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Class: Net::FTP

Relationships & Source Files
Namespace Children
Classes:
Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance
Instance Chain:
self, MonitorMixin
Inherits: Object
Defined in: lib/net/ftp.rb

Overview

This class implements the File Transfer Protocol. If you have used a command-line FTP program, and are familiar with the commands, you will be able to use this class easily. Some extra features are included to take advantage of Ruby's style and strengths.

Example

require 'net/ftp'

Example 1

ftp = Net::FTP.new('example.com')
ftp.
files = ftp.chdir('pub/lang/ruby/contrib')
files = ftp.list('n*')
ftp.getbinaryfile('nif.rb-0.91.gz', 'nif.gz', 1024)
ftp.close

Example 2

Net::FTP.open('example.com') do |ftp|
  ftp.
  files = ftp.chdir('pub/lang/ruby/contrib')
  files = ftp.list('n*')
  ftp.getbinaryfile('nif.rb-0.91.gz', 'nif.gz', 1024)
end

Major Methods

The following are the methods most likely to be useful to users:

Constant Summary

Class Attribute Summary

Class Method Summary

Instance Attribute Summary

Instance Method Summary

Constructor Details

.new(host = nil, user = nil, passwd = nil, acct = nil) ⇒ FTP

Creates and returns a new FTP object. If a host is given, a connection is made. Additionally, if the user is given, the given user name, password, and (optionally) account are used to log in. See #login.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 164

def initialize(host = nil, user = nil, passwd = nil, acct = nil)
  super()
  @binary = true
  @passive = @@default_passive
  @debug_mode = false
  @resume = false
  @sock = NullSocket.new
  @logged_in = false
  @open_timeout = nil
  @read_timeout = 60
  if host
    connect(host)
    if user
      (user, passwd, acct)
    end
  end
end

Class Attribute Details

.default_passive (rw)

When true, connections are in passive mode per default. Default: true.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 136

def self.default_passive
  @@default_passive
end

.default_passive=(value) (rw)

When true, connections are in passive mode per default. Default: true.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 130

def self.default_passive=(value)
  @@default_passive = value
end

Class Method Details

.open(host, user = nil, passwd = nil, acct = nil)

A synonym for .new, but with a mandatory host parameter.

If a block is given, it is passed the FTP object, which will be closed when the block finishes, or when an exception is raised.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 146

def FTP.open(host, user = nil, passwd = nil, acct = nil)
  if block_given?
    ftp = new(host, user, passwd, acct)
    begin
      yield ftp
    ensure
      ftp.close
    end
  else
    new(host, user, passwd, acct)
  end
end

Instance Attribute Details

#binary (rw)

When true, transfers are performed in binary mode. Default: true.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 87

attr_reader :binary

#binary=(newmode) (rw)

A setter to toggle transfers in binary mode. newmode is either true or false

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 184

def binary=(newmode)
  if newmode != @binary
    @binary = newmode
    send_type_command if @logged_in
  end
end

#closed?Boolean (readonly)

Returns true iff the connection is closed.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1186

def closed?
  @sock == nil or @sock.closed?
end

#debug_mode (rw)

When true, all traffic to and from the server is written to $stdout. Default: false.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 94

attr_accessor :debug_mode

#last_response (readonly)

The server's last response.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 126

attr_reader :last_response

#last_response_code (readonly) Also known as: #lastresp

The server's last response code.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 122

attr_reader :last_response_code

#lastresp (readonly)

Alias for #last_response_code.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 123

alias lastresp last_response_code

#open_timeout (rw)

Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot open a connection in this many seconds, it raises a Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default value is nil.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 104

attr_accessor :open_timeout

#passive (rw)

When true, the connection is in passive mode. Default: true.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 90

attr_accessor :passive

#read_timeout (rw)

Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot read data in this many seconds, it raises a Timeout::Error exception. The default value is 60 seconds.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 110

attr_reader :read_timeout

#read_timeout=(sec) (rw)

Setter for the read_timeout attribute.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 113

def read_timeout=(sec)
  @sock.read_timeout = sec
  @read_timeout = sec
end

#resume (rw)

Sets or retrieves the resume status, which decides whether incomplete transfers are resumed or restarted. Default: false.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 98

attr_accessor :resume

#welcome (readonly)

The server's welcome message.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 119

attr_reader :welcome

Instance Method Details

#abort

Aborts the previous command (ABOR command).

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1097

def abort
  line = "ABOR" + CRLF
  print "put: ABOR\n" if @debug_mode
  @sock.send(line, Socket::MSG_OOB)
  resp = getmultiline
  unless ["426", "226", "225"].include?(resp[0, 3])
    raise FTPProtoError, resp
  end
  return resp
end

#acct(account)

Sends the ACCT command.

This is a less common FTP command, to send account information if the destination host requires it.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 750

def acct()
  cmd = "ACCT " + 
  voidcmd(cmd)
end

#chdir(dirname)

Changes the (remote) directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1018

def chdir(dirname)
  if dirname == ".."
    begin
      voidcmd("CDUP")
      return
    rescue FTPPermError => e
      if e.message[0, 3] != "500"
        raise e
      end
    end
  end
  cmd = "CWD #{dirname}"
  voidcmd(cmd)
end

#close

Closes the connection. Further operations are impossible until you open a new connection with #connect.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1170

def close
  if @sock and not @sock.closed?
    begin
      @sock.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR) rescue nil
      orig, self.read_timeout = self.read_timeout, 3
      @sock.read rescue nil
    ensure
      @sock.close
      self.read_timeout = orig
    end
  end
end

#connect(host, port = FTP_PORT)

Establishes an FTP connection to host, optionally overriding the default port. If the environment variable SOCKS_SERVER is set, sets up the connection through a SOCKS proxy. Raises an exception (typically Errno::ECONNREFUSED) if the connection cannot be established.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 258

def connect(host, port = FTP_PORT)
  if @debug_mode
    print "connect: ", host, ", ", port, "\n"
  end
  synchronize do
    @sock = open_socket(host, port)
    voidresp
  end
end

#delete(filename)

Deletes a file on the server.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1004

def delete(filename)
  resp = sendcmd("DELE #{filename}")
  if resp.start_with?("250")
    return
  elsif resp.start_with?("5")
    raise FTPPermError, resp
  else
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
end

#dir(*args, &block)

Alias for #list.

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 789

alias dir list

#get(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block)

Retrieves remotefile in whatever mode the session is set (text or binary). See #gettextfile and #getbinaryfile.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 679

def get(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile),
        blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data
  if @binary
    getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile, blocksize, &block)
  else
    gettextfile(remotefile, localfile, &block)
  end
end

#getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block)

Retrieves remotefile in binary mode, storing the result in localfile. If localfile is nil, returns retrieved data. If a block is supplied, it is passed the retrieved data in blocksize chunks.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 618

def getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile),
                  blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data
  f = nil
  result = nil
  if localfile
    if @resume
      rest_offset = File.size?(localfile)
      f = File.open(localfile, "a")
    else
      rest_offset = nil
      f = File.open(localfile, "w")
    end
  elsif !block_given?
    result = String.new
  end
  begin
    f&.binmode
    retrbinary("RETR #{remotefile}", blocksize, rest_offset) do |data|
      f&.write(data)
      block&.(data)
      result&.concat(data)
    end
    return result
  ensure
    f&.close
  end
end

#getdir

Alias for #pwd.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1081

alias getdir pwd

#gettextfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), &block)

Retrieves remotefile in ASCII (text) mode, storing the result in localfile. If localfile is nil, returns retrieved data. If a block is supplied, it is passed the retrieved data one line at a time.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 653

def gettextfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile),
                &block) # :yield: line
  f = nil
  result = nil
  if localfile
    f = File.open(localfile, "w")
  elsif !block_given?
    result = String.new
  end
  begin
    retrlines("RETR #{remotefile}") do |line, newline|
      l = newline ? line + "\n" : line
      f&.print(l)
      block&.(line, newline)
      result&.concat(l)
    end
    return result
  ensure
    f&.close
  end
end

#help(arg = nil)

Issues the HELP command.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1134

def help(arg = nil)
  cmd = "HELP"
  if arg
    cmd = cmd + " " + arg
  end
  sendcmd(cmd)
end

#list(*args, &block) Also known as: #ls, #dir

Returns an array of file information in the directory (the output is like `ls -l`). If a block is given, it iterates through the listing.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 774

def list(*args, &block) # :yield: line
  cmd = "LIST"
  args.each do |arg|
    cmd = "#{cmd} #{arg}"
  end
  lines = []
  retrlines(cmd) do |line|
    lines << line
  end
  if block
    lines.each(&block)
  end
  return lines
end

#login(user = "anonymous", passwd = nil, acct = nil)

Logs in to the remote host. The session must have been previously connected. If user is the string “anonymous” and the password is nil, “anonymous@” is used as a password. If the #acct parameter is not nil, an FTP ACCT command is sent following the successful login. Raises an exception on error (typically FTPPermError).

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 469

def (user = "anonymous", passwd = nil, acct = nil)
  if user == "anonymous" and passwd == nil
    passwd = "anonymous@"
  end

  resp = ""
  synchronize do
    resp = sendcmd('USER ' + user)
    if resp.start_with?("3")
      raise FTPReplyError, resp if passwd.nil?
      resp = sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd)
    end
    if resp.start_with?("3")
      raise FTPReplyError, resp if acct.nil?
      resp = sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct)
    end
  end
  if !resp.start_with?("2")
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
  @welcome = resp
  send_type_command
  @logged_in = true
end

#ls(*args, &block)

Alias for #list.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 788

alias ls list

#mdtm(filename)

Returns the raw last modification time of the (remote) file in the format “YYYYMMDDhhmmss” (MDTM command).

Use #mtime if you want a parsed Time instance.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1124

def mdtm(filename)
  resp = sendcmd("MDTM #{filename}")
  if resp.start_with?("213")
    return get_body(resp)
  end
end

#mkdir(dirname)

Creates a remote directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1062

def mkdir(dirname)
  resp = sendcmd("MKD #{dirname}")
  return parse257(resp)
end

#mlsd(pathname = nil, &block)

Returns an array of the entries of the directory specified by pathname. Each entry has the facts (e.g., size, last modification time, etc.) and the pathname. If a block is given, it iterates through the listing. If pathname is omitted, the current directory is assumed.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 978

def mlsd(pathname = nil, &block) # :yield: entry
  cmd = pathname ? "MLSD #{pathname}" : "MLSD"
  entries = []
  retrlines(cmd) do |line|
    entries << parse_mlsx_entry(line)
  end
  if block
    entries.each(&block)
  end
  return entries
end

#mlst(pathname = nil)

Returns data (e.g., size, last modification time, entry type, etc.) about the file or directory specified by pathname. If pathname is omitted, the current directory is assumed.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 956

def mlst(pathname = nil)
  cmd = pathname ? "MLST #{pathname}" : "MLST"
  resp = sendcmd(cmd)
  if !resp.start_with?("250")
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
  line = resp.lines[1]
  unless line
    raise FTPProtoError, resp
  end
  entry = line.sub(/\A(250-| *)/, "")
  return parse_mlsx_entry(entry)
end

#mtime(filename, local = false)

Returns the last modification time of the (remote) file. If local is true, it is returned as a local time, otherwise it's a UTC time.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1055

def mtime(filename, local = false)
  return TIME_PARSER.(mdtm(filename), local)
end

#nlst(dir = nil)

Returns an array of filenames in the remote directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 758

def nlst(dir = nil)
  cmd = "NLST"
  if dir
    cmd = "#{cmd} #{dir}"
  end
  files = []
  retrlines(cmd) do |line|
    files.push(line)
  end
  return files
end

#noop

Issues a NOOP command.

Does nothing except return a response.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1154

def noop
  voidcmd("NOOP")
end

#parse_mlsx_entry(entry) (private)

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 936

def parse_mlsx_entry(entry)
  facts, pathname = entry.chomp.split(/ /, 2)
  unless pathname
    raise FTPProtoError, entry
  end
  return MLSxEntry.new(
    facts.scan(/(.*?)=(.*?);/).each_with_object({}) {
      |(factname, value), h|
      name = factname.downcase
      h[name] = FACT_PARSERS[name].(value)
    },
    pathname)
end

#parse_pasv_ipv4_host(s) (private)

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1224

def parse_pasv_ipv4_host(s)
  return s.tr(",", ".")
end

#parse_pasv_ipv6_host(s) (private)

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1229

def parse_pasv_ipv6_host(s)
  return s.split(/,/).map { |i|
    "%02x" % i.to_i
  }.each_slice(2).map(&:join).join(":")
end

#parse_pasv_port(s) (private)

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# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1236

def parse_pasv_port(s)
  return s.split(/,/).map(&:to_i).inject { |x, y|
    (x << 8) + y
  }
end

#put(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block)

Transfers localfile to the server in whatever mode the session is set (text or binary). See #puttextfile and #putbinaryfile.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 735

def put(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile),
        blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block)
  if @binary
    putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile, blocksize, &block)
  else
    puttextfile(localfile, remotefile, &block)
  end
end

#putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block)

Transfers localfile to the server in binary mode, storing the result in remotefile. If a block is supplied, calls it, passing in the transmitted data in blocksize chunks.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 693

def putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile),
                  blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data
  if @resume
    begin
      rest_offset = size(remotefile)
    rescue Net::FTPPermError
      rest_offset = nil
    end
  else
    rest_offset = nil
  end
  f = File.open(localfile)
  begin
    f.binmode
    if rest_offset
      storbinary("APPE #{remotefile}", f, blocksize, rest_offset, &block)
    else
      storbinary("STOR #{remotefile}", f, blocksize, rest_offset, &block)
    end
  ensure
    f.close
  end
end

#puttextfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), &block)

Transfers localfile to the server in ASCII (text) mode, storing the result in remotefile. If callback or an associated block is supplied, calls it, passing in the transmitted data one line at a time.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 722

def puttextfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), &block) # :yield: line
  f = File.open(localfile)
  begin
    storlines("STOR #{remotefile}", f, &block)
  ensure
    f.close
  end
end

#pwd Also known as: #getdir

Returns the current remote directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1077

def pwd
  resp = sendcmd("PWD")
  return parse257(resp)
end

#quit

Exits the FTP session.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1145

def quit
  voidcmd("QUIT")
end

#rename(fromname, toname)

Renames a file on the server.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 993

def rename(fromname, toname)
  resp = sendcmd("RNFR #{fromname}")
  if !resp.start_with?("3")
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
  voidcmd("RNTO #{toname}")
end

#retrbinary(cmd, blocksize, rest_offset = nil)

Puts the connection into binary (image) mode, issues the given command, and fetches the data returned, passing it to the associated block in chunks of blocksize characters. Note that cmd is a server command (such as “RETR myfile”).

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 500

def retrbinary(cmd, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) # :yield: data
  synchronize do
    with_binary(true) do
      begin
        conn = transfercmd(cmd, rest_offset)
        loop do
          data = conn.read(blocksize)
          break if data == nil
          yield(data)
        end
        conn.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR)
        conn.read_timeout = 1
        conn.read
      ensure
        conn.close if conn
      end
      voidresp
    end
  end
end

#retrlines(cmd)

Puts the connection into ASCII (text) mode, issues the given command, and passes the resulting data, one line at a time, to the associated block. If no block is given, prints the lines. Note that cmd is a server command (such as “RETR myfile”).

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 527

def retrlines(cmd) # :yield: line
  synchronize do
    with_binary(false) do
      begin
        conn = transfercmd(cmd)
        loop do
          line = conn.gets
          break if line == nil
          yield(line.sub(/\r?\n\z/, ""), !line.match(/\n\z/).nil?)
        end
        conn.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR)
        conn.read_timeout = 1
        conn.read
      ensure
        conn.close if conn
      end
      voidresp
    end
  end
end

#rmdir(dirname)

Removes a remote directory.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1070

def rmdir(dirname)
  voidcmd("RMD #{dirname}")
end

#sendcmd(cmd)

Sends a command and returns the response.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 367

def sendcmd(cmd)
  synchronize do
    putline(cmd)
    return getresp
  end
end

#set_socket(sock, get_greeting = true)

Set the socket used to connect to the FTP server.

May raise FTPReplyError if get_greeting is false.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 272

def set_socket(sock, get_greeting = true)
  synchronize do
    @sock = sock
    if get_greeting
      voidresp
    end
  end
end

#site(arg)

Issues a SITE command.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1161

def site(arg)
  cmd = "SITE " + arg
  voidcmd(cmd)
end

#size(filename)

Returns the size of the given (remote) filename.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1041

def size(filename)
  with_binary(true) do
    resp = sendcmd("SIZE #{filename}")
    if !resp.start_with?("213")
      raise FTPReplyError, resp
    end
    return get_body(resp).to_i
  end
end

#status

Returns the status (STAT command).

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1111

def status
  line = "STAT" + CRLF
  print "put: STAT\n" if @debug_mode
  @sock.send(line, Socket::MSG_OOB)
  return getresp
end

#storbinary(cmd, file, blocksize, rest_offset = nil)

Puts the connection into binary (image) mode, issues the given server-side command (such as “STOR myfile”), and sends the contents of the file named file to the server. If the optional block is given, it also passes it the data, in chunks of blocksize characters.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 554

def storbinary(cmd, file, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) # :yield: data
  if rest_offset
    file.seek(rest_offset, IO::SEEK_SET)
  end
  synchronize do
    with_binary(true) do
      conn = transfercmd(cmd)
      loop do
        buf = file.read(blocksize)
        break if buf == nil
        conn.write(buf)
        yield(buf) if block_given?
      end
      conn.close
      voidresp
    end
  end
rescue Errno::EPIPE
  # EPIPE, in this case, means that the data connection was unexpectedly
  # terminated.  Rather than just raising EPIPE to the caller, check the
  # response on the control connection.  If getresp doesn't raise a more
  # appropriate exception, re-raise the original exception.
  getresp
  raise
end

#storlines(cmd, file)

Puts the connection into ASCII (text) mode, issues the given server-side command (such as “STOR myfile”), and sends the contents of the file named file to the server, one line at a time. If the optional block is given, it also passes it the lines.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 586

def storlines(cmd, file) # :yield: line
  synchronize do
    with_binary(false) do
      conn = transfercmd(cmd)
      loop do
        buf = file.gets
        break if buf == nil
        if buf[-2, 2] != CRLF
          buf = buf.chomp + CRLF
        end
        conn.write(buf)
        yield(buf) if block_given?
      end
      conn.close
      voidresp
    end
  end
rescue Errno::EPIPE
  # EPIPE, in this case, means that the data connection was unexpectedly
  # terminated.  Rather than just raising EPIPE to the caller, check the
  # response on the control connection.  If getresp doesn't raise a more
  # appropriate exception, re-raise the original exception.
  getresp
  raise
end

#system

Returns system information.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 1086

def system
  resp = sendcmd("SYST")
  if !resp.start_with?("215")
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
  return get_body(resp)
end

#voidcmd(cmd)

Sends a command and expect a response beginning with '2'.

[ GitHub ]

  
# File 'lib/net/ftp.rb', line 377

def voidcmd(cmd)
  synchronize do
    putline(cmd)
    voidresp
  end
end