem::Specification.default_specifications_dir, "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec"
end

#dir

Return the target directory where the gem is to be installed. This directory is not guaranteed to be populated.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 802

def dir
  gem_dir.to_s
end

#ensure_dependency(spec, dependency)

Ensure that the dependency is satisfied by the current installation of gem. If it is not an exception is raised.

spec

Specification

dependency

Dependency

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 375

def ensure_dependency(spec, dependency)
  unless installation_satisfies_dependency? dependency then
    raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec.name} requires #{dependency}"
  end
  true
end

#ensure_loadable_spec

Ensures the Specification written out for this gem is loadable upon installation.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 592

def ensure_loadable_spec
  ruby = spec.to_ruby_for_cache
  ruby.untaint

  begin
    eval ruby
  rescue StandardError, SyntaxError => e
    raise Gem::InstallError,
          "The specification for #{spec.full_name} is corrupt (#{e.class})"
  end
end

#extract_bin

Extracts only the bin/ files from the gem into the gem directory. This is used by default gems to allow a gem-aware stub to function without the full gem installed.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 781

def extract_bin
  @package.extract_files gem_dir, "bin/*"
end

#extract_files

Reads the file index and extracts each file into the gem directory.

Ensures that files can't be installed outside the gem directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 772

def extract_files
  @package.extract_files gem_dir
end

#formatted_program_filename(filename)

Prefix and suffix the program filename the same as ruby.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 788

def formatted_program_filename(filename)
  if @format_executable then
    self.class.exec_format % File.basename(filename)
  else
    filename
  end
end

#generate_bin_script(filename, bindir)

Creates the scripts to run the applications in the gem.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 492

def generate_bin_script(filename, bindir)
  bin_script_path = File.join bindir, formatted_program_filename(filename)

  FileUtils.rm_f bin_script_path # prior install may have been --no-wrappers

  File.open bin_script_path, 'wb', 0755 do |file|
    file.print app_script_text(filename)
  end

  verbose bin_script_path

  generate_windows_script filename, bindir
end

#generate_windows_script(filename, bindir)

Creates windows .bat files for easy running of commands

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 443

def generate_windows_script(filename, bindir)
  if Gem.win_platform? then
    script_name = filename + ".bat"
    script_path = File.join bindir, File.basename(script_name)
    File.open script_path, 'w' do |file|
      file.puts windows_stub_script(bindir, filename)
    end

    verbose script_path
  end
end

#install

Installs the gem and returns a loaded Specification for the installed gem.

The gem will be installed with the following structure:

@gem_home/
  cache/<gem-version>.gem #=> a cached copy of the installed gem
  gems/<gem-version>/... #=> extracted files
  specifications/<gem-version>.gemspec #=> the Gem::Specification
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 277

def install
  pre_install_checks

  FileUtils.rm_f File.join gem_home, 'specifications', spec.spec_name

  run_pre_install_hooks

  # Completely remove any previous gem files
  FileUtils.rm_rf gem_dir

  FileUtils.mkdir_p gem_dir

  if @options[:install_as_default]
    spec.loaded_from = default_spec_file
    extract_bin
    write_default_spec
  else
    spec.loaded_from = spec_file
    extract_files

    build_extensions
    write_build_info_file
    run_post_build_hooks

    generate_bin
    write_spec
    write_cache_file
  end

  say spec.post_install_message if options[:post_install_message] && !spec.post_install_message.nil?

  Gem::Installer.install_lock.synchronize { Gem::Specification.reset }

  run_post_install_hooks

  spec

# TODO This rescue is in the wrong place. What is raising this exception?
# move this rescue to around the code that actually might raise it.
rescue Zlib::GzipFile::Error
  raise Gem::InstallError, "gzip error installing #{gem}"
end

#installation_satisfies_dependency?(dependency) ⇒ Boolean

True if the gems in the system satisfy dependency.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 385

def installation_satisfies_dependency?(dependency)
  return true if @options[:development] and dependency.type == :development
  return true if installed_specs.detect { |s| dependency.matches_spec? s }
  return false if @only_install_dir
  not dependency.matching_specs.empty?
end

#installed_specs

Return an Array of Specifications contained within the gem_home we'll be installing into.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 355

def installed_specs
  @specs ||= begin
    specs = []

    Dir[File.join(gem_home, "specifications", "*.gemspec")].each do |path|
      spec = Gem::Specification.load path.untaint
      specs << spec if spec
    end

    specs
  end
end

#pre_install_checks

Performs various checks before installing the gem such as the install repository is writable and its directories exist, required Ruby and rubygems versions are met and that dependencies are installed.

Version and dependency checks are skipped if this install is forced.

The dependent check will be skipped this install is ignoring dependencies.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 815

def pre_install_checks
  verify_gem_home options[:unpack]

  ensure_loadable_spec

  verify_spec_name

  if options[:install_as_default]
    Gem.ensure_default_gem_subdirectories gem_home
  else
    Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories gem_home
  end

  return true if @force

  ensure_required_ruby_version_met
  ensure_required_rubygems_version_met
  ensure_dependencies_met unless @ignore_dependencies

  true
end

#shebang(bin_file_name)

Generates a #! line for bin_file_name's wrapper copying arguments if necessary.

If the :custom_shebang config is set, then it is used as a template for how to create the shebang used for to run a gem's executables.

The template supports 4 expansions:

$env    the path to the unix env utility
$ruby   the path to the currently running ruby interpreter
$exec   the path to the gem's executable
$name   the name of the gem the executable is for
[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 547

def shebang(bin_file_name)
  ruby_name = RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name'] if @env_shebang
  path = File.join gem_dir, spec.bindir, bin_file_name
  first_line = File.open(path, "rb") {|file| file.gets}

  if /\A#!/ =~ first_line then
    # Preserve extra words on shebang line, like "-w".  Thanks RPA.
    shebang = first_line.sub(/\A\#!.*?ruby\S*((\s\S)+)/, "#!#{Gem.ruby}")
    opts = $1
    shebang.strip! # Avoid nasty ^M issues.
  end

  if which = Gem.configuration[:custom_shebang]
    # replace bin_file_name with "ruby" to avoid endless loops
    which = which.gsub(/ #{bin_file_name}$/," #{RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name']}")

    which = which.gsub(/\$(\w+)/) do
      case $1
      when "env"
        @env_path ||= ENV_PATHS.find {|env_path| File.executable? env_path }
      when "ruby"
        "#{Gem.ruby}#{opts}"
      when "exec"
        bin_file_name
      when "name"
        spec.name
      end
    end

    "#!#{which}"
  elsif not ruby_name then
    "#!#{Gem.ruby}#{opts}"
  elsif opts then
    "#!/bin/sh\n'exec' #{ruby_name.dump} '-x' \"$0\" \"$@\"\n#{shebang}"
  else
    # Create a plain shebang line.
    @env_path ||= ENV_PATHS.find {|env_path| File.executable? env_path }
    "#!#{@env_path} #{ruby_name}"
  end
end

#spec

Lazy accessor for the installer's spec.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 260

def spec
  @package.spec
rescue Gem::Package::Error => e
  raise Gem::InstallError, "invalid gem: #{e.message}"
end

#spec_file

The location of the spec file that is installed.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 404

def spec_file
  File.join gem_home, "specifications", "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec"
end

#unpack(directory)

Unpacks the gem into the given directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 395

def unpack(directory)
  @gem_dir = directory
  extract_files
end

#verify_spec_name

Raises:

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 696

def verify_spec_name
  return if spec.name =~ Gem::Specification::VALID_NAME_PATTERN
  raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec} has an invalid name"
end

#windows_stub_script(bindir, bin_file_name)

return the stub script text used to launch the true Ruby script

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 734

def windows_stub_script(bindir, bin_file_name)
  ruby = Gem.ruby.gsub(/^\"|\"$/, "").tr(File::SEPARATOR, "\\")
  return <<-TEXT
@ECHO OFF
IF NOT "%~f0" == "~f0" GOTO :WinNT
@"#{ruby}" "#{File.join(bindir, bin_file_name)}" %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
GOTO :EOF
:WinNT
@"#{ruby}" "%~dpn0" %*
TEXT
end

#write_build_info_file

Writes the file containing the arguments for building this gem's extensions.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 841

def write_build_info_file
  return if @build_args.empty?

  build_info_dir = File.join gem_home, 'build_info'

  FileUtils.mkdir_p build_info_dir

  build_info_file = File.join build_info_dir, "#{spec.full_name}.info"

  open build_info_file, 'w' do |io|
    @build_args.each do |arg|
      io.puts arg
    end
  end
end

#write_cache_file

Writes the #gem file to the cache directory

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 860

def write_cache_file
  cache_file = File.join gem_home, 'cache', spec.file_name
  @package.copy_to cache_file
end

#write_default_spec

Writes the full .gemspec specification (in Ruby) to the gem home's specifications/default directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 434

def write_default_spec
  File.open(default_spec_file, "w") do |file|
    file.puts spec.to_ruby
  end
end

#write_spec

Writes the .gemspec specification (in Ruby) to the gem home's specifications directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/rubygems/installer.rb', line 420

def write_spec
  open spec_file, 'w' do |file|
    spec.installed_by_version = Gem.rubygems_version

    file.puts spec.to_ruby_for_cache

    file.fsync rescue nil # for filesystems without fsync(2)
  end
end